CentOS下Apache+Tomcat整合
一、下载相关软件包
①下载jdk
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# wget
http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u60-b27/jdk-8u60-linux-x64.rpm?AuthParam=1443611456_fa9cf3c3ff6845d1bcd351d6983780a8
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②下载tomcat
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# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.26/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.26.tar.gz
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③下载mod_jk
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# wget http://apache.fayea.com/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src.tar.gz
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④下载httpd
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# yum install -y httpd httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel autoconf libtool
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二、安装jdk
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# rpm -ivh jdk-8u60-linux-x64.rpm
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# vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_60
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh
# java -version
java version "1.8.0_60"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_60-b27)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.60-b23, mixed mode)
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注:如有多个jdk，可使用update-alternatives --config java命令进行选择。
二、安装tomcat
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# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-8.0.26.tar.gz
# mkdir /usr/local/tomcat
# mv apache-tomcat-8.0.26/* /usr/local/tomcat/
# catalina.sh start ##开启tomcat
# catalina.sh stop ##关闭tomcat
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# ss -tlnp ##查看tomcat是否启动
# getenforce 0
# systemctl stop firewalld
# vi /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$PATH:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
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三、测试tomcat
①浏览器输入http://localhost:8080
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# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
# echo "hello,tomcat" > index.html
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②浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/index.html
③浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/tomcat.jsp
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# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
# vi tomcat.jsp ##新建测试页1
Now time is: <%=new java.util.Date() %>
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④浏览器输入http://localhost:8080
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# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/
# vi server.xml ##更改默认host
103 <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.zhi.com" jvmRoute="TomcatZHI">
<Host name="www.zhi.com" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Contest path="" docBase="webapps" reLoadable="true" />
</Host>
# catalina.sh configtest ##测试语法
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# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT
# mv index.jsp index.jsp.bak
# vi index.jsp ##新建测试页2
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatZHI</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">TomcatZHI </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
# catalina.sh start ##开启tomcat
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四、编译安装mod_jk
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# tar -zxvf tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src.tar.gz
# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src
# cd tomcat-connectors-1.2.41-src/native
# ./buildconf.sh
buildconf: checking installation...
buildconf: autoconf version 2.69 (ok)
buildconf: libtool version 2.4.2 (ok)
buildconf: libtoolize --automake --copy
buildconf: aclocal
buildconf: autoheader
buildconf: automake -a --foreign --copy
buildconf: autoconf
# ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/bin/apxs
# make
# make install
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出现的错误1:
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# ./buildconf.sh
buildconf: checking installation...
buildconf: autoconf not found.
You need autoconf version 2.59 or newer installed
to build mod_jk from SVN.
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解决:
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# yum install autoconf
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出现的错误2:
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# ./buildconf.sh
buildconf: checking installation...
buildconf: autoconf version 2.69 (ok)
buildconf: libtool not found.
You need libtool version 1.4 or newer installed
to build mod_jk from SVN.
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解决:
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# yum install libtool
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五、配置Apache与Tomcat整合
①配置mod_jk配置文件
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# vi /etc/httpd/conf/mod_jk.conf
JkWorkersFile /etc/httpd/conf/workers.properties ##加载tomcat works配置文件
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log ##日志文件
JkLogLevel warn ##日志级别
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]" ##日志数据格式
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories ##其他配置项
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T" ##请求日志的格式
JkMount /servlet/* worker1
JkMount /*.jsp worker1 ##JkMount用于控制URL与Tomcat workers的对应关系，JkMount表示用tomcat来解析，JkUnMount则相反
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②配置tomcat配置文件
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# vi /etc/httpd/conf/workers.properties
#
# workers.properties ##可配置多实例
#
worker.list=worker1
worker.worker1.type=ajp13 ##worker的类型为ajp13
worker.worker1.host=127.0.0.1 ##worker的主机(IP)
worker.worker1.port=8009 ##worker的端口
worker.worker1.lbfactor=5 ##worker负载均衡
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③配置httpd配置文件
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# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
Include /etc/httpd/conf/mod_jk.conf
ServerName www.zhi.com:80
# service httpd configtest ##测试语法
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六、测试整合效果
①直接输入http://localhost查看
httpd默认进入的是Apache的index.html页面
②输入http://localhost/inedex.jsp(不加8080端口)查看
③输入http://localhost/tomcat.jsp(不加8080端口)查看
tomcat已与Apache整合好了！
七、通过mod_proxy模块与tomcat连接
①查看httpd是否已装载相关模块
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# httpd -D DUMP_MODULES | grep proxy
proxy_module (shared)
proxy_ajp_module (shared)
proxy_balancer_module (shared)
proxy_connect_module (shared)
proxy_express_module (shared)
proxy_fcgi_module (shared)
proxy_fdpass_module (shared)
proxy_ftp_module (shared)
proxy_http_module (shared)
proxy_scgi_module (shared)
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②配置httpd
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# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ##只需配置如下即可
ProxyVia Off
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPreserveHost Off
<Proxy />
Require all granted
</Proxy>
ProxyPass / http://192.168.10.132:8080/
ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.10.132:8080/
<Location / >
Require all granted
</Location>
# httpd -t ##检查语法
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注:
a.ProxyVia {On|Off|Full|Block}:用于控制在http首部是否使用Via:，主要用于在多级代理中控制代理请求的流向。默认为Off，即不启用此功能；On表示每个请求和响应报文均添加Via:；Full表示每个Via:行都会添加当前apache服务器的版本号信息；Block表示每个代理请求报文中的Via：都会被移除。
b.ProxyRequests {On|Off}:是否开启apache正向代理的功能；启用此项时为了代理http协议必须启用mod_proxy_http模块。同时，如果为apache设置了ProxyPass，则必须将ProxyRequests设置为Off。
c.ProxyPreserveHost {On|Off}:如果启用此功能，代理会将用户请求报文中的Host:行发送给后端的服务器，而不再使用ProxyPass指定的服务器地址。如果想在反向代理中支持虚拟主机，则需要开启此项，否则就无需打开此功能。
d.ProxyPass :将后端服务器某URL与当前服务器的某虚拟路径关联起来作为提供服务的路径，path为当前服务器上的某虚拟路径，url为后端服务器上某URL路径。使用此指令时必须将ProxyRequests的值设置为Off。需要注意的是，如果path以“/”结尾，则对应的url也必须以“/”结尾，反之亦然。
e.ProxyPassReverse：用于让apache调整HTTP重定向响应报文中的Location、Content-Location及URI标签所对应的URL，在反向代理环境中必须使用此指令避免重定向报文绕过proxy服务器。
③测试
输入http://localhost:8080时:
输入代理端http://localhost时出现:
已经代理过去了！
输入http://localhost时:
Service Unavailable
The server is temporarily unable to service your request due to maintenance downtime or capacity problems. Please try again later.
①原因1:SELinux问题
解决:
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# setenforce 0 ##或设置selinux为enabled(需重启生效)
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②原因2:在httpd中默认索引页面设置中添加了index.jsp也会造成503错误
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<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.jsp index.htm index.html
</IfModule>
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解决:去掉index.jsp即可
附:tomcat主要文件简单解释
bin-----启动和关闭tomcat的脚本文件
conf-----存放tomcat的各种全局配置文件，以server.xml和web.xml最重要
lib-----存放tomcat所需的各种JAR文件
logs-----存放tomcat执行时的日志
temp-----存放临时文件
webapps-----tomcat的web目录
work-----存放JSP编译后产生的class文件