Postfix是Wietse Venema在 IBM的 GPL协议之下开发的 MTA(邮件传输代理)软件。
在Internet世界中,大部分的电子邮件都是通过sendmail来投递的,大约有100万用户使用sendmail,每天投递上亿封邮件。这真实一个让人吃惊的数字。Postfix试图更快、更容易管理、更安全,同时还与sendmail保持足够的兼容性。
一、安装前的准备工作:
1、安装所需的rpm包:
- yum install -y httpd php php-mysql mysql mysql-server mysql-devel openssl-devel
- dovecot perl-DBD-MySQL tcl tcl-devel libart_lgpl libart_lgpl-devel
//它们处于不同的作用,在出现问题时应分开判断是那个文件的影响!
2、关闭sendmail,并将它的随系统自动启动功能关闭:
# service sendmail stop
# chkconfig sendmail off
//因为系统运行需要邮件服务的提供,所以最后在没有安装postfix之前,请不要#rpm -e sendmail;
3、安装以下开发所用到的rpm包组:
- #yum groupinstall -y "Development Libraries"
- "Development Tools"
- "Legacy Software Development"
- "X Software Development"
4、启动mysql数据库,并给mysql的root用户设置密码:
- #service mysqld start
- #chkconfig mysqld on
- #mysqladmin -uroot password '123456'
- #mysql -uroot -p
- enter--> 123456 //简单测试
5、启动saslauthd服务,并将其加入到自动启动队列:
# service saslauthd start
//启用smtp认证
# chkconfig saslauthd on
二、安装配置postfix
- # groupadd -g 2525 postfix
- # useradd -g postfix -u 2525 -s /sbin/nologin -M postfix
- # groupadd -g 2526 postdrop
- # useradd -g postdrop -u 2526 -s /bin/false -M postdrop
- # tar zxvf postfix-2.6.5.tar.gz
- # cd postfix-2.6.5
- # make makefiles 'CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/include/mysql -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -I/usr/include/sasl -DUSE_TLS ' 'AUXLIBS= -L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -L/usr/lib/sasl2 -lsasl2 -lssl -lcrypto'
- //编译时修改的一些参数 // 如果没有特殊需要,只作为邮件传输MTA应用,不必要添加此类参数;
- # make
- # make install
- //如果编译出错,检查出错情况,一般是有包忘了装,要不是参数路径错误;
【注释】:
xsasl_cyrus_server.c:598: error: 'SASL_OK' undeclared (first use in this function)
xsasl_cyrus_server.c:600: warning: format '%s' expects type 'char *', but argument 3 has type 'int'
xsasl_cyrus_server.c:603: error: 'XSASL_CYRUS_SERVER' has no member named 'username'
xsasl_cyrus_server.c:604: error: 'XSASL_CYRUS_SERVER' has no member named 'username'
xsasl_cyrus_server.c:605: error: 'XSASL_CYRUS_SERVER' has no member named 'username'
xsasl_cyrus_server.c:606: error: 'XSASL_CYRUS_SERVER' has no member named 'username'
xsasl_cyrus_server.c:607: error: 'XSASL_CYRUS_SERVER' has no member named 'username'
make: *** [xsasl_cyrus_server.o] Error 1
make: *** [update] Error 1
#
缺少cyrus认证包:有cyrus-sasl-md5 cyrus-sasl-lib cyrus-sasl-plain cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-devel //2010年12月01日更新
按照以下的提示输入相关的路径([]号中的是缺省值,”]”后的是输入值,省略的表示采用默认值)(可全部采用默认值)
- install_root: [/] /
- tempdir: [/root/postfix-2.6.5]
- config_directory: [/etc/postfix]
- command_directory: [/usr/sbin]
- daemon_directory: [/usr/libexec/postfix]
- data_directory: [/var/lib/postfix]
- html_directory: [no] /
- mail_owner: [postfix]
- mailq_path: [/usr/bin/mailq]
- manpage_directory: [/usr/local/man]
- newaliases_path: [/usr/bin/newaliases]
- queue_directory: [/var/spool/postfix]
- readme_directory: [no]
- sendmail_path: [/usr/sbin/sendmail]
- setgid_group: [postdrop]
(注意)生成别名二进制文件,这个步骤如果忽略,会造成postfix效率极低:
# newaliases
2.进行一些基本配置,测试启动postfix并进行发信
- #vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
- 修改以下几项为您需要的配置
- myhostname = mail.test.com
- myorigin = test.com
- mydomain = test.com
- mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
- mynetworks = 192.168.1.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8
说明:
myorigin参数用来指明发件人所在的域名;
