排错小技巧

 1. 判断以太端口故障 

 
  对于以太端口故障的诊断,可以用show interface fastFastethernet 0/0(对于以太端口0的诊断)命令,它用来检查一条链路的状态,可能出现的结果如下: 
 
  如果以太网端口工作正常,则出现如下显示:Fastethernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is up; 
 
  如果存在连接故障,比如路由器未接到LAN上,则出现:Fastethernet 0/0 is up, line protocol is down; 
 
  如果接口出现故障,则出现:Fastethernet 0/0 is down, line protocol is down (disable) ; 
 
  接口被人为地关闭,则出现:Fastethernet 0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down; 
 
  此外,当怀疑端口有物理性故障时,可用show version命令,该命令将显示出物理性正常的端口,而出现物理性故障的端口将不被显示出来。 
 
  2. 判断同步串行端口故障 
 
  我们可以用show interface serial 0/0命令检查一条链路的状态,如出现Serial 0/0 is up, line protocol is up字样,则表示工作正常;如出现serial 0/0 is up, line protocol is down字样,则表示端口无物理故障,但上层协议未通(IP、IPX、X25等,此时应查看路由器的配置命令,检查地址是否匹配);如出现Serial 0/0 is down, line protocol is down (disable) 字样,则表示端口出现物理性故障,此时应更换端口;如出现Serial 0/0 is down, line protocol is down字样,则表示DCE设备(Modem/DTU)未送来载波/时钟信号;如出现Serial 0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down字样,则表示接口被人为地关闭,可在配置状态中interface_mode下去掉shutdown命令。 

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