Nginx+Php(FastCGI、Php-fpm)+Mysql+Zend+Memcache+Phpmyadmin+MongoDB+TT安装
=== 源码包下载 ===
wget http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.2.tar.gz
wget http://www.danga.com/memcached/dist/memcached-1.2.0.tar.gz
wget http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-1.8.0-rc2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.8.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.9.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.stu.edu.tw/
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
wget http://mirror.provenscaling.com/mysql/enterprise/source/5.0/mysql-5.0.70.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.6.tgz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/mongo-1.0.8.tgz #php的mongodb模块
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/phpmyadmin/phpMyAdmin/3.3.9.2/phpMyAdmin-3.3.9.2-all-languages.tar.gz
=== 安装相关依赖包 ===yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
=== 安装MYSQL ===
1)编译安装
tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.70.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.70
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg,sphinx
make && make install
2)创建mysql数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data/mysql/
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
3)创建mysqld目录
mkdir -p /var/run/mysqld
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld
4)添加mysqld启动文件
cd /opt/mysql5
cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
5)修改/etc/my.cnf文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
a、找到[mysqld],添加以下参数：
datadir = /data/mysql //数据存放目录
basedir = /opt/mysql5 //mysql安装目录
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid //pid文件存放目录
skip-name-resolve //取消dns解析
b、在文件末尾添加以下参数：
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysqld.log //设置错误日志存放路径
6)以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据库：
/opt/mysql5/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
chmod -R 755 /data/mysql
7)将mysql命令添加到环境变量中，添加以下参数
vi /etc/profile
PATH=$PATH:/opt/mysql5/bin
export PATH
保存退出执行：source /etc/profile 即可。
7)启动mysql数据库
/opt/mysql5/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & 或者 service mysqld start
=== memcached 安装 ===
1、先安装libevent
tar zxvf libevent-1.2.tar.gz
cd libevent-1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr
make && make install
测试libevent是否安装成功：
ls -al /usr/lib | grep libevent
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 11？？ 12 17：38 libevent-1.2.so.1 -> libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 263546 11？？ 12 17：38 libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 454156 11？？ 12 17：38 libevent.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 811 11？？ 12 17：38 libevent.la
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 11？？ 12 17：38 libevent.so -> libevent-1.2.so.1.0.3
以上信息表示安装成功。
2、安装memcached，需指定libevent安装的位置
tar zxvf memcached-1.2.0.tar.gz
cd memcached-1.2.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr
make && make install
3、启动memcached
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -m 64 -p 11212 -u root -l 127.0.0.1 -d
4、加入开机启动
echo "/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -m 64 -p 11212 -u root -l 127.0.0.1 -d" >> /etc/rc.local
5、安装memcache php模块
tar vxzf memcache-2.2.6.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.6
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
安装完后会有类似这样的提示：
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613
然后修改php的配置文件，php.ini
extension_dir = “/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”
extension=memcache.so
重启apache
然后写个php的脚本测试一下：
<?php
$memcache = new Memcache; //创建一个memcache对象
$memcache->connect('localhost', 11211) or die ("Could not connect"); //连接Memcached服务器
$memcache->set('key', 'test'); //设置一个变量到内存中，名称是key 值是test
$get_value = $memcache->get('key'); //从内存中取出key的值
echo $get_value;
?>
=== Fast-cgi模式安装PHP ===
1、安装PHP所需的支持库
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make && make install
2、FastCGI模式安装PHP
tar zxvf php-5.2.8.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.8-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.8 -p1
cd php-5.2.8/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
3、安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
注：mongoDB服务端安装文档：
http://blog.163.com/leijie131421@126/blog/static/42411145201111135823275/
tar xf mongo-1.0.8.tgz
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
安装后在php.ini文件中添加extension="mongo.so"
查看是否启用：php -m 如出现mongo即成功
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make && make install
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make && make install
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make && make install
4、修改php.ini文件
将extension_dir = "./" 修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
将output_buffering = Off 修改为 On
在文章末尾添加扩展模块
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
5、配置eAccelerator加速PHP
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
在/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini文件末尾添加以下配置:
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
修改配置文件 vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmax = 134217728
让配置生效:/sbin/sysctl -p
添加www用户
groupadd www
useradd -g www -s /sbin/nologin www
6、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section name="global_options">
Pid file
<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file
<value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level
<value name="log_level">notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value name="name">default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog
<value name="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<value name="mode">0666</value>
</value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value name="php_defines">
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">1</value>
</value>
Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes
<value name="group">www</value>
Process manager settings
<value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<value name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value name="max_children">128</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests
<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit
<value name="rlimit_files">51200</value>
Set max core size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value name="max_requests">500</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
7、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
=== 安装Nginx ===
1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install
2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.51/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
3、修改Nginx配置文件vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www
worker_processes 8;
error_log logs/error.log;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 512000;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 512000;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
4、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件并输入如下配置：
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、配置nginx.conf，启动Nginx
加入如下参数
http {
.....
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
........
server {
listen 80;
server_name test150;
root /www/test;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
}
,....
}
保存退出。
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
6、将Nginx加入开机启动
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
7、优化Linux内核参数 vi /etc/sysctl.conf
文件末尾新增：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
使配置立即生效：/sbin/sysctl -p
8、修改Nginx配置文件后，在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
测试配置文件是否存在错误：/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
杀掉pid文件配置配置立即生效： kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
9、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
#!/bin/bash
logs_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
10、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
输入：00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
=== 安装Zend ===
tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386
这里要注意，进入data文件夹后，so文件是对应版本的，看好系统中的php版本再安装，我安装的是对应5.2版本PHP的。
把 ZendOptimizer.so 文件拷贝到
/usr/local/Zend/lib
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=15
zend_extension="/usr/local/Zend/lib/ZendOptimizer.so"
重启php-fpm
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm restart