superword是一个Java实现的英文单词分析软件,主要研究英语单词音近形似转化规律、前缀后缀规律、词之间的相似性规律等等。
一个月的时间让你的词汇量翻一翻
The 100 most common Latin and Greek roots figure in more than 5,000 English derivatives just beyond the average person’s vocabulary of 10,000 words. They are the ones in all CAPITAL letters. By memorizing these 100 CAPITALIZED Latin and Greek prefixes, suffixes and roots, you will have a short cut to sight read an additional 5,000 words. If you learn all of them (both the caps and non-caps roots), you can double this to 10,000 additional words. Most of these words are used in medicine, law, business, science and technology. These are all words you must know in order to excel on the PSAT, SAT I and GRE, to do well in college and to have a successful career. The most important of these derived words are in CAPITALIZED BOLD print. You must know their meanings. Look these words up in your dictionary to get all the definitions. Put them on your index cards; the word on the front and definitions on the back. Many will not have the same exact meaning as the original Latin or Greek words but they will be close. When you use your dictionary, pay close attention to the Latin or Greek words from which they are derived. The Romans also combined prefixes and roots to derive new words. Many were borrowed straight from the Greek language, but most were combined with Latin to make additional words with similar but distinctive meanings. Try to get a feel for the ETYMOLOGY of these words.
By breaking a word apart into root, prefix and suffix, you will be able to determine its literal meaning. Since you have encountered the word in context, you can then guess at its present meaning. For example, take the word "interposition." The prefix is ‘INTER-’, the suffix is ‘–ION’ and the root word is ‘POSIT’. Inter- means ‘between’, -ion is ‘the act of’ and ‘POSIT’ is from Latin meaning‘to place.’ Therefore, ‘interposition’ literally means ‘the act of placing between.’ Another example is the word "antipathy." The prefix is ‘ANTI-’, the Greek root word is ‘PATH’ and the suffix is ‘-Y.’ Anti- means ‘against’, the suffix,-y, is ‘the state of’ and PATH means ‘to feel.’ Antipathy therefore means ‘the state of feeling against’. Not all derived words have both a prefix and a suffix, many will have one or the other, some will use just the root word and others will combine two root words, as in ‘manuscript’ and ‘astronaut.’ Man- is the Latin root for ‘hand’ and script is the Latin root ‘to write.’ Astro is the Greek word for ‘star’ and ‘naut’ means sailor.
The secret to increasing your vocabulary is not by memorizing a lot of words. The secret is in knowing how combining different prefixes and suffixes with a root word makes new words. For example, let’s take the Latin word gressum which means ‘to walk, to step or move forward’ and by combining the prefixes, A(D)-, CON-, DI-, E-, PRO-, RE-, RETRO- and TRANS- with the combining word "-GRESS-", we get 8 more words. If we add the suffixes –ION, -IVE, and –OR in turn to each of these words we derive 24 additional words for a total of 32 words. By knowing the meaning of the root word, and the 8 prefixes and 3 suffixes you also know the meaning of the 32 derived words. I use this example of making words to show you how easy it is to take words apart and thereby learn their meaning. As an exercise, combine these prefixes and suffixes with the root word to form the 32 words, write them down and look up their meanings.
Since many Greek words were assimilated by the Romans and Latin words also come down to us through French, Italian and Spanish, the modern spelling of some of these words can be quite different from the original Latin or Greek.
The Latin and Greek prefixes, suffixes and root words are listed alphabetically.
1. Latin Prefixes
The prefixes listed below are from Latin prepositions. They are attached to nouns, adjectives and especially to verbs. When taking apart compound verbs and defining them, it is best to translate the prefix as adverbial rather than prepositional. For example, abduct divides into ab (away) and duct (lead) and so means ‘lead away’ and not ‘away from leading’. Some of these prefixes have different forms depending on the initial letter of the root word. This makes the derived word more pronounceable and is known as assimilation. A prime example is the prefix SUB- which also has SUC-,SUF-,SUG-,SUM-, SUP-, SUR-, and SUS- as different forms.
Prefix |
Meaning |
Examples |
A- |
not, without |
amoral, APATHY, ANOMALY |
AB-, ABS- |
away from, off, apart |
abrupt, ABSCOND, ABSTRACT |
AD-, AC-, AN-, AS- |
toward, against |
advent, accurate, ANNOTATE, assent |
AMBI-, AMB- |
around, about, on both sides |
AMBIGUOUS, AMBIVALENT |
ANTE- |
before, in front of, early |
antecede, antedate, antebellum |
ARCH- |
main, chief |
archangel, archbishop, archenemy |
BI- |
two |
bifurcate, biannually |
BENE- |
well |
BENEFACTOR, benefit, beneficial |
CIRCUM-, CIRA- |
around, about |
circumflex, circumference, circa |
CIS- |
on this side of |
cislunar, cisalpine |
CON- |
with, together |
concur, concede, CONSCRIPT |
COM-, COR-, COL- |
together, with, very |
COMPRISE, corrode, colleteral |
CONTRA- |
against |
contradict, controversy, contravene |
COUNTER- |
against |
counterfeit, counterclockwise |
DE- |
down, down from, off, utterly |
deformed, defoliate, descend, depress |
DEMI- |
half, partly belongs to |
demisemiquaver, demigod |
DIS-, DI-, DIF- |
apart, in different directions |
DIGRESS, divorce, dispute, DISCERN |
DU-, DUO- |
two |
duet, duplicate |
EM-, EN- |
in, into |
embrace, enclose |
EX-, E-, EF-, EC- |
out, out of, from, away |
EXTOL, event, expel, evade, ELUCIDATE |
EXTRA-, EXTRO- |
outside of, beyond |
extraordinary, extrovert, EXTRAPOLATE |
FORE- |
before |
forestall, forgo, forebear |
IN-, I-, IL-, IM-, IR- |
in, into, on, toward, put into |
incision, impel, impulse, irrigate |
|
not, lacking, without |
illegal, ignominious, impure, immoral |
|
(same as above) |
immodest, indecent, INCOHERENT |
INDU-, INDI- |
a strengthened form of IN- |
indigent |
INFRA- |
below, beneath, inferior to, after |
infrared, infrasonic |
INTER-, INTEL- |
among, between, at intervals |
intercede, intercept, intellect |
INTRA- |
in, within, inside of |
intramural, intravenous |
INTRO- |
in, into, within |
introduce, introspective |
JUXTA- |
near, beside |
juxtapose, juxtaposition |
MAL-, MALE- |
evil, badly |
malformed, malicious, malaise, maladroit |
MEDI-, MEDIO- |
middle |
median, mediocre |
MILLI-, MILLE- |
thousand |
millennium, millimeter |
MONO- |
one |
MONARCH, MONOTONE |
MULTI-, MULTUS- |
much, many |
multifaceted, multiply, multilevel |
NE- |
not |
neuter, NEUTRAL |
NON- |
not (less emphatic than IN or UN) |
nonresident, nonconformity |
NUL-, NULL- |
none, not any |
nullify, nullification |
OB-, OF-, OC- |
toward, against, across, down, for |
oblong, OBDURATE, offer, occasion, occur |
OP-, O- |
toward, against, across, down, for |
oppose, opposite, omit, offer |
OMNI- |
all, everywhere |
omniscient, omnivorous |
PED-, PEDI- |
foot |
pedestrian, pedicure |
PER-, PEL- |
through, by, thoroughly, away |
PERMEATE, perfidy, pellucid |
POST- |
behind, after (in time or place) |
postpone, postnatal, postorbital |
PRE- |
before, early, toward |
precedent, precept, preposition |
PRO-, PUR- |
before, for, forth |
proceed, purport, pursue, PROLONG |
QUADRI-, QUADR- |
four times, four fold |
quadriceps, quadrisect, quadrangle |
RE-, RED- |
back, again, against, behind |
repel, RELEGATE, redeem, redemption |
RETRO- |
backwards, behind |
retrogressive, retrofit, retrograde |
SE-, SED- |
aside, apart, away from |
secure, seduce, seclude, sedition, select |
SEMI- |
half |
semicircle, semiprivate |
SINE- |
without |
sinecure |
SUB-, SUC-, SUF- |
under, beneath, inferior |
suffer, SUBMISSIVE, succumb |
SUG-, SUM-, SUP- |
less than, in place of, secretly |
suggest, subtract, suffuse, support |
SUR-, SUS- |
(same as above meanings) |
suspend, surplus |
SUBTER- |
beneath, secretly |
subterfuge |
SUPER-, SUPRA- |
over, above, excessively |
SUPERFICIAL, SUPERCILIOUS |
SUR- |
over, above, excessively |
surcharge, surtax, surplus, surrealism |
TRANS-, TRA- |
across, over, beyond, through |
transoceanic, transgression, transit, transition |
TRI- |
three |
triangle, triceps |
ULTRA- |
beyond, on other side |
ultrasound, ultraconservative |
UN- |
no, not, without |
unabashed, unashamed |
2. Latin Suffixes
You will also find a few Old English suffixes here since they are used quite freely with Latin and Greek root words.
Suffix |
Meaning |
Examples |
-ABLE, -ABLY |
able to, capable of being |
unalienable, insuperable |
-ACY |
state or quality of being |
intricacy, democracy |
-AGE |
belonging to, related to |
marriage, acreage, postage |
-AL |
pertaining to, act of |
infinitesimal, EPHEMERAL |
-ANA |
sayings, writtings, facts of |
Americana |
-AN, -ANT, -ENT |
one who is |
charlatan, blatant, strident |
-ANCE |
act of, state of being, thing that |
ABEYANCE |
-ARY |
belonging to, a relation to |
hereditary, subsidiary |
-ATE |
having |
alienate, incarnate, insensate |
-ATION, -ITION |
the act of, result of |
alteration, compilation, nutrition |
-AR |
relating to, like; the nature of |
singular, polar, vicar, scholar |
-BULUM, -BLE |
means, instrument, place |
fable, stable |
-CIDE, -CIDAL |
killer; having power to kill |
insecticide, suicidal |
-CRAT, -CRACY |
to govern |
bureaucracy, plutocracy |
-CULUM, -CLE |
means, instrument, place |
curriculum, fulcrum |
-EN |
to become, or cause to be |
darken, weaken |
-ENCE |
act, fact, quality, state |
conference, excellence, despondence |
-ENCY |
state of being |
clemency, dependency |
-ER, -OR |
one who |
interlocutor, volunteer |
-ENT |
has, shows, or does |
circumvent, INADVERTENT |
-ERY, -RY |
a place to/for; occupation of |
tannery, vinery, dentistry, jewelry |
-ESCE |
becoming |
obsolescent, COALESCE |
-FY |
to make, cause to be, or become |
CLARIFY, horrify |
-HOOD |
state, quality; group of |
childhood, priesthood |
-IAN |
belonging to, a relation to |
vulgarian, plebian |
-IER |
a person concerned with |
soldier |
-IBLE |
able to be |
susceptible, flexible |
-IC |
pertaining to |
ASCETIC, PROSAIC, ENDEMIC |
-ICE |
state or quality of being |
avarice |
-IL, -ILE |
having to do with |
docil, missile, civil, fossil |
-ION |
the act or result of, one who |
legion, opinion |
-IUM, -Y, -CE, -GE |
the act of |
colloquium, colloquy, refuge |
-CIUM, -TIUM, -GIUM |
something connected with the act |
consortium, compendium |
-ISH |
of, or belonging to; like |
devilish, boyish, foolish, bookish |
-IST |
a person who does, makes, practices |
ALTRUIST, artist |
-ITIOUS |
having the nature of |
nutritious, seditious |
-ITUDE, -TUDE |
state of being |
verisimilitude, aptitude |
-ITY |
state, character, condition |
ANIMOSITY, stability |
-IVE |
one who, that which is |
pensive, ELUSIVE, deductive |
-LESS |
(OE) without, lacking |
relentless, tireless |
-LIKE |
characteristic of; suitable for |
manlike, childlike, godlike |
-LY |
specified manner, extent, direction |
harshly, hourly |
-MEN |
result, or means |
acumen, specimen |
-MENTUM, -MENT |
result, or means of an act |
armament, impediment, moment |
-NESS |
state, quality of being |
greatness, sadness |
-OON |
one who |
buffoon |
-OR |
act, or condition of |
error, terror, PRECURSOR |
-ORY |
relating to, thing which, place where |
AMBULATORY, laboratory |
-OSE, -OUS |
having, full of, characterized by |
IMPERVIOUS, unctuous, perilous |
-SHIP |
quality, condition, state of |
fellowship, friendship |
-SOME |
like, tending to be |
tiresome, lonesome |
-TION |
state of that which |
convocation, commotion |
-TUDE |
state of being |
verisimilitude, aptitude |
-ULUS, -ULOUS |
tending to |
CREDULOUS, pendulous |
-URE |
state or act of |
CENSURE, tenure |
-UUS, -UOUS |
tending to |
INNOCUOUS |
-VOROUS, -VORE |
eating, feeding on |
omnivorous, herbivore |
-WISE |
direction, manner, in regard to |
clockwise |
-Y |
state of being |
nullity, APATHY |
3. Latin Number Forms
Prefix |
Meaning |
Examples |
UNI- |
one |
UNIFORM, unicorn, unilateral |
PRIM-, PRIMO- |
first |
primary, primitive, primogenitor |
DU- |
two |
duet, dual |
BI-, BIN- |
two, twice |
bicycle, binoculars |
SECOND- |
second |
secondary |
TRI- |
three |
triangle, tricycle, trinity |
TERTI- |
third |
tertiary |
QUADR-, QUADRU- |
four |
quadrangle, quadruple |
QUART- |
fourth |
quarter |
QUINQUE-, QUINT- |
five, fifth |
quintet, quintessence |
SEX-, SEXT- |
six, sixth |
sextet, sextant |
SEPT-, SEPTEM- |
seven |
septet, September |
OCT- |
eight |
octet, October |
OCTAV- |
eighth |
octave, octagon |
NOVEM- |
nine |
November |
NON- |
ninth |
nonagon |
DECEM- |
ten |
December |
DECIM- |
tenth |
decimal, DECIMATE |
CENT- |
hundre |
century, centennial |
MILL- |
thousand |
millimeter, millennium |
SESQUI- |
one and a half times |
sesquicentennial |
SEMI- |
half, partly |
semiannual |
4. Latin Base Words
Latin word |
Meaning |
Examples |
abstinere |
to hold back |
abstain, ABSTINENCE |
accollare |
to embrace |
ACCOLADE |
acerbus, AC, ACR |
sharp, bitter, sour |
acerbic, acrid, acumen, acrimony |
actuare |
to do, to move |
ACTUATE |
actus, ACT |
drive, lead, to do, to act |
active, activate, activism, react |
acurer |
to sharpen |
ACUTE, acumen, acuity |
adbaetere |
witness, judge |
ARBITER |
adjacere |
to lie near |
adjacent |
aemulus |
trying to equal, excel |
EMULATE |
aequus |
equal |
EQUIVALENT |
affecere, AFFE |
a state of feeling, to feign |
AFFECTATION, AFFECTED |
ager, agri, agro, AGR |
field |
agronomy |
agere, AG |
drive, lead, to do, to act |
agility, agitate, AGENDA |
alacer |
eager, quick, brisk |
ALACRITY |
albus |
white |
albino, albedo, albescent |
alere, altum, AL, ALT |
grow, nourish |
altrical |
alius |
other, else |
alias, ALIENATE |
alienus, ALIEN |
of another, other |
alien, alienation, unalienable |
alludere |
to joke, jest |
allude, ALLUSION |
alter, ALTER |
other, another |
alternative, altercation, ADULTERATE |
alter |
other of two |
ALTERNATIVE |
altus |
high, deep |
alto, altimeter, exaltation |
amare, AM, AMAT |
to love, friend |
AMIABLE, enamored, amorous |
ambulare, AMB |
to walk, to go |
amble, preamble, AMBULATORY |
amicus |
friend |
AMITY |
amplus |
large, spacious |
ample |
anecdota |
unpublished |
ANCEDOTE |
angere, anxius |
to give pain |
ANXIOUS, ANXIETY |
angulus |
a corner |
angle, ANGULAR |
anima |
breath, spirit, soul |
ANIMOSITY, inanimate, unanimous |
animus, ANIM |
reason, mind, soul, life |
ANIMATE, magnanimous |
annus, ANNU, ENNI |
year |
annual, biennial, centennial, PERENNIAL |
anomalia |
inequality |
ANOMALY |
antiquus |
old, ancient |
antiquity, antique, ANTIQUATED |
apertum, APERT |
open, uncovered |
aperture |
apparere |
to come forth |
apparent, appearance, APPARITION |
appellare, APPELL |
address, entreat, call |
appellation |
apprehendere |
to take hold of |
apprehend, APPREHENSIVE |
apprenare |
to teach |
APPRISE |
aptare, aptus, APT, EPT |
to fit, suitable |
aptitude, adapt, INEPT |
aqua |
water |
aqueous, aqueduct, aquifer, aquarium |
arabilis |
to plow |
ARABLE |
arbit |
judge |
ARBITRATION, arbitrary |
arbor |
tree |
arboretum, arboreal |
archein, ARCH |
to rule |
MONARCH |
ardere ARD |
be on fire, to burn |
ardor, ARDUOUS |
arere |
to be dry |
ARID |
arguere |
make clear |
argument |
arma |
implements, weapons |
arm, armament, ARMADA |
arrogare |
full of pride |
ARROGANT, ARROGANCE |
arsum, ARS |
be on fire |
arson |
ars, artis, ART |
skill, craft, method |
art, artisan, artist |
articulare |
jointed; utter distinctly |
ARTICULATE, inarticulate |
artificium |
art-craft + facere-to make |
artifact, artifice, artificial |
ascendere |
to scale, climb |
ascend, ASCENDANCY |
aspergere |
to sprinkle on |
asperse, ASPERSION |
