WCF 开发学习笔记

概述

Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 是.NET Framework 的扩展，用来创建互连的系统。WCF 提供了创建安全的、可靠的、事务服务的统一框架，WCF 整合和扩展了现有分布式系统的开发技术，如Microsoft .Net Remoting、Web Services、Web Services Enhancements (WSE)等等，来开发统一的可靠系统。WCF 框架可以实现SOA架构的松散耦合的应用程序，WCF 简化了构建SOA架构应用的工作，同时通过统一Enterprise Services、Messaging、.Net Remoting、Web Services、WSE 等技术，降低开发复杂度。WCF服务可以通过属性Attribute进行配置，提高灵活性和效率，支持大量的Web Services标准，如XML、XSD、SOAP、Xpath、WSDL等标准和规范，如WS-Addressing、WS-Policy、WS- Security、WS-Trust、WS-Secure、WS-Reliable Messaging、WS-Atomic Transaction、WS-Coordination等等。

Windows communication Foundation (WCF) 框架模型

 

WCF组成结构

 

Service Class：一个标记了[ServiceContract]属性的类，在其中可能包含多个方法。除了标记了一些WCF 特有的Attribute 外，这个类与一般的类没有什么区别。 
Host（宿主）：可以是应用程序，进程如Windows Service 等，它是WCF Service 运行环境。 
Endpoints：可以是一个，也可以是一组，它是WCF 实现通信的核心要素。

在后面的实例应用中，我还会提到上面这三个概念。

（1）绑定：指定该端点如何与外界通信，也就是为端点指定通信协议。

• 传输协议：端点和客户端通过传输协议通信。比较常用的是HTTP和TCP。
• 编码协议：在进入通信链路之前，端点和客户通过编码协议对通信进行编码。比较常见的是XML文件二进制码。
• 安全协议：端点和用户通过安全协议保证通信的安全。比如一些敏感的信息，要求通过加密的传输信道。比较常见的是HTTPS和WS-Security。

   

  （2）地址：一个端点地址指定端点的位置，如果通过端点与WCF通信，必须把通信指定到网络地址。

  （3）契约：一个端点上契约指定通过该端点的用户能访问到WCF服务的什么操作。

  在WCF 中，类ServiceEndpoint 代表了一个端点（Endpoint），在类中包含的EndpointAddress，Binding，ContractDescription 类型分别对应端点的地址，绑定和契约。

   

  WCF服务模型

  最后简单的说下WCF的服务模型。

  WCF是一个层次架构，该架构的顶层称为服务模型，用于WCF服务的建模。

  WCF服务模型提供了3种重要手段对自己的WCF服务进行建模：

  （1）面向属性编程：WCF服务模型带有一套元数据属性，可以通过属性表示相应的实体，如：属性，接口，类等。

  （2）面向配置编程：WCF服务模型带有方便的配置语言，可以通过它在配置文件中进行建模。

  （3）常规命令编程：WCF服务模型带有一组方便的托管类，可以使用这些托管类对服务进行建模。

   

   

  示例

  定义Server 接口:

  using System.Collections.Generic;
  using System.ServiceModel;
  using Model;
  
  [ServiceContract]
  public interface IDICOMService
  {
      /// <summary>
      /// Get patient identifier list by query condition
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="patientQueryCondition"></param>
      /// <returns></returns>
      [OperationContract]
      List<PatientIdentifier> Query(PatientQueryCondition patientQueryCondition);
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Retrieve cache relate file path list
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
      /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
      /// <returns>cache relate file path list</returns>
      [OperationContract]
      List< string > Retrieve( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID, string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID);
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Retrieve file stream by cache related file path
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="relatedFilePath">related file path</param>
      /// <returns>file stream bytes</returns>
      [OperationContract]
      byte [] RetrieveFileStream( string relatedFilePath);
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Retrieve file name and file byte stream list
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
      /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
      /// <returns>file name and file byte stream list </returns>
      [OperationContract]
      Dictionary< string , byte []> RetrieveFileNameAndStream( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID,
                                                           string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID);
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Retrieve file stream by sort and paging
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
      /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="page">page</param>
      /// <param name="count">count</param>
      /// <param name="sort">sort</param>
      /// <param name="sequence">sequence</param>
      /// <returns>file name and file byte stream list </returns>
      [OperationContract]
      Dictionary< string , byte []> RetrieveFileStreamBySortAndPaging( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID,
                                                                   string seriesInstanceUID,
                                                                   string sopInstanceUID, int page, int count,
                                                                   string sort, string sequence);
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Retrieve DicomFileResult entity list By Condition
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
      /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
      /// <returns>DicomFileResult entity list</returns>
      [OperationContract]
      List<DicomFileResult> RetrieveDicomFileResultListByCondition( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID,
                                                                   string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID);
  
