GetVersion GetVersionEx判断系统代码

Windows API 中有两个函数可以得到系统版本信息：GetVersion和GetVersionEx。
      GetVersion这个函数曾经困扰了很多程序员，其本来设计的是在DWORD返回值中用低位的那个字表示MS-DOS的版本号，高位的那个字表示Windows版本号。对于每个字来说，高位字节代表主要版本号，低位字节代表次要版本号。可是因为编写此函数的程序员犯了一个错误，使得此函数返回的Windows版本号颠倒了(即把主要版本号放到了低位字节，而次要版本号放到了高位字节)。当发现此错误的时候已经有很多程序员在使用这个函数了，Microsoft只好将错就错，直接把原来的API文档给改了过来。
      为了解决GetVersion带来的问题，Microsoft后来开发了一个新的函数GetVersionEx，用它能够得到更详细的Windows系统的版本信息，下面我就写写GetVersionEx的使用方法。

函数原型：
BOOL GetVersionEx(POSVERSIONINFO pVersionInformation);
我们先来看看OSVERSIONINFOEX这个结构：
typedef struct {
DWORD dwOSVersionInfoSize;       //在使用GetVersionEx之前要将此初始化为结构的大小
DWORD dwMajorVersion;               //系统主版本号
DWORD dwMinorVersion;               //系统次版本号
DWORD dwBuildNumber;               //系统构建号
DWORD dwPlatformId;                  //系统支持的平台(详见附1)
TCHAR szCSDVersion[128];          //系统补丁包的名称
WORD wServicePackMajor;            //系统补丁包的主版本
WORD wServicePackMinor;            //系统补丁包的次版本
WORD wSuiteMask;                      //标识系统上的程序组(详见附2)
BYTE wProductType;                    //标识系统类型(详见附3)
BYTE wReserved;                         //保留,未使用
} OSVERSIONINFOEX, *POSVERSIONINFOEX;
这个结构在Windows 2000后出现，老版本的OSVERSIONINFO结构没有wServicePackMajor、wServicePackMinor、wSuiteMask、wProductType和wReserved这几个成员。

接着在调用函数之前先初始化结构的大小:
OSVERSIONINFOEX os;
os.dwOSVersionInfoSize=sizeof(os);
函数返回值为TRUE表示成功:
if(!GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO *)&os))
{
      return FALSE;
}
函数调用成功以后就可以通过OSVERSIONINFOEX来查看系统的版本信息了。

