随着Nginx高性能Web服务器大量被使用,目前Nginx最新稳定版为1.2.6,张宴兄在实际应用中大量使用Nginx,并分享Nginx高性能Web服务器知识,使得Nginx在国内也是飞速的发展。那今天咱们再来温习一下Nginx 动静分离知识,这里仅供参考。
一、实践环境:
1.系统版本:CentOS6.0 X86_64
2.
3. Nginx版本:Nginx-1.2.6
4.
5. Tomcat版本:Tomcat-6.0.18
二、Nginx安装:
实际环境中安装Nginx,首先需要安装pcre库,然后再安装Nginx:
1.#安装pcre支持rewrite库,也可以安装源码,注*安装源码时,指定pcre路径为解压源码的路径,而不是编译后的路径,否则会报错。
2. yuminstall pcre-devel pcre -y
3.
4. #下载Nginx源码包
5. cd /usr/src ;wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
6.
7. #解压Nginx源码包
8. tar -xzf nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
9.
10.#进入解压目录,然后sed修改Nginx版本信息为TDTWS
11. cd nginx-1.2.6 ; sed -i -e 's/1.2.6//g' -e 's/nginx\//TDTWS/g' -e 's/"NGINX"/"TDTWS"/g' src/core/nginx.h
12.
13.#预编译Nginx
14../configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
15.#.configure预编译成功后,执行make命令进行编译
16.
17. make
18.#make执行成功后,执行makeinstall 正式安装
19.makeinstall
20. #自此Nginx安装完毕!!!
三、配置Nginx:
这里鉴于我的51CTO博客已经有Tomcat安装和配置了,这里忽略,只配置Nginx。
1.#进入Nginx应用目录
2. cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
3. #备份原nginx.conf文件
4. mv nginx.conf nginx.bak
创建 vi nginx.conf ,并写入如下内容:
1.user www www;
2. worker_processes 8;
3. worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
4. pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
5.
6. worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
7.
8. events
9. {
10.use epoll;
11. worker_connections 102400;
12. }
13.http
14.{
15. include mime.types;
16.
17. default_type application/octet-stream;
18.
19. fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
20.
21. charset utf-8;
22.
23. server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
24. client_header_buffer_size 4k;
25. large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
26. client_max_body_size 300m;
27.
28. sendfile on;
29. tcp_nopush on;
30.
31. keepalive_timeout 60;
32.
33. tcp_nodelay on;
34.
35. client_body_buffer_size 512k;
36. proxy_connect_timeout 5;
37. proxy_read_timeout 60;
38. proxy_send_timeout 5;
39. proxy_buffer_size 16k;
40. proxy_buffers 4 64k;
41. proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
42. proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
43.
44. gzip on;
45. gzip_min_length 1k;
46. gzip_buffers 4 16k;
47. gzip_http_version 1.1;
48. gzip_comp_level 2;
49. gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
50. gzip_vary on;
51.
52.
53. ###2012-12-19 change nginx logs
54.
55. log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
56. '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
57. '"$http_user_agent" $request_time $remote_addr';
58.
59. #这里为后端服务器wugk应用集群配置,根据后端实际情况修改即可,tdt_wugk为负载均衡名称,可以任意指定
60. #但必须跟vhosts.conf虚拟主机的pass段一致,否则不能转发后端的请求。
61.upstream tdt_wugk {
62. server 10.10.141.30:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
63. server 10.10.141.30:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
64. server 10.10.141.31:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
65. server 10.10.141.31:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
66. server 10.10.141.32:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
67. server 10.10.141.32:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
68. }
69. #这里为后端APP应用负载均衡配置,根据后端实际情况修改即可。tdt_app为负载均衡名称,可以任意指定
70. upstream tdt_app {
71. server 10.10.141.40:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
72. server 10.10.141.40:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
73. server 10.10.141.41:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
74. server 10.10.141.41:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
75. server 10.10.141.42:8080 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
76. server 10.10.141.42:8081 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
77.}
78. #include引用vhosts.conf,该文件主要用于配置Nginx虚拟主机
79. include vhosts.conf;
80. }
如上nginx.conf配置完毕,继续配置nginx虚拟主机,继续在当前目录创建vhosts.conf
vi vhosts.conf 内容如下:
1.####www.wuguangke.cn
2. server
3.
4. {
5. listen 80;
6. server_name www.wuguangke.cn;
7. index index.html index.htm;
8. #配置发布目录为/data/www/wugk
9. root /data/www/wugk;
10.
11. location /
12. {
13. proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
14. proxy_set_header Host $host;
15. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
16. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
17. proxy_pass http://tdt_wugk;
18. expires 3d;
19. }
20. #动态页面交给http://tdt_wugk,也即我们之前在nginx.conf定义的upstream tdt_wugk 均衡
21. location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$
22. {
23. proxy_set_header Host $host;
24. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
25. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
26. proxy_pass http://tdt_wugk;
27. }
28. #配置Nginx动静分离,定义的静态页面直接从Nginx发布目录读取。
29. location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$
30. {
31. root /data/www/wugk;
32.#expires定义用户浏览器缓存的时间为3天,如果静态页面不常更新,可以设置更长,这样可以节省带宽和缓解服务器的压力
33. expires 3d;
34. }
35. #定义Nginx输出日志的路径
36. access_log /data/logs/nginx_wugk/access.log main;
37. error_log /data/logs/nginx_wugk/error.log crit;
38. }
39.
40. ##########chinaapp.sinaapp.com 2012-12-19
41. server
42.
43. {
44. listen 80;
45. server_name chinaapp.sinaapp.com;
46. index index.html index.htm;
47. root /data/www;
48.
49. location /
50. {
51. proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
52. proxy_set_header Host $host;
53. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
54. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
55. proxy_pass http://tdt_app;
56. expires 3d;
57. }
58.
59. location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$
60. {
61. proxy_set_header Host $host;
62. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
63. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
64. proxy_pass http://tdt_app;
65. }
66. location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$
67. {
68. root /data/www/app;
69. expires 3d;
70. }
71.
72. access_log /data/logs/nginx_app/access.log main;
73. error_log /data/logs/nginx_app/error.log crit;
74. }
四、部署测试:
后端配置好Tomcat服务,并启动,发布的程序需同步到Nginx的/data/www对应的目录,因为配置动静分离后,用户请求你定义的静态页面,默认会去nginx的发布目录请求,而不会到后端请求,所以这时候你要保证后端跟前端的程序保持一致,可以使用Rsync做服务端自动同步。
1.#检查Nginx配置文件是否配置正确,提示Ok andsuccessful表示正确,如下:
2. [root@WEB-11-151~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
3. nginx:the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
4. nginx:configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
5. #启动Nginx服务
6. /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
7. #查看Nginx进程是否启动
8. ps -ef |grep nginx
本文只是一个简单的实际案例,里面的配置和参数这里没有做过多的说明,后期会继续更新。