Hibernate学习1--SpringMVC+Hibernate集成环境搭建
除了刚毕业那会用了几个月的hibernate好像好久都没有碰过了，正好最近在整理以前的学习笔记就把这块知识系统的学习一下，特别是hibernate和ibatis的对比应该对我现在做的东西有很大的帮助。
这个博客可能会是一个系列，今天是第一篇，搭建环境篇。由于以前的环境是springmvc+maven的环境，所以本系列博客就采用springmvc+hibernate的环境。
1 maven环境的jar包依赖，我这里采用的是spring3.2.2的版本和Hibernte的4.2.0的版本（pom.xml）
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate start--> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>4.2.0.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate end-->
2 springMvc的配置（web.xml）
<!--spring mvc 配置 start--> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!--spring mvc 配置 end-->
3 Spring代理Hibernate的配置，正常来说，hibernate应该有自己的配置文件的，里面配置数据源信息及hibernate的属性设置，但是我们使用了spring就可以把相关配置放到spirng里了。（spring-servlet.xml）
<!--配置数据源--> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://XXXX:3306/zz_test"/> <property name="username" value="XXXX"/> <property name="password" value="XXXX"/> </bean> <!--配置hibernate--> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> <property name="mappingResources"> <list> <value>com/XXX/test/hibernate/studentTest/Student.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
4 接下来就是hibernate的业务配置文件了（Student.hbm.xml）
<hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.XXX.test.hibernate.studentTest.Student" table="student1" schema="zz_test"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id"> <generator class="identity" /> </id> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="name" length="16" /> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
对应的表结构为
5 Student的DO和相关DAO实现如下（Student.java，StudentDAO.java）
public class Student implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
public Student() {
super();
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
@Service
public class StudentDAO {
@Autowired
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session session=null;
public void init() {
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
}
public void save(Student student) {
Transaction tran = session.getTransaction();
tran.begin();
session.save(student);
tran.commit();
}
public void update(Student student) {
Transaction tran = session.getTransaction();
tran.begin();
session.update(student);
tran.commit();
}
public void delete(Integer id) {
String hql = "delete from Student o where o.id = ?";
Transaction tran = session.getTransaction();
tran.begin();
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
query.setParameter(0, id);
query.executeUpdate();
tran.commit();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public Student getModel(Integer id) {
String hql = "from Student o where id = :id";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
query.setParameter("id", id);
List list = query.list();
if (list != null && list.size() == 1) {
return (Student) list.get(0);
} else {
return null;
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List getPagination(int maxResults, int firstResult) {
String hql = "from Student o";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
query.setFirstResult(firstResult);
query.setMaxResults(maxResults);
return query.list();
}
}
6 前台的调用方法如下(StudentController.java)
@Controller
public class StudentController {
@Autowired
StudentDAO studentDAO;
@RequestMapping(value = "/student/test.do" )
public String test(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
studentDAO.init();
//添加
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("Tao" + i);
studentDAO.save(student);
}
//删除
studentDAO.delete(2);
// 修改
Student student = new Student();
student.setId(4);
studentDAO.update(student);
// 单个查询
Student s = studentDAO.getModel(4);
System.out.println(s.getName());
// 分布查询
List list = studentDAO.getPagination(4, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
Student std = (Student) list.get(i);
System.out.println(std.getName());
}
return "success";
}
}
总结一下，以上就是基本的运行环境了，以后的代码都是在这个环境的基础上进行展开。主要是maven的依赖，spring代理hibernate的配置及hibernate的DO和数据库的映射。当然Hibernate这么流行，其功能不可能只有这些，以后我们会探讨一些更深入的知识。
另外 下面这两句的配置会在console端打印出相关的调用sql语句，对于代码的调试有很大帮助。
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
下面是一些其他的hibernate属性配置
<!--数据库连接池的大小--> <property name="hibernate.connection.pool.size">20</property> <!--是否在后台显示Hibernate用到的SQL语句，开发时设置为true，便于差错，程序运行时可以在Eclipse的控制台显示Hibernate的执行Sql语句。项目部署后可以设置为false，提高运行效率--> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <!--jdbc.fetch_size是指Hibernate每次从数据库中取出并放到JDBC的Statement中的记录条数。Fetch Size设的越大，读数据库的次数越少，速度越快，Fetch Size越小，读数据库的次数越多，速度越慢--> <property name="jdbc.fetch_size">50</property> <!--jdbc.batch_size是指Hibernate批量插入,删除和更新时每次操作的记录数。Batch Size越大，批量操作的向数据库发送Sql的次数越少，速度就越快，同样耗用内存就越大--> <property name="jdbc.batch_size">23</property> <!--jdbc.use_scrollable_resultset是否允许Hibernate用JDBC的可滚动的结果集。对分页的结果集。对分页时的设置非常有帮助--> <property name="jdbc.use_scrollable_resultset">false</property> <!--connection.useUnicode连接数据库时是否使用Unicode编码--> <property name="Connection.useUnicode">true</property> <!--connection.characterEncoding连接数据库时数据的传输字符集编码方式，最好设置为gbk，用gb2312有的字符不全--> <property name="connection.characterEncoding">gbk</property>
另外，dilletc是用来配置hibernte的方言的，我们这里用的是mysql所以按照如下配置，
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
Hibenate的还支持以下方言
| DB2 | org.hibernate.dialect.DB2Dialect |
| DB2 AS/400 | org.hibernate.dialect.DB2400Dialect |
| DB2 OS390 | org.hibernate.dialect.DB2390Dialect |
| PostgreSQL | org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect |
| MySQL | org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect |
| MySQL with InnoDB | org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect |
| MySQL with MyISAM | org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect |
| Oracle (any version) | org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect |
| Oracle 9i/10g | org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect |
| Sybase | org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseDialect |
| Sybase Anywhere | org.hibernate.dialect.SybaseAnywhereDialect |
| Microsoft SQL Server | org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServerDialect |
| SAP DB | org.hibernate.dialect.SAPDBDialect |
| Informix | org.hibernate.dialect.InformixDialect |
| HypersonicSQL | org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect |
| Ingres | org.hibernate.dialect.IngresDialect |
| Progress | org.hibernate.dialect.ProgressDialect |
| Mckoi SQL | org.hibernate.dialect.MckoiDialect |
| Interbase | org.hibernate.dialect.InterbaseDialect |
| Pointbase | org.hibernate.dialect.PointbaseDialect |
| FrontBase | org.hibernate.dialect.FrontbaseDialect |
| Firebird | org.hibernate.dialect.FirebirdDialect |