cisco ios 升级方法和TFTP的用法

升级方法: 
现总结归纳出CISCO路由器IOS映像升级的几种方法,供广大网络爱好者或同仁参考。在介绍CISCO路由器IOS升级方法前,有必要对Cisco路由器的存储器的相关知识作以简单介绍。路由器与计算机相似,它也有内存和操作系统。在Cisco路由器中,其操作系统叫做互连网操作系统(Internetwork Operating System),常简称为IOS.路由器的存储器主要有: 
ROM:只读存储器包含路由器正在使用的IOS的一份副本; 

RAM:IOS将随机访问存储器分成共享和主存。主要用来存储运行中的路由器配置和与路由协议有关的IOS数据结构; 

FLASH (闪存):用来存储IOS软件映像文件,闪存是可以擦除内存,它能够用IOS的新版本覆写,IOS升级主要是闪存中的IOS映像文件进行更换。 

NVRAM:非易失性随机访问存储器,用来存储系统的配置文件。 

IOS升级方法一 

在对能够正常启动的CISCO路由器的IOS进行升级时,比较简单。具体步骤如下: 

1、寻找一种TFTP服务器软件(有CISCO公司的TFTPServer或3COM公司的3Cserver等,在升级较大IOS映象文件时,建议用3Cserver),安装在一台计算机上,将要升级的IOS映象文件拷贝到相关的目录中(例:D:\),并运行TFTP服务器软件,通过菜单设置Root目录为拷贝IOS映象文件所在目录(如D:\)。假设该计算机的IP地址为10.32.10.1; 

2、连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC的超级终端软件访问路由器,将路由器的地址设为10.32.10.32(与计算机的IP地址同网段即可)。建议在进行IOS升级前将原有IOS文件备份下来,防止待升级的IOS文件存在问题不可用; 

QUOTE:Router# dir flash: (查看目前IOS映象文件名,也可用Router#Show version) 

Directory of flash:/ 

1 -rw- 5998292 C2600-I-MZ.122-11.BIN 

8388608 bytes total (2390252 bytes free) 

Router#copy flash tftp (备份IOS文件) 

Source filename []?c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin 

Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址) 

Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]? 

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

… 

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

5998292 bytes copied in 324.071 secs (18509 bytes/sec) 

Router# 3、对路由器进行IOS升级; 

QUOTE:Router#copy tftp flash 

Address or name of remote host []? 10.32.10.1 (TFTP服务器地址) 

Source filename []? c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin (需升级的新IOS映象文件名) 

Destination filename [c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin]? 

Do you want to over write? [confirm] 

Accessing tftp://10.32.10.1/c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin…… 

Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] 

Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] 

Erasing device…… eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ……erasedee 

Erase of flash: complete 

Loading c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin from 10.32.10.1 (via Ethernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 

[OK - 5998292 bytes] 

Verifying checksum…… OK (0xA0C0) 

5998292 bytes copied in 318.282 secs (18846 bytes/sec) 

Router# IOS升级方法二 

由于升级失败后或者路由器的config-register寄存器值为0x2101时,开启路由器时、或者在开启(某些型号)Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即Router(boot)>,在这种情形下,对路由器的IOS进行升级,也比较简单。首先进入特权模式下,即 

QUOTE:Router(boot)>en 

Router(boot)#其他升级步骤同方法一,即:执行copy tftp flash命令,对IOS进行升级。升级完成后,不要忘了修改config-register寄存器值为0x2102(恢复正常值)。 

QUOTE:Router(boot)# t 

Router(boot)( config)# config-register 0x2102 

Router(boot)( config)#exit 

Router(boot)#wr 

Router(boot)#reload重启即可。 

IOS升级方法三 

由于不小心使用了命令erase flash或升级失败后或在开启(某些型号)Cisco路由器的电源开关后30秒内按下Ctrl+break键,中断路由器的正常启动,路由器都会进入rom监视模式,即 rommon 1>,在这种情形下,对路由器的IOS进行升级,情况要稍微复杂一点。在rommon 1>状态下,可键?请求帮助。(1为命令行序号,每执行1条命令自动加1) 

QUOTE:rommon 1 > ? 

