solaris-Disk management

### Disk management###
disks consist of the following:
1.tracks -concentric rings on each

platter
2.cylinders -groups of tracks
3.sectors/blocks -512 byte blocks

###Disk partitions###
Note: partitions within solaris are AKA

slices
Note: X86 PCs are limited to 4 Fdisk

primary partitions
Note: solaris requires 1 Fdisk partition

for its use
Disk0 -36G
  -1-Fdisk partition for solaris's use
   -slices are created within the single

Fdisk partition

Disk1 -36G
  -1-Fdisk partition for solaris's use
   -Slices
Note: solaris uses a volume table of

contens(VTOC) to represent variouse

slices within the lone Fdisk partition on

the disk

Note: On sparc,solaris uses VTOC to

represent All slices on disk,Not within

lone Fdisk partition

slice rules within x86 using VTOC:
10 slices(0-9) MAX maybe created when

using VTOC on x86 slice 2 -VTOC

Note: VTOC represents the disk's label

and occupies slice 2
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 -7 slices are available

for user use

default slice allocation:
0 - / (root) mount point
3 - /var
7 - /export/home

sparc disk layout -Max of 8 slices -0-7
disk0 - 36G
 -1-Fdisk partition for solaris' use
  -slices are created within the single

Fdisk partition
  -0 - /
  -3 - /var
  -7 - /export/home

Note:Disk with '/ (root) & /usr' mount

points is known as the 'system disk' -

this disk is used to boot solaris.
All other disks attached to the system

are known as secondary disks

###Print VTOC/Disk Label -using

prtvtoc###
prtvtoc /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 -Nomenclature

c0t0d0s0:
c0 -controller# -this is the first

controller on the system
t0 -is an identifier for bus-oriented

controller -first target or id on the bus

-first hard disk
d0 -represents disk #
s0 -represents the slice/partition#

### Our server's Disks###
controller 0:
  -disk0 -/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 -system disk
   -fdisk partition
    -slices(0,1,2,3,7,8)
   -disk1 - /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 -secondary

disk
   -disk2 - /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 -secondary

disk

###Format utilility###
add, list, format, repair, partition

(slice) disks
format -dumps connected controllers and

disks
format /dev/dsk/c0*
Note: Solaris requires the presence of 1

Fdisk partition/per disk on X86 systems

to be able to create slices/partitions.

DISK2 -36G
  -Fdisk partition #1 Windows 2003 -10GB
  _Fdisk partition #2 Linux -10G
  -Fdisk partition #3 Solaris -16G

DISK 1 -36G
   -Fdisk partition #1
   -Free space -SOLARIS

Partition/slices permissions:
wm -writable & mountable
wu -writable & unmountable
rm -read only & mountable

Cylinders 598 - 4423
usable =0 - 5

/data1 - /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4

secondary disks:
/data2 - /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0
/data3 - /dev/dsk/c0t2d0s0

###create Unix File System (UFS) for new

slices###
newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s4
newfs /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0

/dev/rdsk/c0t2d0s0

Note: create file systems by referring to

the raw location /dev/rdsk/*

###create mount points for newly-created

file systems###
/data1
/data2
/data3
mkdir /data1 /data2 /data3
test mounting all newly-created file

systems at mount points

mount /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4 /data1 -3GB
mount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0 /data2 -20GB
mount /dev/dsk/c0t2d0s0 /data3 -30G

### populate /etc/vfstab file for

automatic mount @ system boot ###

### steps to partition and create file

systems###
1. run 'format' to identify connected

disks
2. for x86, ensure the presence of fdisk

partition
3. create desired slices using'

partition' sub-menu of format
4.label
eah disk after altering partition table
5. use 'newfs' with raw location to

create UFS file system for each slice
6.mount each UFS slice to user-space

directory
7.update /etc/vfstab file to allow

changes to persist

###recap of steps necessary to

partition/slice&create file systems###
steps:
 1. unmount existing file systems
     -umount /data2 /data3
 2. confirm fdisk partitions via 'format'

utility
     -format -select disk -select fdisk
 3. use modify to create slices on

desired drives
   Disk1
    -slice 0 - /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0 -30GB
   Disk2
    -slice 0 - /dev/dsk/c0t2d0s0 -30 GB
 4. create file systems using 'newfs

/dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0'
 5. use 'fsck /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s0' to

vertify the consistency of the file

system
 6. mount file systems at various mount

points
    mount /dev/dsk/c0t1d0s0 /data2 &&

mount /dev/dsk/c0t2d0s0 /data3
 7. create entries in virtual file system

table (/etc/vsftab) file

### How to determine file system

associate with device### 
 1. fstyp /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 -returns file

system type
 2. grep mount point from /etc/vfstab
    grep /var /etc/vfstab
 3. cat /etc/mnttab -displays currently

mounted file system

###temporary file system(TEMPFS)

implementation###
TempFS provides in-memory(RAM),very fast,

storage and boosts application

performance
steps:
 1.determine avaialble memory and the

amount you can spare for TEMPFS -prtconf
 -allocate 100MB
 2. excute mount command:

mkdir /tempdata && chmod 777

/tempdata&&mount -F tmpfs -osize=100m

swap tempdata

Note: TEMPFS data does Not persis/survive

across reboots
Note: TEMPFS data is lost when the

following occurs:
1. TEMPFS mount point is unmounted:i.e

umount /tempdata
2. system reboot

Modify /etc/vfstab to include the TEMPFS

mount point for reboots

swap - /tempdata tmpfs -yes

###Swap creation -Files & Partitions###
Note: it's easier to create a swap file

on an exsisting UFS file system on

running solaris instance than it is to

create a swap partition on an already

mounted disk
Vitual swap space -all swap areas

(partition&files) + free physical memory

swap -l -lists available swap devices

and/or swap files
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s1 -default swap partition

during installation

swap -s -lists swap space,including

physical memory in 1024 byte increments

###swap file/partition creation###
swap -l | -s -to display swap information

mkfile size location_of_file -to create

swap file
mkfie 512m /data2/swap2 -create swap file

swap -a -activates the swap file
swap -a /data2/swap2 -activates swap file

to remove swap file:
swap -d /data2/swap2 -removes swap sapce

from kernel. does Not remove file
rm -rf /data2/swap2
###swap partition creation###
format -select disk -partition -select

slice/modify
swap -a /dev/dsk/c0t2d0s1

modify /etc/vfstab