Android杂谈--ListView之BaseAdapter的使用

      前言      

话说开发用了各种Adapter之后感觉用的最舒服的还是BaseAdapter,尽管使用起来比其他适配器有些麻烦,但是使用它却能实现很多自己喜欢的列表布局,比如ListView、GridView、Gallery、Spinner等等。它是直接继承自接口类Adapter的,使用BaseAdapter时需要重写很多方法,其中最重要的当属getView,因为这会涉及到ListView优化等问题,其他的方法可以参考链接的文章

BaseAdapter与其他Adapter有些不一样,其他的Adapter可以直接在其构造方法中进行数据的设置,比如

SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, getData(), R.layout.list_item, new String[]{"img","title","info",new int[]{R.id.img, R.id.title, R.id.info}});

但是在BaseAdapter中需要实现一个继承自BaseAdapter的类,并且重写里面的很多方法,例如

class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter   
{
private Context context;
public MyAdapter(Context context)
{
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
// How many items are in the data set represented by this Adapter.(在此适配器中所代表的数据集中的条目数)
return 0;
}

@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
// Get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set.(获取数据集中与指定索引对应的数据项)
return null;
}

@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
// Get the row id associated with the specified position in the list.(取在列表中与指定索引对应的行id)
return 0;
}

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
// Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set.
return null;
}

}

这里面没什么难度,但是这个getView方法必须好好处理,也是最麻烦的

第一种:没有任何处理,不建议这样写。如果数据量少看将就,但是如果列表项数据量很大的时候,会每次都重新创建View,设置资源,严重影响性能,所以从一开始就不要用这种方式

@Override   
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
View item = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
ImageView img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img)
TextView title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
TextView info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info);
img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
title.setText("Hello");
info.setText("world");

return item;
}

第二种ListView优化:通过缓存convertView,这种利用缓存contentView的方式可以判断如果缓存中不存在View才创建View,如果已经存在可以利用缓存中的View,提升了性能

public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {   
if(convertView == null)
{
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
}

ImageView img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img)
TextView title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.title);
TextView info = (TextView)ConvertView.findViewById(R.id.info);
img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
title.setText("Hello");
info.setText("world");

return convertView;
}

第三种ListView优化:通过convertView+ViewHolder来实现,ViewHolder就是一个静态类,使用 ViewHolder 的关键好处是缓存了显示数据的视图(View),加快了 UI 的响应速度。

当我们判断 convertView == null  的时候,如果为空,就会根据设计好的List的Item布局(XML),来为convertView赋值,并生成一个viewHolder来绑定converView里面的各个View控件(XML布局里面的那些控件)。再用convertView的setTag将viewHolder设置到Tag中,以便系统第二次绘制ListView时从Tag中取出。(看下面代码中)

如果convertView不为空的时候,就会直接用convertView的getTag(),来获得一个ViewHolder。

//在外面先定义,ViewHolder静态类   
static class ViewHolder
{
public ImageView img;
public TextView title;
public TextView info;
}
//然后重写getView
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder;
if(convertView == null)
{
holder = new ViewHolder();
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
holder.img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img)
holder.title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
holder.info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info);
convertView.setTag(holder);
}else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
holder.img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
holder.title.setText("Hello");
holder.info.setText("World");
}

return convertView;
}

实例一:用BaseAdapter来自定义ListView布局
main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<ListView
android:id="@+id/lv"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:fastScrollEnabled="true"
/>

</LinearLayout>

list_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal" >

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/img"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="20sp"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/info"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="14sp"
/>
</LinearLayout>


</LinearLayout>

Activity

package com.loulijun.demo17;   

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class Demo17Activity extends Activity {
private ListView lv;
private List<Map<String, Object>> data;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
lv = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv);
//获取将要绑定的数据设置到data中
data = getData();
MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this);
lv.setAdapter(adapter);
}

private List<Map<String, Object>> getData()
{
List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
Map<String, Object> map;
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("img", R.drawable.ic_launcher);
map.put("title", "跆拳道");
map.put("info", "快乐源于生活...");
list.add(map);
}
return list;
}

//ViewHolder静态类
static class ViewHolder
{
public ImageView img;
public TextView title;
public TextView info;
}

public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
{
private LayoutInflater mInflater = null;
private MyAdapter(Context context)
{
//根据context上下文加载布局,这里的是Demo17Activity本身,即this
this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
}

@Override
public int getCount() {
//How many items are in the data set represented by this Adapter.
//在此适配器中所代表的数据集中的条目数
return data.size();
}

@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
// Get the data item associated with the specified position in the data set.
//获取数据集中与指定索引对应的数据项
return position;
}

@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
//Get the row id associated with the specified position in the list.
//获取在列表中与指定索引对应的行id
return position;
}

//Get a View that displays the data at the specified position in the data set.
//获取一个在数据集中指定索引的视图来显示数据
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder = null;
//如果缓存convertView为空,则需要创建View
if(convertView == null)
{
holder = new ViewHolder();
//根据自定义的Item布局加载布局
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
holder.img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img);
holder.title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
holder.info = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.info);
//将设置好的布局保存到缓存中,并将其设置在Tag里,以便后面方便取出Tag
convertView.setTag(holder);
}else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.img.setBackgroundResource((Integer)data.get(position).get("img"));
holder.title.setText((String)data.get(position).get("title"));
holder.info.setText((String)data.get(position).get("info"));

return convertView;
}

}
}

运行结果如下:

Android杂谈--ListView之BaseAdapter的使用_第1张图片


实例二:Gallery上应用BaseAdapter

main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/img"
android:layout_width="480px"
android:layout_height="480px"
android:layout_gravity="center"
/>
<Gallery
android:id="@+id/gallery"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:spacing="3dp"
android:layout_gravity="bottom"
/>

</LinearLayout>

Activity:这部分里的getView没有优化,调试了很久还没调通,暂时还是用的最基本的方法。会专门找个时间把Gallery内存泄露的部分写一下,因为图片资源很多的时候会引起out of memory的错误

package com.loulijun.demo16;   

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.Gallery;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class Demo16Activity extends Activity {
private Gallery mGallery;
private ImageView mImg;
//图片数组
private int[] pics = {
R.drawable.pic1,
R.drawable.pic2,
R.drawable.pic3,
R.drawable.pic4,
R.drawable.pic5,
R.drawable.pic6
};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mImg = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.img);
mGallery = (Gallery)findViewById(R.id.gallery);
MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this);
mGallery.setAdapter(adapter);
mGallery.setOnItemClickListener(new Gallery.OnItemClickListener()
{

@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapter, View view, int position,
long arg3) {
mImg.setImageResource(pics[position]);
}

});
}

//内部类
class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
{
//用来接收传递过来的Context上下文对象
private Context context;

//构造函数
public MyAdapter(Context context)
{
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
//返回图片数组大小
return pics.length;
}

@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
//根据选中项返回索引位置
return position;
}

@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
//根据选中项id返回索引位置
return position;
}
//未优化的getView,这部分可以使用recycle()释放内存、或者BitmapFacotry.Options缩小,或者软引用,或者控制图片资源大小等等很多方法,找时间专门写
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ImageView img = new ImageView(context);
img.setAdjustViewBounds(true);
img.setImageResource(pics[position]);
img.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_XY);
img.setLayoutParams(new Gallery.LayoutParams(120,120));

return img;
}
}
}

运行效果:原理都是一样,只不过是布局加载的时候会有区别,不过就这个小区别也让人够恼火的了

Android杂谈--ListView之BaseAdapter的使用_第2张图片



文章精选:

http://www.cnblogs.com/over140/archive/2010/12/03/1895128.html





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