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Retrieve DicomFileResult entity List   by sort and paging
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
      /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
      /// <param name="page">page</param>
      /// <param name="count">count</param>
      /// <param name="sort">sort</param>
      /// <param name="sequence">sequence</param>
      /// <returns>file name and file byte stream list </returns>
      [OperationContract]
      List<DicomFileResult> RetrieveDicomFileResultListBySortAndPaging( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID,
                                                                       string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID,
                                                                       int page, int count, string sort,
                                                                       string sequence);
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Retrieve Report file byte stream by encount type and activity state
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="encountType">encount type</param>
      /// <param name="activityState">activity state</param>
      /// <returns>file byte stream</returns>
      [OperationContract]
      byte [] RetrieveReportFileByCondition( string encountType, string activityState);
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Add Report File By encount type and activity state and byte stream
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="encountType">encount Type</param>
      /// <param name="activityState">activity State</param>
      /// <param name="byteStream">report file byte stream</param>
      /// <returns>the result is true or false</returns>
      [OperationContract]
      bool AddReportFile( string encountType, string activityState, byte [] byteStream);
  
  
      /// <summary>
      /// Remove Report file by encount type and activity state
      /// </summary>
      /// <param name="encountType">encount Type</param>
      /// <param name="activityState">activity State</param>
      /// <returns>the result is true or false</returns>
      [OperationContract]
      bool RemoveReportFileByCondition( string encountType, string activityState);
  }

   

   

  接下来实现接口

  using System.Collections.Generic;
    using DAL;
    using IDAL;
    using Model;
    using System.ServiceModel;
    /// <summary>
    /// Dicom Service class
    /// </summary>
    [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single)]
    public class DICOMService : IDICOMService
    {
        #region Private Methods
  
        #endregion
  
        #region IDICOMService Members
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Query DICOM server by PatientQueryCondition entity
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="patientQueryCondition">PatientQueryCondition entity </param>
        /// <returns>Patient Identifier list</returns>
        public List<PatientIdentifier> Query(PatientQueryCondition patientQueryCondition)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.Query(patientQueryCondition);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve cache relate file path list
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
        /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
        /// <returns>cache relate file path list</returns>
        public List< string > Retrieve( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID, string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.Retrieve(patientID, studyInstanceUID, seriesInstanceUID, sopInstanceUID);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve file stream by cache related file path
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relatedfilePath"> cache related file path</param>
        /// <returns>file stream bytes</returns>
        public byte [] RetrieveFileStream( string relatedfilePath)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.RetrieveFileStream(relatedfilePath);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve file name and file byte stream List
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
        /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
        /// <returns>file name and file byte stream List</returns>
        public Dictionary< string , byte []> RetrieveFileNameAndStream( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID, string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.RetrieveFileStream(patientID, studyInstanceUID, seriesInstanceUID,
                                                                 sopInstanceUID);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve DicomFileResult entity list By Condition
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
        /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
        /// <returns>DicomFileResult entity list</returns>
        public List<DicomFileResult> RetrieveDicomFileResultListByCondition( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID, string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.RetrieveDcmFileResultListByCondition(patientID, studyInstanceUID,
                                                                                   seriesInstanceUID, sopInstanceUID);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve DicomFileResult entity List By condition
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
        /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="page">page</param>
        /// <param name="count">count</param>
        /// <param name="sort">sort</param>
        /// <param name="sequence">sequence</param>
        /// <returns>DicomFileResult entity list</returns>
        public List<DicomFileResult> RetrieveDicomFileResultListBySortAndPaging( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID, string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID, int page, int count, string sort, string sequence)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.RetrieveDcmFileResultListBySortAndPaging(patientID, studyInstanceUID,
                                                                                       seriesInstanceUID, sopInstanceUID,
                                                                                       page, count, sort, sequence);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve report file stream by encount type and activity state
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="encountType">encount type</param>
        /// <param name="activityState">activity state</param>
        /// <returns>report file byte stream</returns>
        public byte [] RetrieveReportFileByCondition( string encountType, string activityState)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.RetrieveReportFileByCondition(encountType, activityState);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Add report file by encount type and activity state and byte stream
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="encountType">encount type</param>
        /// <param name="activityState">activity state</param>
        /// <param name="byteStream">byte stream</param>
        /// <returns>the result is true or false</returns>
        public bool AddReportFile( string encountType, string activityState, byte [] byteStream)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.AddReportFile(encountType, activityState, byteStream);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Remove report file by encount type and activity state
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="encountType">encount type</param>
        /// <param name="activityState">activity state</param>
        /// <returns>the result is true or false</returns>
        public bool RemoveReportFileByCondition( string encountType, string activityState)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.RemoveReportFile(encountType, activityState);
        }
  
