linux------磁盘配额

首先检查硬盘，分区格式化
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14          78      522112+  82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3              79        1044     7759395   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklab                                                                                                  el
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1044.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1044, default 1044):
Using default value 1044

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
1048576 inodes, 2096474 blocks
104823 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648
64 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
检查系统内核对磁盘配额的支持
[root@localhost ~]# dmesg |grep quota
VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep quota
quota-3.13-1.2.3.2.el5
           挂载磁盘并复制home 文件夹中的所有内容到磁盘内，查看，然后删除home 的内容
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /home/* /mnt/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /mnt
total 20
drwx------ 2 root   root   16384 Feb 20 00:29 lost+found
drwx------ 2 redhat redhat  4096 Aug 17  2008 redhat
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /home/redhat
[root@localhost ~]# ll /home
total 0
         编辑系统文件是之开机后自动挂载
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               /home                   ext3    defaults,usrquota,grpquota      0 1
重启
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
重启后检查是否配置正确
[root@localhost ~]# mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sdb1 on /home type ext3 (rw,usrquota,grpquota)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
开始为用户创建磁盘配额
[root@localhost ~]# quotacheck -acugv
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/sdb1 [/home] quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file: No such file or directory
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file: No such file or directory
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file: No such file or directory
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file: No such file or directory
done
quotacheck: Checked 4 directories and 5 files
quotacheck: Old file not found.
quotacheck: Old file not found.
[root@localhost ~]# ll /home
total 36
-rw------- 1 root   root    7168 Feb 20 01:04 aquota.group
-rw------- 1 root   root    7168 Feb 20 01:04 aquota.user
drwx------ 2 root   root   16384 Feb 20 00:29 lost+found
drwx------ 2 redhat redhat  4096 Aug 17  2008 redhat
[root@localhost ~]# quotaon -avug
/dev/sdb1 [/home]: group quotas turned on
/dev/sdb1 [/home]: user quotas turned on
[root@localhost ~]# edquota -u redhat
Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 500):
  Filesystem                   blocks       soft       hard     inodes     soft     hard
  /dev/sdb1                        16      490000     5000000     4       4900       5000
创建一个用户，并将新用户的的配置信息与redhat 的相同
[root@localhost ~]# useradd hq
[root@localhost ~]# passwd hq
Changing password for user hq.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is WAY too short
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost ~]# edquota -p redhat hq
[root@localhost ~]# repquota -a
*** Report for user quotas on device /dev/sdb1
Block grace time: 7days; Inode grace time: 7days
                        Block limits                File limits
User            used    soft    hard  grace    used  soft  hard  grace
----------------------------------------------------------------------
root      --  149628       0       0              4     0     0
redhat    --      16  490000  500000              4  4900  5000
hq        --      16  490000  500000              4  4900  5000
用户这里检查配置是否生效
login as: redhat
[email protected]'s password:
[redhat@localhost ~]$ quota
Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 500):
     Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace
      /dev/sdb1      16  490000  500000               4    4900    5000
[redhat@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=./abc bs=1024 count=3
3+0 records in
3+0 records out
3072 bytes (3.1 kB) copied, 0.006562 seconds, 468 kB/s
[redhat@localhost ~]$ quota
Disk quotas for user redhat (uid 500):
     Filesystem  blocks   quota   limit   grace   files   quota   limit   grace
      /dev/sdb1      20  490000  500000               5    4900    5000

配置成功