mydestination参数指定postfix接收邮件时收件人的域名,即您的postfix系统要接收到哪个域名的邮件;
myhostname 参数指定运行postfix邮件系统的主机的主机名,默认情况下,其值被设定为本地机器名;
mydomain参数指定您的域名,默认情况下,postfix将myhostname的第一部分删除而作为mydomain的值;
mynetworks 参数指定你所在的网络的网络地址,postfix系统根据其值来区别用户是远程的还是本地的,如果是本地网络用户则允许其访问;
inet_interfaces 参数指定postfix系统监听的网络接口;
启动postfix
#/usr/sbin/postfix start
postfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system
连接postfix,验正服务启动状况:
- #netstat -tnlp | grep :25
- tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15497/master
- # telnet localhost 25
- Trying 127.0.0.1...
- Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
- Escape character is '^]'.
- 220 mail.test.com ESMTP Postfix
- ehlo mail.test.com //本postfix的hostname字段;
- 250-mail.test.com
- 250-PIPELINING
- 250-SIZE 10240000
- 250-VRFY
- 250-ETRN
- 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
- 250-8BITMIME
- 250 DSN
- mail from:[email protected] //输入发信人邮箱
- 250 2.1.0 Ok
- rcpt to:[email protected] //输入收信人邮箱
- 250 2.1.5 Ok
- data //输入邮件数据信息
- subject:Mail test! //输入邮件主题
- hello hanfeng!!! //输入邮件内容
- . //输入结束符.
- 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as C55863E016D
- quit //输入quit退出邮件系统
- 221 2.0.0 Bye
- Connection closed by foreign host.
- [root@station123 ~]#grep C55863E016D /var/log/maillog //查找发信状态
-
切换到hanfeng用户进行收信
- #su - hanfeng
- $mail
- Mail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help.
- "/var/spool/mail/hanfeng": 1 message 1 new
- >N 1 [email protected] Tue Sep 7 15:59 15/505 "Mail test!"
- & 1
- Message 1:
- From [email protected] Tue Sep 7 15:59:09 2010
- X-Original-To: [email protected]
- Delivered-To: [email protected]
- subject:Mail test!
- Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2010 15:57:02 +0800 (CST)
- From: [email protected]
- To: undisclosed-recipients:;
-
- hello hanfeng!!!
-
- & q
- Saved 1 message in mbox
- [hanfeng@station123 ~]$
- 测试成功
三、为postfix开启基于cyrus-sasl的认证功能
使用以下命令验正postfix是否支持cyrus风格的sasl认证,如果您的输出为以下结果,则是支持的:
# /usr/local/postfix/sbin/postconf -a
cyrus
dovecot
#vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
添加以下内容:
- ############################CYRUS-SASL############################
- broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
-
- smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks, //下一行与此行为同一行,下一行开头,空一格
- permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_invalid_hostname,
- reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_unknown_sender_domain,
- reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
- reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_unauth_destination
-
- smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
- smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
- smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
- smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
- smtpd_banner = Welcome to our $myhostname ESMTP,Warning: Version not Available!
2011年4月12日
更正:
smtpdsmtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
正确:
smtpd_sasl_application_name = smtpd
#vim /usr/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf
添加如下内容:
pwcheck_method: saslauthd
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN
让postfix重新加载配置文件
#/usr/sbin/postfix reload
postfix/postfix-script: refreshing the Postfix mail system
- # telnet localhost 25
- Trying 127.0.0.1...