alias set and display aliases command 

boot boot up an external process 

break set/show/clear the breakpoint 

confreg configuration register utility 

cont continue executing a downloaded image 

context display the context of a loaded image 

cookie display contents of cookie PROM in hex 

dev list the device table 

dir list files in file system 

dis display instruction stream 

dnld serial download a program module 

frame print out a selected stack frame 

help monitor builtin command help 

history monitor command history 

meminfo main memory information 

repeat repeat a monitor command 

reset system reset 

set display the monitor variables 

stack produce a stack trace 

sync write monitor environment to NVRAM 

sysret print out info from last system return 

tftpdnld tftp image download 

unalias unset an alias 

unset unset a monitor variable 

xmodem x/ymodem image download 

rommon 2 >在rommon 1>状态下有两种升级IOS方法。 

(一)、通过Xmodem命令(注:Xmodem与实际的modem没有任何联系 只是一个传输协议 数据是通过终端的串口和路由器的Console口灌进去的)升级IOS,具体步骤如下: 

1、用Cisco原配的线缆连接路由器的console口与PC机的COM1,使用PC机的超级终端软件访问路由器,这时不需要对PC和路由器配置任何地址。 

2、在这个模式下,输入Xmodem命令,即: 

QUOTE:rommon 2 > xmodem -c c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin 

(-c是带校验,c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin为存放在PC机上的IOS映像文件) 

WARNING: All existing data in bootflash will be lost! 

Invoke this application only for disaster recovery. 

Do you wish to continue? y/n [n]: y Ready to receive file c2600-i-mz.122-11.bin …… (此时在超级终端的传送栏目=> 选择发送文件选项 => 再选择Xmodem 并指明IOS映像文件所在的路径,按发送即开始上传IOS,等待时间很长,视IOS的大小和传输速度。) 

QUOTE:Erasing flash at 0x607c0000 

program flash location 0x605b0000 

Download Complete! 

传完以后,对整个系统初始化 显示如下: 

QUOTE:program load complete, entry point: 0x80008000, size: 0x5b85e0 

Self decompressing the image : 

[OK] 

Smart Init is disabled. IOMEM set to: 10 

Using iomem percentage: 10 

Restricted Rights Legend 

Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is 

subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph 

(c) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted 

Rights clause at FAR sec. 52.227-19 and subparagraph 

(c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer 

Software clause at DFARS sec. 252.227-7013. 

cisco Systems, Inc. 

170 West Tasman Drive 

San Jose, California 95134-1706 

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software 

IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) 

TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac 

Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc. 

Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong 

Image text-base: 0x8000809C, data-base: 0x80A68B48 

cisco 2610 (MPC860) processor (revision 0x203) with 22528K/2048K bytes of memory 

Processor board ID JAD03483395 (1128032249) 

M860 processor: part number 0, mask 49 

Bridging software. 

X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 

1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 

2 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s) 

32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 

8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) 

Press RETURN to get started! 

*Mar 1 00:00:05.652: %PA-2-UNDEFPA: Undefined Port Adaptor type 100 in bay 1 

*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up 

*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down 

*Mar 1 00:00:07.996: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down 

*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up 

*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down 

*Mar 1 00:00:09.142: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/1, changed state to down 

*Mar 1 00:00:09.458: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from memory by console 

*Mar 1 00:00:11.245: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/1, changed state to administratively down 

*Mar 1 00:00:12.275: %SYS-5-RESTART: System restarted ——Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software 

IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.2(11)T9, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) 

TAC Support: http://www.cisco.com/tac 

Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc. 

Compiled Mon 23-Jun-03 15:42 by cmong 

*Mar 1 00:00:12.279: %SNMP-5-COLDSTART: SNMP agent on host NE16 is undergoing a cold start

 

TFTP的用法

首先是下载个TFTP软件,这是前提,有了软件,运行好,做一定简单设置后便可,我这主要讲在路由里的具体操作!

第一步
进入路由器,设置一端口的IP地址,让他于TFTP服务器的ip在同一网段内!

第二步
Router#copy tftp startup-config
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.181
Source filename []? cisco207-confg
Destination filename [startup-config]?

Router#copy flash tftp
Source filename []? c2500-js-l.122-13.bin
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.185
Destination filename [c2500-js-l.122-13.bin]? 

基本的格式是
copy 源位置 目标位置

记住格式,其他的操作都类似!

当你在flash中注入更新的IOS的后,show flash后会出现2个ios,这时候,怎么

让设备运行刚注入的新的IOS呢,这是就必需更改开机调用的顺序。

Router#show flash

System flash directory:
file   length   Name/status
   1   222222   c2500-js-l.122-13.bin
   2   333333   c2600-js-l.122-13.bin
8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

这时候如何设置呢?

Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.   End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#boot sy
Router(config)#boot system fa
Router(config)#boot system fl
Router(config)#boot system flash c2600-js-l.122-13.bin
Router(config)#exit

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