FFmpeg结构体彻底分析——AVStream

/**
 * Stream structure.     表示流的信息结构体
 * New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
 * Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
 * version bump.
 * sizeof(AVStream) must not be used outside libav*.
 */
typedef struct AVStream {
    int index;    /**< stream index in AVFormatContext */   在AVFormatContext中的流的index
    /**
     * Format-specific stream ID.
     * decoding: set by libavformat
     * encoding: set by the user, replaced by libavformat if left unset
     */
    int id;  ‍//格式特定的流的ID，解码的时候由libavformat设置，编码的时候用户设置，如果不设置libavformat会去设置
    /**
     * Codec context associated with this stream. Allocated and freed by
     * libavformat.
     *
     * - decoding: The demuxer exports codec information stored in the headers
     *             here.
     * - encoding: The user sets codec information, the muxer writes it to the
     *             output. Mandatory fields as specified in AVCodecContext
     *             documentation must be set even if this AVCodecContext is
     *             not actually used for encoding.
     */
    AVCodecContext *codec‍;//跟这个流相对应的编解码的上下文，由libavformat分配和释放

解码的时候：解封装器导出存储在头部中的编解码信息

编码的时候：用户设置codec信息，muxer将其写到输出，
    void *priv_data;

    /**
     * encoding: pts generation when outputting stream
     */
    struct AVFrac pts;

    /**
     * This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
     * of which frame timestamps are represented.
     *
     * decoding: set by libavformat
     * encoding: set by libavformat in avformat_write_header. The muxer may use the
     * user-provided value of @ref AVCodecContext.time_base "codec->time_base"
     * as a hint.
     */
    AVRational time_base; //通过该值可以把PTS，DTS转化为真正的时间。FFMPEG其他结构体中也有这个字段，但是根据我的经验，只有AVStream中的time_base是可用的。PTS*time_base=真正的时间

    /**
     * Decoding: pts of the first frame of the stream in presentation order, in stream time base.
     * Only set this if you are absolutely 100% sure that the value you set
     * it to really is the pts of the first frame.
     * This may be undefined (AV_NOPTS_VALUE).
     * @note The ASF header does NOT contain a correct start_time the ASF
     * demuxer must NOT set this.
     */
    int64_t start_time;

    /**
     * Decoding: duration of the stream, in stream time base.
     * If a source file does not specify a duration, but does specify
     * a bitrate, this value will be estimated from bitrate and file size.
     */
    int64_t duration;该视频/音频流长度

    int64_t nb_frames;                 ///< number of frames in this stream if known or 0

    int disposition; /**< AV_DISPOSITION_* bit field */

    enum AVDiscard discard; ///< Selects which packets can be discarded at will and do not need to be demuxed.

    /**
     * sample aspect ratio (0 if unknown)
     * - encoding: Set by user.
     * - decoding: Set by libavformat.
     */
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;

    AVDictionary *metadata;

    /**
     * Average framerate
     */
    AVRational avg_frame_rate;帧率（注：对视频来说，这个挺重要的）

    /**
     * For streams with AV_DISPOSITION_ATTACHED_PIC disposition, this packet
     * will contain the attached picture.
     *
     * decoding: set by libavformat, must not be modified by the caller.
     * encoding: unused
     */
    AVPacket attached_pic;附带的图片。比如说一些MP3，AAC音频文件附带的专辑封面。

    /**
     * An array of side data that applies to the whole stream (i.e. the
     * container does not allow it to change between packets).
     *
     * There may be no overlap between the side data in this array and side data
     * in the packets. I.e. a given side data is either exported by the muxer
     * (demuxing) / set by the caller (muxing) in this array, then it never
     * appears in the packets, or the side data is exported / sent through
     * the packets (always in the first packet where the value becomes known or
     * changes), then it does not appear in this array.
     *
     * - demuxing: Set by libavformat when the stream is created.
     * - muxing: May be set by the caller before avformat_write_header().
     *
     * Freed by libavformat in avformat_free_context().
     *
     * @see av_format_inject_global_side_data()
     */
    AVPacketSideData *side_data;
    /**
     * The number of elements in the AVStream.side_data array.
     */
    int            nb_side_data;

    /*****************************************************************
     * All fields below this line are not part of the public API. They
     * may not be used outside of libavformat and can be changed and
     * removed at will.
     * New public fields should be added right above.
     *****************************************************************
     */

    /**
     * Stream information used internally by av_find_stream_info()
     */
#define MAX_STD_TIMEBASES (60*12+6)
    struct {
        int64_t last_dts;
        int64_t duration_gcd;
        int duration_count;
        int64_t rfps_duration_sum;
        double (*duration_error)[2][MAX_STD_TIMEBASES];
        int64_t codec_info_duration;
        int64_t codec_info_duration_fields;

        /**
         * 0  -> decoder has not been searched for yet.
         * >0 -> decoder found
         * <0 -> decoder with codec_id == -found_decoder has not been found
         */
        int found_decoder;

        int64_t last_duration;

        /**
         * Those are used for average framerate estimation.
         */
        int64_t fps_first_dts;
        int     fps_first_dts_idx;
        int64_t fps_last_dts;
        int     fps_last_dts_idx;

    } *info;

    int pts_wrap_bits; /**< number of bits in pts (used for wrapping control) */

#if FF_API_REFERENCE_DTS
    /* a hack to keep ABI compatibility for ffmpeg and other applications, which accesses parser even
     * though it should not */
    int64_t do_not_use;
#endif
    // Timestamp generation support:
    /**
     * Timestamp corresponding to the last dts sync point.
     *
     * Initialized when AVCodecParserContext.dts_sync_point >= 0 and
     * a DTS is received from the underlying container. Otherwise set to
     * AV_NOPTS_VALUE by default.
     */
    int64_t first_dts;
    int64_t cur_dts;
    int64_t last_IP_pts;
    int last_IP_duration;

    /**
     * Number of packets to buffer for codec probing
     */
#define MAX_PROBE_PACKETS 2500
    int probe_packets;

    /**
     * Number of frames that have been demuxed during av_find_stream_info()
     */
    int codec_info_nb_frames;

    /* av_read_frame() support */
    enum AVStreamParseType need_parsing;
    struct AVCodecParserContext *parser;

    /**
     * last packet in packet_buffer for this stream when muxing.
     */
    struct AVPacketList *last_in_packet_buffer;
    AVProbeData probe_data;
#define MAX_REORDER_DELAY 16
    int64_t pts_buffer[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];

    AVIndexEntry *index_entries; /**< Only used if the format does not
                                    support seeking natively. */
    int nb_index_entries;
    unsigned int index_entries_allocated_size;

    /**
     * Real base framerate of the stream.
     * This is the lowest framerate with which all timestamps can be
     * represented accurately (it is the least common multiple of all
     * framerates in the stream). Note, this value is just a guess!
     * For example, if the time base is 1/90000 and all frames have either
     * approximately 3600 or 1800 timer ticks, then r_frame_rate will be 50/1.
     *
     * Code outside avformat should access this field using:
     * av_stream_get/set_r_frame_rate(stream)
     */
    AVRational r_frame_rate;

    /**
     * Stream Identifier
     * This is the MPEG-TS stream identifier +1
     * 0 means unknown
     */
    int stream_identifier;

    int64_t interleaver_chunk_size;
    int64_t interleaver_chunk_duration;

    /**
     * stream probing state
     * -1   -> probing finished
     *  0   -> no probing requested
     * rest -> perform probing with request_probe being the minimum score to accept.
     * NOT PART OF PUBLIC API
     */
    int request_probe;
    /**
     * Indicates that everything up to the next keyframe
     * should be discarded.
     */
    int skip_to_keyframe;

    /**
     * Number of samples to skip at the start of the frame decoded from the next packet.
     */
    int skip_samples;

    /**
     * Number of internally decoded frames, used internally in libavformat, do not access
     * its lifetime differs from info which is why it is not in that structure.
     */
    int nb_decoded_frames;

    /**
     * Timestamp offset added to timestamps before muxing
     * NOT PART OF PUBLIC API
     */
    int64_t mux_ts_offset;

    /**
     * Internal data to check for wrapping of the time stamp
     */
    int64_t pts_wrap_reference;

    /**
     * Options for behavior, when a wrap is detected.
     *
     * Defined by AV_PTS_WRAP_ values.
     *
     * If correction is enabled, there are two possibilities:
     * If the first time stamp is near the wrap point, the wrap offset
     * will be subtracted, which will create negative time stamps.
     * Otherwise the offset will be added.
     */
    int pts_wrap_behavior;

    /**
     * Internal data to prevent doing update_initial_durations() twice
     */
    int update_initial_durations_done;

    /**
     * Internal data to generate dts from pts
     */
    int64_t pts_reorder_error[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];
    uint8_t pts_reorder_error_count[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];

    /**
     * Internal data to analyze DTS and detect faulty mpeg streams
     */
    int64_t last_dts_for_order_check;
    uint8_t dts_ordered;
    uint8_t dts_misordered;

    /**
     * Internal data to inject global side data
     */
    int inject_global_side_data;

} AVStream;