- Connected to localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1).
- Escape character is '^]'.
- 220 Welcome to our mail.test.com ESMTP,Warning: Version not Available!
- ehlo mail.test.com
- 250-mail.test.com
- 250-PIPELINING
- 250-SIZE 10240000
- 250-VRFY
- 250-ETRN
- 250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
- 250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN //(请确保您的输出以类似两行)
- 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
- 250-8BITMIME
- 250 DSN
- quit //quit退出即可
四、安装Courier authentication library
- # tar jxvf courier-authlib-0.62.4.tar.bz2
- # cd courier-authlib-0.62.4
- #./configure
- --prefix=/usr/local/courier-authlib
- --sysconfdir=/etc
- --with-authmysql
- --with-mysql-libs=/usr/lib/mysql
- --with-mysql-includes=/usr/include/mysql
- --with-redhat
- --with-authmysqlrc=/etc/authmysqlrc
- --with-authdaemonrc=/etc/authdaemonrc
- CFLAGS="-march=i686 -O2 -fexpensive-optimizations"
- CXXFLAGS="-march=i686 -O2 -fexpensive-optimizations"
- # make
- # make install
# chmod 755 /usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon
# cp /etc/authdaemonrc.dist /etc/authdaemonrc
# cp /etc/authmysqlrc.dist /etc/authmysqlrc
修改#vim /etc/authdaemonrc 文件
- authmodulelist="authmysql"
- authmodulelistorig="authmysql"
- daemons=10
编辑#vim /etc/authmysqlrc 为以下内容,其中2525,2525 为postfix 用户的UID和GID。
- MYSQL_SERVER localhost
- MYSQL_PORT 3306 (指定你的mysql监听的端口,这里使用默认的3306)
- MYSQL_USERNAME extmail (这时为后文要用的数据库的所有者的用户名)
- MYSQL_PASSWORD extmail (密码)
- MYSQL_SOCKET /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- MYSQL_DATABASE extmail
- MYSQL_USER_TABLE mailbox
- MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD password
- MYSQL_UID_FIELD '2525'
- MYSQL_GID_FIELD '2525'
- MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD username
- MYSQL_HOME_FIELD concat('/var/mailbox/',homedir)
- MYSQL_NAME_FIELD name
- MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD concat('/var/mailbox/',maildir)
-
- !!!保证此文件的内容不能有错,否则不能启用postfix与mysql的连接;
# cp courier-authlib.sysvinit /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/courier-authlib
# chkconfig --add courier-authlib
# chkconfig --level 2345 courier-authlib on
#echo "/usr/local/courier-authlib/lib/courier-authlib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
# ldconfig -v
# service courier-authlib start (启动服务)
Starting Courier authentication services: authdaemond (可信的, 可靠的)
新建虚拟用户邮箱所在的目录,并将其权限赋予postfix用户:
#mkdir �Cpv /var/mailbox
#chown �CR postfix /var/mailbox
接下来重新配置SMTP 认证,编辑 /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf ,确保其为以下内容:
pwcheck_method: authdaemond
log_level: 3
mech_list:PLAIN LOGIN
authdaemond_path:/usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket
五、让postfix支持虚拟域和虚拟用户
1、编辑 #vim/etc/postfix/main.cf,添加如下内容:
- ########################Virtual Mailbox Settings########################
- virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox
- virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
- virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
- virtual_alias_domains =
- virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
- virtual_uid_maps = static:2525
- virtual_gid_maps = static:2525
- virtual_transport = virtual
- maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1
- maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit = 1
- ##########################QUOTA Settings########################
- message_size_limit = 14336000
- virtual_mailbox_limit = 20971520
- virtual_create_maildirsize = yes
- virtual_mailbox_extended = yes
- virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
- virtual_mailbox_limit_override=yes
- virtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry, the user's maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota, try again later.
