RMAN备份之四

一  设置备份集无效

RMAN> change backupset 82 unavailable; changed backup piece unavailable backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/dbbackup/backupset/df_20111106_84_1_2kmqvfg9_1_1.bak recid=106 stamp=766492169 Changed 1 objects to UNAVAILABLE status RMAN> list backupset of datafile 8 summary; List of Backups =============== Key     TY LV S Device Type Completion Time #Pieces #Copies Compressed Tag ------- -- -- - ----------- --------------- ------- ------- ---------- --- 48      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T093146 50      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T093158 52      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T093205 54      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       2       NO         TAG20111106T094028 56      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       2       NO         TAG20111106T094243 58      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T094316 60      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T094719 65      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T100539 67      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T100816 70      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T100913 76      B  F  A DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T102902 82      B  F  U DISK        06-NOV-11       1       1       NO         TAG20111106T102928 RMAN>

二  压缩备份集

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO compressed backupset; RMAN> list backupset; List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 91      Full    345.27M    DISK        00:03:23     06-NOV-11        List of Datafiles in backup set 91   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----   2       Full 2411983    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf   7       Full 2411983    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/resum.dbf   8       Full 2411983    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs_usr_bak.dbf   Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 91   Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag   ----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---   DISK        00:03:23     06-NOV-11       NO         TAG20111106T120247 BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 92      Full    553.52M    DISK        00:04:03     06-NOV-11        List of Datafiles in backup set 92   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----   1       Full 2411984    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf   3       Full 2411984    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf   6       Full 2411984    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs2.dbf   Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 92   Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag   ----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---   DISK        00:04:03     06-NOV-11       NO         TAG20111106T120247 BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 94      Full    30.02M     DISK        00:02:14     06-NOV-11        List of Datafiles in backup set 94   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----   2       Full 2412171    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf   7       Full 2412171    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/resum.dbf   8       Full 2412171    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs_usr_bak.dbf   Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 94   Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag   ----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---   DISK        00:02:14     06-NOV-11       YES        TAG20111106T120750 BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 95      Full    102.05M    DISK        00:03:47     06-NOV-11        List of Datafiles in backup set 95   File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name   ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----   1       Full 2412172    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf   3       Full 2412172    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf   6       Full 2412172    06-NOV-11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs2.dbf   Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 95   Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag   ----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---   DISK        00:03:47     06-NOV-11       YES        TAG20111106T120750

三   坏块检测和跳过

SQL> create tablespace tbs_corrupt datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbscorrupt.dbf' size 1m; Tablespace created. SQL> create table tb_corrupt tablespace tbs_corrupt   2  as   3  select * from sys.dba_objects where rownum<3000; Table created. SQL> shutdown abort;     ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> SQL> SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area  167772160 bytes Fixed Size                  1260696 bytes Variable Size             150995816 bytes Database Buffers           12582912 bytes Redo Buffers                2932736 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> select count(*) from tb_corrupt; select count(*) from tb_corrupt                      * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 9, block # 35) ORA-01110: data file 9: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbscorrupt.dbf' SQL> 、RMAN> backup datafile 9; Starting backup at 06-NOV-11 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=145 devtype=DISK allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 channel ORA_DISK_2: sid=144 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbscorrupt.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 06-NOV-11 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 11/06/2011 12:23:59 ORA-19566: exceeded limit of 0 corrupt blocks for file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbscorrupt.dbf RMAN> Run { Set MAXCORRUPT FOR DATAFILE 9 to 2; Backup datafile 9; }

四  增量备份

0级别的增量备份等同于数据块的全备份
累积型1的备份
差异性1的备份

BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1   DATABASE;　　　 �D�Ddifferential database;
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 CUMULATIVE DATABASE;

增量备份新特性：block change tracking

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/u01/app/oracle/dbbackup/rman_bct.f'; Database altered. SQL> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 DATABASE

RUN {
RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'dbiub';
BACKUP  INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1  FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'dbiub'  DATABASE;
}

五 监控备份进度

SELECT SID, SERIAL#, CONTEXT, SOFAR, TOTALWORK, ROUND(SOFAR/TOTALWORK*100,2) "%_COMPLETE" FROM V$SESSION_LONGOPS WHERE OPNAME LIKE 'RMAN%' AND OPNAME NOT LIKE '%aggregate%' AND TOTALWORK != 0 AND SOFAR <> TOTALWORK;