下面是一个通过系统版本来判断操作系统名称的例子：
CString getSystemName()
{
    SYSTEM_INFO info;                                   //用SYSTEM_INFO结构判断64位AMD处理器
    GetSystemInfo(&info);                               //调用GetSystemInfo函数填充结构
    OSVERSIONINFOEX os;
    os.dwOSVersionInfoSize=sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX);  /*在调用函数前必须用sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEXA)填充dwOSVersionInfoSize结构成员*/
    if(GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO *)&os))                  /*调用GetVersionEx函数OSVERSIONINFOEX结构必须将指针类型强制转换*/
    {
        CString vname;
        //下面根据版本信息判断操作系统名称
        switch(os.dwMajorVersion){                        //判断主版本号
            case 4:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){                //判断次版本号
                    case 0:
                        if(os.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows NT 4.0");                //1996年7月发布
                        else if(os.dwPlatformId==VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows 95");
                        break;
                    case 10:
                        vname=_T("Microsoft Windows 98");
                        break;
                    case 90:
                        vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Me");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case 5:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){               //再比较dwMinorVersion的值
                    case 0:
                        vname=_T("Microsoft Windows 2000");                    //1999年12月发布
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        vname=_T("Microsoft Windows XP");                    //2001年8月发布
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        if(os.wProductType==VER_NT_WORKSTATION && /
                           info.wProcessorArchitecture==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Server 2003");        //2003年3月发布
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)!=0)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case 6:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){
                    case 0:
                        if(os.wProductType==VER_NT_WORKSTATION)/*
                        VER_NT_WORKSTATION是桌面系统 */
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Vista");
                        else
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Server 2008");          //服务器版本
                        break;
                    case 1:
                        if(os.wProductType==VER_NT_WORKSTATION)
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows 7");
                        else
                            vname=_T("Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            default:
                vname=_T("未知操作系统");
        }
        return vname;
    }
    else
        return _T("");
}
以上只能判断操作系统的名称，那如何判断它是什么版本的呢(如Home版或Professional版)。
下面这个函数就返回具体的版本名称：
CString getVersionMark()
{
    OSVERSIONINFOEX os;
    os.dwOSVersionInfoSize=sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX);
    if(GetVersionEx((OSVERSIONINFO *)&os)){
        CString vmark;
        switch(os.dwMajorVersion){                //先判断操作系统版本
            case 5:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){
                    case 0:                  //Windows 2000
                        if(os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE)
                            vmark=_T("Advanced Server");
                        break;
                    case 1:                  //Windows XP
                        if(os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_EMBEDDEDNT)
                            vmark=_T("Embedded");
                        else if(os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_PERSONAL)
                            vmark=_T("Home Edition");
                        else
                            vmark=_T("Professional");
                        break;
                    case 2:
                        if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /
                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_BLADE)  //Windows Server 2003
                            vmark=_T("Web Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /
                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_COMPUTE_SERVER)
                            vmark=_T("Compute Cluster Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /
                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER)
                            vmark=_T("Storage Server");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /
                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_DATACENTER)
                            vmark=_T("Datacenter Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)==0 && /
                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE)
                            vmark=_T("Enterprise Edition");
                        else if(GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2)!=0 &&  /
                           os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_STORAGE_SERVER)  /*
                           Windows Server 2003 R2*/
                            vmark=_T("Storage Server");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case 6:
                switch(os.dwMinorVersion){
                    case 0:
                        if(os.wProductType!=VER_NT_WORKSTATION && /
                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_DATACENTER)  /*
                        Windows Server 2008*/
                            vmark=_T("Datacenter Server");
                        else if(os.wProductType!=VER_NT_WORKSTATION &&  /
                        os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE)
                            vmark=_T("Enterprise");
                        else if(os.wProductType==VER_NT_WORKSTATION && /
                           os.wSuiteMask==VER_SUITE_PERSONAL)  //Windows Vista
                            vmark=_T("Home");
                        break;
                }
                break;
            default:
                vmark=_T("");
        }
        return vmark;
    }
    else
        return _T("");
}
另外，操作系统的补丁包名称也可以从szCSDVersion直接获取。
程序编译出来后大家可以用不同版本的兼容模式运行这个程序，来检测结果是不是正确，兼容模式会欺骗GetVersionEx这些API函数，拿Windows 98 兼容模式来说，程序会以为自己是在Windows 98 上运行。
有什么问题请给我留言，如果在本页面下发没有看到有留言请刷新一下页面。

附1：dwPlatformId的值：
VER_PLATFORM_WIN32s (Win32s),
VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_WINDOWS (Windows 95/Windows 98),
VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT (Windows NT/Windows 2000),
VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_CEHH (Windows CE).
附2：wSuiteMask的值：
VER_SUITE_SMALLBUSINESS,
VER_SUITE_ENTERPRISE,
VER_SUITE_BACKOFFICE,
VER_SUITE_COMMUNICATIONS,
VER_SUITE_TERMINAL,
VER_SUITE_SMALLBUSINESS_RESTRICTED,
VER_SUITE_EMBEDDEDNT,
VER_SUITE_DATACENTER.
附3：wProductType的值：
VER_NT_WORKSTATION,
VER_NT_SERVER,
VER_NT_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER.

 

 

Operating system	Version number	dwMajorVersion	dwMinorVersion	Other
Windows 7	6.1	6	1	OSVERSIONINFOEX.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION
Windows Server 2008 R2	6.1	6	1	OSVERSIONINFOEX.wProductType != VER_NT_WORKSTATION
Windows Server 2008	6.0	6	0	OSVERSIONINFOEX.wProductType != VER_NT_WORKSTATION
Windows Vista	6.0	6	0	OSVERSIONINFOEX.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION
Windows Server 2003 R2	5.2	5	2	GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2) != 0
Windows Home Server	5.2	5	2	OSVERSIONINFOEX.wSuiteMask == VER_SUITE_WH_SERVER
Windows Server 2003	5.2	5	2	GetSystemMetrics(SM_SERVERR2) == 0
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition	5.2	5	2	(OSVERSIONINFOEX.wProductType == VER_NT_WORKSTATION) && (SYSTEM_INFO.wProcessorArchitecture==PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_AMD64)
Windows XP	5.1	5	1	Not applicable
Windows 2000	5.0	5	0	Not applicable