- virtual_overquota_bounce = yes
-
2011年4月12日
更正:
virtual
virtual_transport
= virtual
正确:
virtual_transport
= virtual
2、使用extman源码目录下docs目录中的extmail.sql和init.sql建立数据库:
- # tar zxvf extman-1.1.tar.gz
- # cd extman-1.1/docs
- # mysql -u root -p <extmail.sql
- # mysql -u root -p <init.sql
- # cp mysql* /etc/postfix/
3、授予用户extmail访问extmail数据库的权限
- mysql> GRANT all privileges on extmail.* TO extmail@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'extmail';
- mysql> GRANT all privileges on extmail.* TO [email protected] IDENTIFIED BY 'extmail'; 密码
说明:启用虚拟域以后,需要取消中心域,即注释掉myhostname, mydestination, mydomain, myorigin几个指令;
当然,你也可以把mydestionation的值改为你自己需要的。
#vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
注释掉myhostname, mydestination, mydomain, myorigin
六、配置dovecot
# vim /etc/dovecot.conf
- mail_location = maildir:/var/mailbox/%d/%n/Maildir
- ……
- auth default {
- mechanisms = plain
- passdb sql {
- args = /etc/dovecot-mysql.conf
- }
- userdb sql {
- args = /etc/dovecot-mysql.conf
- }
- ……
# vim /etc/dovecot-mysql.conf
driver = mysql
connect = [host=localhost dbname=extmail user=extmail password=extmail]
说明:"[]"内为同一行使用时去掉"[]",下同 2010年11月29日更新
default_pass_scheme = CRYPT
password_query = [SELECT username AS user,password AS password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u']
user_query = [SELECT maildir, uidnumber AS uid, gidnumber AS gid FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u']
接下来启动dovecot服务:
# service dovecot start
#netstat -tnlp | grep :110
tcp 0 0 :::110 :::* LISTEN 21456/dovecot
# chkconfig dovecot on
七、安装Extmail-1.2
1、安装
- # tar zxvf extmail-1.2.tar.gz
- # mkdir -pv /var/www/extsuite
- # mv extmail-1.2 /var/www/extsuite/extmail
- # cp /var/www/extsuite/extmail/webmail.cf.default /var/www/extsuite/extmail/webmail.cf
2、修改主配置文件
#vim /var/www/extsuite/extmail/webmail.cf
部分修改选项的说明:
- SYS_MESSAGE_SIZE_LIMIT = 5242880
- 用户可以发送的最大邮件
- SYS_USER_LANG = en_US
- 语言选项,可改作:
- SYS_USER_LANG = zh_CN
- SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /home/domains
- 此处即为您在前文所设置的用户邮件的存放目录,可改作:
- SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /var/mailbox
- SYS_MYSQL_USER = db_user
- SYS_MYSQL_PASS = db_pass
- 以上两句句用来设置连接数据库服务器所使用用户名、密码和邮件服务器用到的数据库,这里修改为:
- SYS_MYSQL_USER = extmail
- SYS_MYSQL_PASS = extmail
- SYS_MYSQL_HOST = localhost
- 指明数据库服务器主机名,这里默认即可
- SYS_MYSQL_TABLE = mailbox
- SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_USERNAME = username
- SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_DOMAIN = domain
- SYS_MYSQL_ATTR_PASSWD = password
- 以上用来指定验正用户登录里所用到的表,以及用户名、域名和用户密码分别对应的表中列的名称;这里默认即可
- SYS_AUTHLIB_SOCKET = /var/spool/authdaemon/socket
- 此句用来指明authdaemo socket文件的位置,这里修改为:
- SYS_AUTHLIB_SOCKET = /usr/local/courier-authlib/var/spool/authdaemon/socket
3、apache相关配置
由于extmail要进行本地邮件的投递操作,故必须将运行apache服务器用户的身份修改为您的邮件投递代理的用户;
本例中打开了apache服务器的suexec功能,故使用以下方法来实现虚拟主机运行身份的指定。
此例中的MDA为postfix自带,因此将指定为postfix用户:
- #vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- <VirtualHost *:80>
- ServerName mail.test.com
- DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/
- ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi
- Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html
- SuexecUserGroup postfix postfix
- </VirtualHost>
修改 cgi执行文件属主为apache运行身份用户:
