之前,我们曾发布过 你应该知道的HTML5五大特性。下面,再向大家介绍一些非常实用的HTML5 JavaScript API。话说,JavaScript+CSS+HTML一直都是前端开发者的秘密武器,开发者利用它们可以开发出任何想要的东西,比如使用JavaScript访问硬件(摄像头、麦克风、游戏手柄、GPU)、访问文件系统和WebSocket。
1.Battery Status API
电池状态API,顾名思义,该API的主要用途是检查设备(笔记本电脑、手机、平板电脑)的电池状态。
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var battery = navigator.battery || navigator.webkitBattery || navigator.mozBattery
console.log("Battery charging: ", battery.charging);// true
console.log("Battery level: ", battery.level);// 0.58
console.log("Battery discharging time: ", battery.dischargingTime);
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if(Battery.isSupported()) {
// Get the battery status
var status = Battery.getStatus();
console.log('Level: ' + Math.floor(status.level * 100) + '%');// 30%
console.log('Charging: ' + status.charging); // true
console.log('Time until charged: ' + status.chargingTime); // 3600 (seconds) or Infinity
console.log('Battery time left: ' + status.dischargingTime); // 3600 (seconds) or Infinity
// Register a handler to get notified when battery status changes
Battery.onUpdate = function(status) {
console.log(status);// {level, charging, chargingTime, dischargingTime}
};
}
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浏览器兼容情况(数字表示最低版本号,减号表示不兼容):
2.Gamepad API游戏手柄API,该API允许你连接计算机和游戏控制台,使用它来玩网页游戏。
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navigator.gamepads = navigator.webkitGamepads || navigator.MozGamepads;
var requestAnimationFrame = window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
window.mozRequestAnimationFrame;
var cancelAnimationFrame = window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
window.MozCancelAnimationFrame;
var controllers = {};// Stash connected controllers.
var reqId = null;
function onConnected(e) {
controllers[e.gamepad.index] = e.gamepad;
runAnimation();
}
function onDisconnected(e) {
delete controllers[e.gamepad.index];
cancelAnimationFrame(reqId);
}
window.addEventListener('webkitgamepadconnected', onConnected, false);
window.addEventListener('webkitgamepaddisconnected', onDisconnected, false);
window.addEventListener('MozGamepadDisconnected', onDisconnected, false);
window.addEventListener('MozGamepadConnected', onConnected, false);
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浏览器兼容情况:
3.Device Orientation API
设备定位API,该API允许你收集设备的方向和移动信息。此外,该API只在具备陀螺仪功能的设备上使用。
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if (window.DeviceOrientationEvent) {
window.addEventListener('deviceorientation', function(event) {
var a = event.alpha,
b = event.beta,
g = event.gamma;
console.log('Orientation - Alpha: ' + a + ', Beta: '+ b + ', Gamma: ' + g);
}, false);
} else {
console.log('This device does not support deviceorientation');
}
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4.Geolocation API
地理定位API,开发者使用该API可以请求用户的位置信息,在网页上分享自己的位置信息等。位置信息由纬度、经度坐标和一些其他元数据组成。
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if (navigator.geolocation) {
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {
var lat = position.coords.latitude,
lon = position.coords.longitude;
console.log('Geolocation - Latitude: '+ lat +', Longitude: '+ lon);
});
}
else {
console.log('Geolocation is not supported for this Browser/OS version yet.');
}
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5.Page Visibility API
页面可见度API,该API向开发者提供了一个监听事件,可以告诉开发者当前用户浏览页面或标签的状态变化。
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document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', function(e) {
console.log('hidden:' + document.hidden,
'state:' + document.visibilityState)
}, false);
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6.Fullscreen API
全屏API,该API可以让开发人员进入到浏览器的全屏模式,用户在使用的时候可以随意启动和取消该模式。这个API特别适合游戏开发者:
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// Find the right method, call on correct element
function launchFullScreen(element) {
if(element.requestFullScreen) {
element.requestFullScreen();
} else if(element.mozRequestFullScreen) {
element.mozRequestFullScreen();
} else if(element.webkitRequestFullScreen) {
element.webkitRequestFullScreen();
}
}
// Launch fullscreen for browsers that support it!
launchFullScreen(document.documentElement);// the whole page
launchFullScreen(document.getElementById("videoElement"));// any individual ele
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7.getUserMedia API
这是个非常有趣的API,开发者使用该API可以访问多媒体设备,无需插件,比如笔记本的摄像头(要有用户权限)。与<video>和canvas元素一起使用,还可以在浏览器里面捕获许多漂亮的图片。
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// Put event listeners into place
window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
// Grab elements, create settings, etc.
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
context = canvas.getContext("2d"),
video = document.getElementById("video"),
videoObj = { "video": true },
errBack = function(error) {
console.log("Video capture error: ", error.code);
};
// Put video listeners into place
if(navigator.getUserMedia) {// Standard
navigator.getUserMedia(videoObj, function(stream) {
video.src = stream;
video.play();
}, errBack);
} else if(navigator.webkitGetUserMedia) {// WebKit-prefixed
navigator.webkitGetUserMedia(videoObj, function(stream){
video.src = window.webkitURL.createObjectURL(stream);
video.play();
}, errBack);
}
}, false);
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8.Link Prefetching
链接预取API,该API提供页面预览功能,方便开发者改善用户体验。
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<!-- full page -->
<link rel="prefetch" href=" http://davidwalsh.name/css-enhancements-user-experience" />
<!-- just an image -->
<link rel="prefetch" href=" http://davidwalsh.name/wp-content/themes/walshbook3/images/sprite.png" />
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