LWIP之SOCKET的实现

2009-05-11   LWIP SOCKET 的实现
 
       Lwip 协议栈的实现目的,无非是要上层用来实现 app socket 编程。好,我们就从 socket 开始。为了兼容性, lwip socket 应该也是提供标准的 socket 接口函数,恩,没错,在 src\include\lwip\socket.h 文件中可以看到下面的宏定义:
#if LWIP_COMPAT_SOCKETS
#define accept(a,b,c)         lwip_accept(a,b,c)
#define bind(a,b,c)           lwip_bind(a,b,c)
#define shutdown(a,b)         lwip_shutdown(a,b)
#define closesocket(s)        lwip_close(s)
#define connect(a,b,c)        lwip_connect(a,b,c)
#define getsockname(a,b,c)    lwip_getsockname(a,b,c)
#define getpeername(a,b,c)    lwip_getpeername(a,b,c)
#define setsockopt(a,b,c,d,e) lwip_setsockopt(a,b,c,d,e)
#define getsockopt(a,b,c,d,e) lwip_getsockopt(a,b,c,d,e)
#define listen(a,b)           lwip_listen(a,b)
#define recv(a,b,c,d)         lwip_recv(a,b,c,d)
#define recvfrom(a,b,c,d,e,f) lwip_recvfrom(a,b,c,d,e,f)
#define send(a,b,c,d)         lwip_send(a,b,c,d)
#define sendto(a,b,c,d,e,f)   lwip_sendto(a,b,c,d,e,f)
#define socket(a,b,c)         lwip_socket(a,b,c)
#define select(a,b,c,d,e)     lwip_select(a,b,c,d,e)
#define ioctlsocket(a,b,c)    lwip_ioctl(a,b,c)
 
#if LWIP_POSIX_SOCKETS_IO_NAMES
#define read(a,b,c)           lwip_read(a,b,c)
#define write(a,b,c)          lwip_write(a,b,c)
#define close(s)              lwip_close(s)
先不说实际的实现函数,光看这些定义的宏,就是标准 socket 所必须有的接口。
 
       接着看这些实际的函数实现。这些函数实现在 src\api\socket.c 中。先看下接受连接的函数,这个是 tcp
原型: int lwip_accept(int s, struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen)
可以看到这里的 socket 类型参数 s ,实际上是个 int
在这个函数中的第一个函数调用是 sock = get_socket(s);
这里的 sock 变量类型是 lwip_socket ,定义如下:
/** Contains all internal pointers and states used for a socket */
struct lwip_socket {
  /** sockets currently are built on netconns, each socket has one netconn */
  struct netconn *conn;
  /** data that was left from the previous read */
  struct netbuf *lastdata;
  /** offset in the data that was left from the previous read */
  u16_t lastoffset;
  /** number of times data was received, set by event_callback(),
      tested by the receive and select functions */
  u16_t rcvevent;
  /** number of times data was received, set by event_callback(),
      tested by select */
  u16_t sendevent;
  /** socket flags (currently, only used for O_NONBLOCK) */
  u16_t flags;
  /** last error that occurred on this socket */
  int err;
};
好,这个结构先不管它,接着看下 get_socket 函数的实现【也是在 src\api\socket.c 文件中】,在这里我们看到这样一条语句 sock = &sockets[s]; 很明显,返回值也是这个 sock ,它是根据传进来的序列号在 sockets 数组中找到对应的元素并返回该元素的地址。好了,那么这个 sockets 数组是在哪里被赋值了这些元素的呢?
       进行到这里似乎应该从标准的 socket 编程的开始,也就是 socket 函数讲起,那我们就顺便看一下。它对应的实际实现是下面这个函数
Int lwip_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) src\api\socket.c
这个函数根据不同的协议类型,也就是函数中的 type 参数,创建了一个 netconn 结构体的指针,接着就是用这个指针作为参数调用了 alloc_socket 函数,下面具体看下这个函数的实现
static int alloc_socket(struct netconn *newconn)
{
  int i;
 
  /* Protect socket array */
  sys_sem_wait(socksem);
 
  /* allocate a new socket identifier */
  for (i = 0; i < NUM_SOCKETS; ++i) {
    if (!sockets[i].conn) {
      sockets[i].conn       = newconn;
      sockets[i].lastdata   = NULL;
      sockets[i].lastoffset = 0;
      sockets[i].rcvevent   = 0;
      sockets[i].sendevent  = 1; /* TCP send buf is empty */
      sockets[i].flags      = 0;
      sockets[i].err        = 0;
      sys_sem_signal(socksem);
      return i;
    }
  }
  sys_sem_signal(socksem);
  return -1;
}
对了,就是这个时候对全局变量 sockets 数组的元素赋值的。
       既然都来到这里了,那就顺便看下 netconn 结构的情况吧。它的学名叫 netconn descriptor
/** A netconn descriptor */
struct netconn
{
  /** type of the netconn (TCP, UDP or RAW) */
  enum netconn_type type;
   /** current state of the netconn */
  enum netconn_state state;
   /** the lwIP internal protocol control block */
  union {
    struct ip_pcb  *ip;
    struct tcp_pcb *tcp;
    struct udp_pcb *udp;
    struct raw_pcb *raw;
  } pcb;
   /** the last error this netconn had */
  err_t err;
  /** sem that is used to synchroneously execute functions in the core context */
  sys_sem_t op_completed;
   /** mbox where received packets are stored until they are fetched
      by the netconn application thread (can grow quite big) */
  sys_mbox_t recvmbox;
  /** mbox where new connections are stored until processed
      by the application thread */
  sys_mbox_t acceptmbox;
   /** only used for socket layer */
  int socket;
#if LWIP_SO_RCVTIMEO
  /** timeout to wait for new data to be received
      (or connections to arrive for listening netconns) */
  int recv_timeout;
#endif /* LWIP_SO_RCVTIMEO */
#if LWIP_SO_RCVBUF
  /** maximum amount of bytes queued in recvmbox */
  int recv_bufsize;
#endif /* LWIP_SO_RCVBUF */
  u16_t recv_avail;
  /** TCP: when data passed to netconn_write doesn't fit into the send buffer,
      this temporarily stores the message. */
  struct api_msg_msg *write_msg;
  /** TCP: when data passed to netconn_write doesn't fit into the send buffer,
      this temporarily stores how much is already sent. */
  int write_offset;
#if LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING
  /** TCP: when data passed to netconn_write doesn't fit into the send buffer,
      this temporarily stores whether to wake up the original application task
      if data couldn't be sent in the first try. */
  u8_t write_delayed;
#endif /* LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING */
  /** A callback function that is informed about events for this netconn */
  netconn_callback callback;
}; src\include\lwip\api.h
到此,对这个结构都有些什么,做了一个大概的了解。
       下面以 SOCK_STREAM 类型为例,看下 netconn new 过程:
lwip_socket 函数中有
case SOCK_DGRAM:
    conn = netconn_new_with_callback( (protocol == IPPROTO_UDPLITE) ?
                 NETCONN_UDPLITE : NETCONN_UDP, event_callback);
 
#define netconn_new_with_callback(t, c) netconn_new_with_proto_and_callback(t, 0, c)
简略实现如下:
struct netconn*
netconn_new_with_proto_and_callback(enum netconn_type t, u8_t proto, netconn_callback callback)
{
  struct netconn *conn;
  struct api_msg msg;
 
  conn = netconn_alloc(t, callback);
  if (conn != NULL )
{
    msg.function = do_newconn;
    msg.msg.msg.n.proto = proto;
    msg.msg.conn = conn;
TCPIP_APIMSG(&msg);
}
return conn;
}
主要就看 TCPIP_APIMSG 了,这个宏有两个定义,一个是 LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING 的,一个非 locking 的。分别分析这两个不同类型的函数
* Call the lower part of a netconn_* function
* This function has exclusive access to lwIP core code by locking it
* before the function is called.
err_t tcpip_apimsg_lock(struct api_msg *apimsg) 【这个是可以 locking 的】
{
  LOCK_TCPIP_CORE();
  apimsg->function(&(apimsg->msg));
  UNLOCK_TCPIP_CORE();
  return ERR_OK;
 
}
 
* Call the lower part of a netconn_* function
* This function is then running in the thread context
* of tcpip_thread and has exclusive access to lwIP core code.
err_t tcpip_apimsg(struct api_msg *apimsg) 【此为非 locking 的】
{
  struct tcpip_msg msg;
 
  if (mbox != SYS_MBOX_NULL) {
    msg.type = TCPIP_MSG_API;
    msg.msg.apimsg = apimsg;
    sys_mbox_post(mbox, &msg);
    sys_arch_sem_wait(apimsg->msg.conn->op_completed, 0);
    return ERR_OK;
  }
  return ERR_VAL;
}
其实,功能都是一样的,都是要对 apimsg->function 函数的调用。只是途径不一样而已。看看它们的功能说明就知道了。这么来说 apimsg->function 的调用很重要了。从 netconn_new_with_proto_and_callback 函数的实现,可以知道这个 function 就是 do_newconn
Void do_newconn(struct api_msg_msg *msg)
{
   if(msg->conn->pcb.tcp == NULL) {
     pcb_new(msg);
   }
   /* Else? This "new" connection already has a PCB allocated. */
   /* Is this an error condition? Should it be deleted? */
   /* We currently just are happy and return. */
 
   TCPIP_APIMSG_ACK(msg);
}
还是看 TCP 的,在 pcb_new 函数中有如下代码:
case NETCONN_TCP:
     msg->conn->pcb.tcp = tcp_new();
     if(msg->conn->pcb.tcp == NULL) {
       msg->conn->err = ERR_MEM;
       break;
     }
     setup_tcp(msg->conn);
     break;
我们知道在这里建立了这个 tcp 的连接。至于这个超级牛的函数,以后再做介绍。
       嗯,还是回过头来接着看 accept 函数吧。
       Sock 获得了,接着就是 newconn = netconn_accept(sock->conn); 通过 mbox 取得新的连接 。粗略的估计了一下,这个新的连接应该和 listen 有关系。那就再次打断一下,看看那个 listen 操作。
lwip_listen -- à netconn_listen_with_backlog-- à do_listen-- à
tcp_arg(msg->conn->pcb.tcp, msg->conn);
tcp_accept(msg->conn->pcb.tcp, accept_function);/ / 注册了一个接受函数
 
* Accept callback function for TCP netconns.
* Allocates a new netconn and posts that to conn->acceptmbox.
static err_t accept_function(void *arg, struct tcp_pcb *newpcb, err_t err)
{
  struct netconn *newconn;
  struct netconn *conn;
 
  conn = (struct netconn *)arg;
 
  /* We have to set the callback here even though
   * the new socket is unknown. conn->socket is marked as -1. */
  newconn = netconn_alloc(conn->type, conn->callback);
  if (newconn == NULL) {
    return ERR_MEM;
  }
  newconn->pcb.tcp = newpcb;
  setup_tcp(newconn);
  newconn->err = err;
  /* Register event with callback */
  API_EVENT(conn, NETCONN_EVT_RCVPLUS, 0);
 
  if ( sys_mbox_trypost (conn->acceptmbox, newconn) != ERR_OK)
{
    /* When returning != ERR_OK, the connection is aborted in tcp_process(),
       so do nothing here! */
    newconn->pcb.tcp = NULL;
    netconn_free(newconn);
    return ERR_MEM;
  }
  return ERR_OK;
}
对了, accept 函数中从 mbox 中获取的连接就是这里放进去的。
 
       再回到 accept 中来,取得了新的连接,接下来就是分配 sock 了,再然后,再然后?再然后就等用户来使用接收、发送数据了。
       到此整个 APP 层,也就是传输层以上对 socket 的封装讲完了。在最后再总结一些整个路径的调用情况吧
      

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