# chown -R postfix.postfix /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi/
如果您没有打开apache服务器的suexec功能,也可以使用以下方法解决:
- # vi /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
- User postfix
- Group postfix
- <VirtualHost *:80>
- ServerName mail.test.com
- DocumentRoot /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html/
- ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extmail/cgi
- Alias /extmail /var/www/extsuite/extmail/html
- </VirtualHost>
4、依赖关系的解决
extmail将会用到perl的Unix::syslogd功能,您可以去 http://search.cpan.org搜索下载原码包进行安装。
- # tar zxvf Unix-Syslog-0.100.tar.gz
- # cd Unix-Syslog-0.100
- # perl Makefile.PL
- # make
- # make install
5、启动apache服务
# service httpd start
# chkconfig httpd on
八、安装Extman-1.1
1、安装及基本配置
# tar zxvf extman-1.1.tar.gz
# mv extman-1.1 /var/www/extsuite/extman
修改配置文件以符合本例的需要:
# cp /var/www/extsuite/extman/webman.cf.default /var/www/extsuite/extman/webman.cf
# vi /var/www/extsuite/extman/webman.cf
SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /home/domains
此处即为您在前文所设置的用户邮件的存放目录,可改作:
SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /var/mailbox
修改cgi目录的属主:
# chown -R postfix.postfix /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi/
在apache的主配置文件中Extmail的虚拟主机部分,添加如下两行:
#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
ScriptAlias /extman/cgi /var/www/extsuite/extman/cgi
Alias /extman /var/www/extsuite/extman/html
创建其运行时所需的临时目录,并修改其相应的权限:
#mkdir -pv /tmp/extman
#chown postfix.postfix /tmp/extman
修改 vim /var/www/extsuite/extman/webman.cf
SYS_CAPTCHA_ON = 1
为
SYS_CAPTCHA_ON = 0
好了,到此为止,重新启动apache服务器后,您的Webmail和Extman已经可以使用了,可以在浏览器中输入指定的虚拟主机的名称进行访问,如下:
http://mail.test.com 或者 http://192.168.0.123 本机IP 或者 http://localhost
选择管理即可登入extman进行后台管理了。默认管理帐号为:
[email protected] 密码为:extmail*123*
2011-09-12 新增 postfix的 sys v 风格启动脚本
vim /etc/init.d/postfix
#!/bin/bash
#
# version 0.2
#name postfix script
#author hanfeng
# chkconfig: 2345
#
# processname: mailsys
# pidfile: /var/run/postfix.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -f /usr/sbin/postfix ] || exit 0
RETVAL=0
prog="Postfix"
start() {
# Start daemons.
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
/usr/sbin/postfix start > /dev/null 2>&1 &
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then
touch /var/lock/subsys/postfix
success $"$prog start"
else
failure $"$prog start failure"
fi
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
# Stop daemons.
echo -n $"Shutting down $prog: "
/usr/sbin/postfix stop > /dev/null 2>&1 &
RETVAL=$?
if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/postfix
success $"$prog stop"
else
failure $"$prog stop failure"
fi
echo
return $RETVAL
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart|reload)
stop
start
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVA
--------------------------------------------
添加服务到系统
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/postfix
#chkconfig --add postfix
# chkconfig --level 2345 postfix on
#service postfix restart
--------------------------------------------
新增说明:2011-11-24
优化邮件服务器内核
将一下内容追加到 /etc/sysctl.conf 中
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
kernel.shmmax = 134217728
执行以下命令使本次修改生效
#sysctl -p
----------------------------------------------
总结:由于笔者今天事太多了,又是第一次采用代码方式书写的blog,其中可能有疏忽错误之处,敬请指教;
在以后可能还会续写用图型化来监控extmail的使用流量;所用包均在官方网站能够downloads;
提供技术支持;
以下为extmail使用的附加图片仅供参考: