NSCache
是苹果提供的一个专门用来做缓存的类
使用和 NSMutableDictionary
非常相似
是线程安全的
当内存不足
的时候,会自动清理缓存
程序开始时,可以指定缓存的数量
& 成本
取值
- (id)objectForKey:(id)key;
设置对象,0成本
- (void)setObject:(id)obj forKey:(id)key;
设置对象并指定成本
- (void)setObject:(id)obj forKey:(id)key cost:(NSUInteger)g;
成本示例,以图片为例:
方案一:缓存 100
张图片
方案二:总缓存成本设定为 10M
,以图片的 宽 * 高
当作成本,图像像素
。这样,无论缓存的多少张照片,只要像素值超过 10M,就会自动清理
结论:在缓存图像时,使用成本,比单纯设置数量要科学!
删除
- (void)removeObjectForKey:(id)key;
删除全部(不要使用!)
- (void)removeAllObjects;
@property NSUInteger totalCostLimit;
缓存总成本
@property NSUInteger countLimit;
缓存总数量
@property BOOL evictsObjectsWithDiscardedContent;
是否自动清理缓存,默认是 YES
定义缓存属性
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSCache *cache;
懒加载并设置限制
- (NSCache *)cache { if (_cache == nil) { _cache = [[NSCache alloc] init]; _cache.delegate = self; _cache.countLimit = 10; } return _cache; }
触摸事件添加缓存
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) { NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", i]; NSLog(@"set -> %@", str); [self.cache setObject:str forKey:@(i)]; NSLog(@"set -> %@ over", str); } // 遍历缓存 NSLog(@"------"); for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) { NSLog(@"%@", [self.cache objectForKey:@(i)]); } }// 代理方法,仅供观察使用,开发时不建议重写此方法 - (void)cache:(NSCache *)cache willEvictObject:(id)obj { NSLog(@"remove -> %@", obj); }
修改图像缓冲池类型,并移动到 .h
中,以便后续测试
/// 图像缓冲池@property (nonatomic, strong) NSCache *imageCache;
修改懒加载,并设置数量限制
- (NSCache *)imageCache { if (_imageCache == nil) { _imageCache = [[NSCache alloc] init]; _imageCache.countLimit = 15; } return _imageCache; }
修改其他几处代码,将 self.imageCache[URLString]
替换为 [self.imageCache setObject:image forKey:URLString];
测试缓存中的图片变化
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { for (AppInfo *app in self.appList) { NSLog(@"%@ %@", [[DownloadImageManager sharedManager].imageCache objectForKey:app.icon], app.name); } }
注册通知,监听内存警告
- (instancetype)init
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
// 注册通知
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(clearMemory) name:UIApplicationDidReceiveMemoryWarningNotification object:nil];
}
return self;
}
// 提示:虽然执行不到,但是写了也无所谓 良好的代码习惯
- (void)dealloc {
// 删除通知
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self];
}
清理内存
- (void)clearMemory {
NSLog(@"%s", __FUNCTION__);
// 取消所有下载操作
[self.downloadQueue cancelAllOperations];
// 删除缓冲池
[self.operationChache removeAllObjects];
}
注意:内存警告或者超出限制后,缓存中的任何对象,都有可能被清理。使用 NSCache 做缓存一定要保证能够有恢复的通道!
NSCache bug
#import "ViewController.h"
@interface ViewController ()<NSCacheDelegate>
@property(nonatomic,strong) NSCache *cache;
@end
@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark 懒加载
-(NSCache *)cache{
if(!_cache){
_cache = [[NSCache alloc] init];
//设置最大数量
_cache.countLimit = 10;
_cache.delegate = self;
}
return _cache;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
[self demo];
}
-(void)demo{
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",i];
NSLog(@"add %@",str);
[self.cache setObject:str forKey:@(i)];
}
//输出
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
NSLog(@"%@",[self.cache objectForKey:@(i)]);
}
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
//清空所有缓存,bug不靠谱,手动清空之后无法再加入
[self.cache removeAllObjects];
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}
#pragma mark delegate
-(void)cache:(NSCache *)cache willEvictObject:(id)obj{
//不推荐在这里写耗时操作
//模拟耗时操作
// [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
//将要驱逐对象
NSLog(@"evict %@",obj);
}
@end