        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieve file stream by sort and paging
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="patientID">patientID</param>
        /// <param name="studyInstanceUID">studyInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="seriesInstanceUID">seriesInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="sopInstanceUID">sopInstanceUID</param>
        /// <param name="page">page</param>
        /// <param name="count">count</param>
        /// <param name="sort">sort</param>
        /// <param name="sequence">sequence</param>
        /// <returns>file name and file byte stream list</returns>
        public Dictionary< string , byte []> RetrieveFileStreamBySortAndPaging( string patientID, string studyInstanceUID, string seriesInstanceUID, string sopInstanceUID, int page, int count, string sort, string sequence)
        {
            return DICOMServiceHandle.Instance.RetrieveFileStreamBySortAndPaging(patientID, studyInstanceUID,
                                                                                seriesInstanceUID, sopInstanceUID, page,
                                                                                count, sort, sequence);
        }
  
        #endregion
    }

   

   

   

  其中

  [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single)]

   

   

  是保证WCF实例是单例的.

   

  然后再如下在运行窗口把这个给启动了.

  class Program
  {
      [STAThread]
      static void Main( string [] args)
      {
          Console.WriteLine( "***** Console Based Host*****" );
          var timer = new QueryDicomServerTimer();
          using (ServiceHost serviceHost = new ServiceHost( typeof (DICOMService)))
          {
              serviceHost.Open();
              Console.WriteLine( "The server is ready." );
              DisplayServerInfo(serviceHost);
              timer.Start();
              Console.WriteLine( "Press the Enter key to terminate the service" );
              Console.ReadLine();
          }
          timer.End();
      }
  
      static void DisplayServerInfo(ServiceHost serviceHost)
      {
          Console.WriteLine();
          Console.WriteLine( "****** Host Info ******" );
          foreach (var endpoint in serviceHost.Description.Endpoints)
          {
              Console.WriteLine( "The address is {0}" , endpoint.Address);
              Console.WriteLine( "The binding is {0}" , endpoint.Binding.Name);
              Console.WriteLine( "The contract is {0}" , endpoint.Contract.Name);
              Console.WriteLine();
          }
          Console.WriteLine( "***********************" );
      }
  }

   

   

   

   

  web.config配置如下:

  <system.serviceModel>
      <bindings/>
      <client/>
      <services>
        <service name= "DICOMServiceLib.BLL.DICOMService" behaviorConfiguration= "DICOMServiceMEXBehavior" >
          <endpoint address= "" binding= "basicHttpBinding" contract= "DICOMServiceLib.IDAL.IDICOMService" />
          <!-- Enable the MEX endpoint -->
          <endpoint address= "mex" binding= "mexHttpBinding" contract= "IMetadataExchange" />
          <!-- Need to add this so MEX knows the address of our service -->
          <host>
            <baseAddresses>
              <add baseAddress= "http://localhost:9090/DICOMService" />
            </baseAddresses>
          </host>
        </service>
      </services>
      <!-- A behavior definition for MEX -->
      <behaviors>
        <serviceBehaviors>
          <behavior name= "DICOMServiceMEXBehavior" >
            <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled= "true" />
          </behavior>
        </serviceBehaviors>
      </behaviors>
    </system.serviceModel>

   

   

   

  运行的结果如下图:

  

   

   

  欢迎各位参与讨论，如果觉得对你有帮助，请点击    推荐下，万分谢谢.

  作者：spring yang

  出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/springyangwc/

  本文版权归作者和博客园共有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。