assidere |
to sit beside, assist |
assess, assist |
assiduitas |
constant presence |
assiduity, ASSIDUOUS |
astus |
crafty, cunning |
ASTUTE |
auctor |
author, enlarger |
AUTHORITY, authorize |
audere, AUD |
to dare, be bold |
AUDACIOUS, AUDACITY |
augere, augtum |
to increase |
augmentation, augur, august |
audire, AUD |
to hear |
audible, audio |
auditum, AUDIT |
to hear |
audition |
augere, AUG, AUX |
to increase |
AUGMENT, auxiliary |
auctum, AUCT |
increase |
auction |
auris |
ear |
auricle, auriform |
auspicium |
good omen, approval |
auspice, AUSPICIOUS |
authentious |
real, genuine |
AUTHENTIC |
avarus |
greedy |
AVARICE, avaricious |
avertere |
to turn away |
avert |
avis |
bird |
avian, aviary, aviation, avionics |
beatus |
happy, blessed |
beatific, beatitude |
bella, bellus |
beautiful |
EMBELLISH |
bellum, BEL, BELL |
to wage war |
bellicose, rebellious, BELLIGERENT |
bene, BEN |
well, good |
benevolence, BENEFICENT, BENIGN |
bibere |
to drink |
bibulous, IMBIBE |
blaterare |
to babble, to roar |
BLATANT |
bonus, BON |
good |
bonanza, bonny, bon voyage, bonus |
melior |
better |
AMELIORATE |
optimus |
best |
optimum |
brachium |
an arm |
EMBRACE |
brevis, BRI, BREV |
brief, short |
BREVITY, abbreviate, abridge |
burla |
a jest |
BURLESQUE |
cadere, CAD |
to fall, happen by chance |
DECADENT, cadaver, cascade |
cidere, CID |
to fall, happen by chance |
coincidence, RECIDIVISM |
casum, CAS |
to fall, happen by chance |
cascade |
caedere, cide |
to cut, kill |
incision, pesticide |
calere, CAL |
be warm, glow |
caloric, calorie |
callum |
hard skin |
callus |
calx, CALC |
pebble, to reckon |
calculate, calculus |
candere, CAND |
glow, pure, sincere |
incandescence, candor, CANDID |
canere, CANT, CHANT |
to sing |
RECANT, chant, enchant |
canis |
dog |
canine |
capere, CAP, CAPT |
to take, to seize |
captive, capture, intercept, CAPTIOUS |
capra |
a she goat (impulsive) |
CAPRICIOUS, caprice |
capere, CIP, CEPT |
to take, to seize |
INCIPIENT, precept, susceptible |
caput, CAP, CAPIT |
head, headlong |
cape, chapter, capital, principle |
cardo, CARDIN |
hinge |
cardinal |
caro, CARN |
flesh |
carnal, incarnate, carnivore |
castigare |
to purify, chastise |
CASTIGATE |
cauda |
a tail |
CODA |
causa |
cause, reason |
causal, causation |
cavare, cavus |
to make hollow |
CAVERNOUS, cavity, excavate |
cedere, CED, CEED |
to go, to yield |
recede, precede, exceed, PREDECESSOR |
cessum, CESS |
to go, to yield |
concession, access, recess |
celeber, CELEBR |
honored |
celebrant, celebrity, celebrate |
cella |
storeroom |
cell, cellar |
censere, CENS |
assess, rate, estimate |
census, CENSURE |
centrum, CENTR |
center |
concentric, concentrate, ECCENTRIC |
centum, centi |
hundred, tenth, ten |
percent, centimeter, century |
cernere, CERN, CERT |
distinguish, separate, decide |
discern, certitude, DISCERNMENT |
cerebrum |
brain |
cerebral, cerebrate, cerebellum |
cerratanus |
seller of Papal indulgences |
CHARLATAN |
cessare |
to cease |
INCESSANT |
ciere, citum, CI |
move, stir, rouse, call |
cite, citation |
citum, CIT |
move, stir, rouse, call |
excite, incite, SOLICIT, solicitous |
civis |
citizen, community |
civic, civility, civilian |
clamere, CLAIM |
to shout, claim, cry out |
CLARIFY, ACCLAIM, RECLAIM |
clamatum, CLAM |
to shout, claim, cry out |
CLAMOR, PROCLAIM, declaration |
clarus |
bright, clear, famous |
clarion, clarity |
clausum, CLU |
to close, shut |
recluse, exclude, include, conclusion, PRECLUDE |
clavis |
key |
clavicle, clavier, ENCLAVE |
clemens |
mild, merciful |
CLEMENCY |
clinatum, CLI, CLIN |
lean, slope |
incline, inclination, CLINOMETER |
coagulare |
to curdle |
COAGULATE |
codex, CODIC |
book, tree trun |
code, codicil |
coercere |
to surrond, restrain |
COERCE |
cogitare, COG |
to think |
COGENT, cogitative |
cogitatum, COGITAT |
to think |
COGITATE |
cognoscere, cognitum |
to know |
INCOGNITO, cognition, ignorant COGNIZANT |
cohaerere |
co-together + haerere-stick |
cohere, coherence, INCOHERENT |
colare |
to strain, filter |
percolate, colander |
color |
to hide, conceal |
coloration, COLOR |
commodus |
suitable |
COMMODITY |
complacere |
to be pleased |
complacency, COMPLAISANT |
complere |
to fill up |
complete, comply, COMPLIANT |
computare |
to compute |
count, DISCOUNT |
comsentire (com + sentire) |
to feel with |
consent, CONSENSUS |
concidere |
to cut off |
CONCISE |
conciliare |
bring together, win over |
conciliate, CONCILIATORY, RECONCILE |
conterere, contritio |
ground to pieces, grief |
CONTRITE, contrition |
condensus |
dense, compact |
CONDENSE |
condere |
to put together, hide |
RECONDITE |
condescendere |
to let oneself down |
CONDESCEND |
congruere |
come together |
CONGRUENT, INCONGRUOUS |
contemnere |
con-with + temnere-scorn |
CONTEMPT |
contendere |
stretch out, strive after |
CONTENTIOUS, contend, contention |
copia |
abundance |
COPIOUS |
cor, CORD, COUR |
heart |
courage, cordial, accord |
corium |
skin, hide |
excoriate |
cornu copia |
(cornu) horn (copia) plenty |
CORNUCOPIA |
corona |
crown |
corona, coronary, coronation |
corpus, CORPOR |
body |
corporeal, corporation |
corroborare |
to strengthen |
CORROBORATE |
corrumpere |
destroy, spoil, bribe |
CORRUPT |
creare, CREA |
create, grow |
create, creative |
crescere, CRESC |
grow, increase |
CRESCENDO, accretion |
cretum, CRE, CRET |
grow, increase |
increase, increment |
credere, CRED |
to believe, to trust |
credentials, incredible, credence |
creditum, CREDIT |
to believe, to trust |
credit |
cretum, CRET, CRIM |
distinguish, separate, decide |
secret, DISCRIMINATE, recrimination |
crimen, CRIMIN |
accusation, charge |
incriminate, criminology |
cruce |
pot, jug |
crucible |
culminare |
peak, summit |
CULMINATE |
culpa, CULP |
fault, blame, guilt |
culprit, CULPABLE, exculpate |
cultus, CULT |
to till, care |
CULTIVATE, culture, cult |
cumbere, CUB, CUMB |
to lie down |
incubate, recumbent, SUCCUMB |
cura, CUR, CURAT |
to care for |
sinecure, secure |
currere, CURR |
to run |
recur, current |
cursum, CURS |
to run |
CURSORY, cursive |
crux, CRUC |
cross, to torture |
crucial, crucify, excruciating, crusade |
debere, DEB |
to owe |
debt, debtor |
debitum, DEBIT |
to owe |
debit |
debilitare |
to weaken |
DEBILITATE |
decorus |
fit; proper |
DECORUM, DECOROUS, indecorous |
deffere |
to bring down, yield |
defer, DEFFERENCE |
delectar |
to charm |
delectable, DILETTANTE |
deliberare |
to consider, weigh well |
DELIBERATE |
delirare |
(to plow crooked) to rave |
DELIRIUM, DELIRIOUS |
deminuere |
to lessen from |
DEMINISH, diminutive |
dens, dentis |
tooth |
denture, dentifrice, endodontia |
denuntiare |
to announce, denounce |
denunciation, DENOUNCE |
depravare |
to make crooked |
deprave, DEPRAVITY |
desiccare |
to dry up completely |
DESICCATE |
determinare |
to set bounds from |
DETERMINED |
deus, dei |
god, godly |
deify, deity, deism |
devotus |
to show reverence |
devout, DEVOTION |
dexter |
right, right hand |
dexterous, AMBIDEXTROUS |
dicere, DIC |
to say, to spea |
indict, abdicate, PREDICAMENT |
dictum, DICT |
to say, to speak |
dictate, verdict, edict, indict |
dies |
day |
diurnal |
difficilis |
hard to do |
difficult |
diffidere |
to distrust |
diffidence, DIFFIDENT |
dignari |
to consider, worthy |
deign, DISDAIN, INDIGNANT |
dignus, DIGN |
worthy |
dignify, dignitary, INDIGNANT |
dilatare |
dis-apart + latus-wide |
dilate, dilation |
discordia |
dis-apart + cor-heart |
DISCORD, discordant |
discurrere (dis + currere) |
to run to and fro |
DISCOURSE |
distare |
to stand apart |
DISTANT |
distinguere |
to separate |
DISTINGUISHED |
docere, DOC |
teach |
doctrine, document |
doctum, DOCT |
teach |
doctor |
dolere, DOL |
be in pain, grieve |
doleful, dolorous, INDOLENT |
domitare |
to tame |
INDOMITABLE |
dominus, dominium |
a lord, right of ownership |
domain, dominate, domineer |
domus |
house, home |
domesticity, DOMESTICATE, domicile |
donare, DON, DOT |
give, forgive |
CONDONE, donation, donor |
dormire, dorm |
to sleep |
dormitory |
dotare |
to endow |
ENDOW, ENDOWMENT |
dubius, DUB |
doubt |
DUBIOUS, indubitable |
ducere, DUC |
to lead |
seduce, induce, subduce, SUBDUE |
ductum, DUCT |
to lead |
conduct, ductile |
durare, durus, DUR |
to harden, hard |
duress, OBDURATE, DURABLE, ENDURANCE |
ebullire |
to boil up |
EBULLIENT |
effectu |
bring to pass, accomplish |
effective, EFFECTUAL |
effluere |
to flow out |
EFFLUENCE, EFFLUVIUM |
elicere |
to draw out |
ELICIT |
emendare |
to correct |
EMEND, AMEND |
emoliri |
accomplish |
emolument |
enhaucere |
to raise high |
ENHANCE |
equis, EQU, IQU |
equal, even |
equidistant, INIQUITY, equivalent |
errare, ERR |
wander, go astray |
errant, error, err, ERRONEOUS |
erraticus, ERRAT |
wander, go astray |
ERRATIC, ABERRATION |
erudire |
to instruct |
ERUDITE |
essentia |
to be |
ESSENCE, ESSENTIAL |
ethicus |
character, custom |
ETHICAL |
evitare |
to shun, avoid |
evitable, INEVITABLE |
exemplum |
a pattern, example |
EXEMPLARY, EXEMPLIFY |
exhaustus |
to draw out, exhaust |
EXHAUSTIVE |
exhortari |
ex-out + hortari-to urge |
EXHORT, exortation |
exigere, exigens |
to drive out |
exigency, EXIGENT |
exoticus |
foreign, strange |
EXOTIC, exotica |
exorbitare |
to go out of the track |
EXORBITANT |
expeditus |
hasen, dispatch |
EXPEDITE, EXPEDIENT |
exponere |
to put forth |
expound, expose, EXPOSITION |
expungere |
mark for omission, erase |
EXPUNGE |
extirpare |
to root out |
EXTIRPATE |
extraneare |
to treat as a stranger |
ESTRANGE |
extremus |
last, outermost |
EXTREME, extremity |
extricatus |
to disentangle |
EXTRICATE |
exuberare |
to come forth in abundance |
EXUBERANT, exuberance |
fabula |
story |
fable, fabulous |
facilis |
easy, to make easy |
facile, facility, FACILITATE |
facere, factum, FAC, FIC |
to do, to make |
facsimile, EFFACE, fiction, SURFEIT |
facetia |
a jest, witty |
facetiae, FACETIOUS |
factum, FACT |
to do, to make |
manufacture, factory |
fallere |
to deceive, disappoint |
FALLACIOUS, infallible |
fama |
fame, reputation |
famous, INFAMOUS |
fanaticus |
enthusiastic |
FANATIC |
fanus, fanum |
a temple |
PROFANE, PROFANITY |
fari, FAB, FAM |
speak |
fame, fable, AFFABLE, famous |
fastidium |
loathing, disgust |
FASTIDIOUS |
fatuus |
silly |
FATUOUS, fatuity |
fecundus |
fertile, fruitful |
FECUND, fatuity |
femina |
woman |
female, feminine, femininity |
fendere, FEND |
to resist, hit, strike |
defend, offend, offense |
ferre, FER |
to carry, to bear |
refer, transfer, conference, proffer |
ferrum |
iron |
ferric, ferrous, ferrotype |
fertilis |
to bear fruit |
FERTILE, fertility |
fervere, FERV |
boil, ferment |
FERVOR, EFFERVESCENT, fervid |
fetidus |
to stink |
FETID |
fidere, fides, FID |
faith, trust, rely on |
fidelity, PERFIDY, perfidious, fiduciary |
figare, fixus |
to fasten, attach |
fixative, crucifix, suffix |
firmare, FIRM |
to make firm, strengthen |
AFFIRM, confirm, firmament |
fingere |
to touch, handle |
feint, FEIGN |
finire, finis, FIN |
to end, limit |
final, finite, infinity, confinement |
fissum, FISS |
split, burst |
fissure |
fictum, FICT |
form, shape, mold |
fiction, fictitious |
finis, FIN |
end, limit |
final, definite |
flagrare, FLAG, FLAM |
to burn, flame, blaze |
flammable, FLAGRANT, conflagration |
flare, flatus |
blow |
deflate, inflation |
flectere, FLECT |
bend, turn |
deflection, inflection, reflect |
flexum, FLEX |
bend, turn |
flexible |
fligere, FLICT |
to strike, drive, dash |
afflict, inflict, conflict, PROFLIGATE |
florere, FLOR |
thrive, to flower |
FLOURISH, florid |
fluitas, (superfluere) |
to overflow |
SUPERFLUOUS, SUPERFLUITY |
fluere, FLU |
flow |
confluence, fluid, flume, influence |
fluxum, FLUX |
flow |
influx |
foris |
out of doors, beyond |
FORFEIT, FORFEITURE |
forma, FORM |
shape, beauty, constant |
UNIFORM, REFORM, FORMAL |
fortis, FORT |
strong, brave |
fortify, force, forte, comfort, FORTITUDE |
fortuna, FORT |
chance, luck |
fortunate, FORTUITOUS |
fundare, FOUND, FUND |
bottom |
foundation, fundamental, PROFOUND |
frangere, FRANG |
to break |
frangible, fragment |
frangere, FRAG |
to break |
fragment, fragile |
fractrum, FRACT |
to break |
fraction, fracture |
frater, FRATR |
brother |
fraternal, fraternize |
fraus, FRAUD |
deceit, trickery |
fraud, FRAUDULENT |
frivolus |
fragile, silly |
FRIVOLOUS, frivolity |
fructus, FRUIT, FRUG |
fruit, produce |
fruitful, fruition |
frugalis |
proper, worthy |
FRUGAL |
fugere, FUG |
flee, escape |
fugacious |
fugitum, FUGIT |
flee, escape |
fugitive |
fulmen |
lightning, thunderbolt |
FULMINATE |
fumus |
smoke |
fumitory, fumarole |
fundere, FUND |
to pour out, shed, scatter |
refund, FUSILLADE |
fungi, FUNG |
perform, do, discharge |
function |
functum, FUNCT |
perform, do, discharge |
functionary |
funus, FUNER |
death, funeral |
funeral, funereal |
furere, FUR |
rave, rage |
fury, furious, infuriate |
furtum |
theft, stealthy |
FURTIVE |
fusum, FUS |
pour, shed, scatter |
diffuse, PROFUSE, effusive |
futilis |
worthless, untrustworthy |
FUTILE, futility |
garrire |
chatter |
GARRULOUS |
genialis |
of birth, generation |
GENIAL, congenital, CONGENIAL |
genus, GEN, GENER |
birth, race, kind |
GENRE, generic, generous, generation |
gestum, GEST |
carry, wear, wage |
gestation, gesture |
gladius |
sword |
gladiator, gladiate |
globus |
ball, sphere |
globe, global |
glutire |
to devour |
GLUTTON, gluttonous |
gradior, GRAD, GRADI |
walk, step; move foreward |
gradual, retrograde, gradient |
gressum, GRESS |
walk, step; move foreward |
progress, aggressive, REGRESS |
grandis, GRAND |
great |
grandeur, grandiose, grandiloquent, AGGRANDIZE |
gratia |
favor, grace |
grace |
gratus, GRAT |
pleasing, favorable |
gratitude, congratulate, INGRATIATE |
gravis, GRAV, GRIEV |
heavy, serious |
grave, grievance, AGGRAVATE, gravid, grief, AGGRIEVE, GRAVITY |
grex, GREG |
flock, herd |
congregate, segregate, GREGARIOUS |
habere, HAB |
to have, hold, keep |
habit, inhabit |
habeo, HABIT |
to have, hold, keep |
habitual, habituate |
haerere, HER, HES |
to cling, stick |
adhesive, cohesive, adherent, INHERENT |
haeresis |
school of thought, sect |
heretic, HERESY |
harmonicus |
fitting, agreement |
HARMONY, harmonic |
heres, HERED |
heir |
hereditary, heredity |
herba |
grass, herb |
herbivorous, herbaceous |
hilarare, hilaris |
to gladden, merry |
hilarious, exhilarate |
histrio |
actor |
HISTRIONICS |
homo, HOMIN |
man, human being |
homicidal, hominize |
horrere, HORR |
shudder, stand stiff |
horrendous, abhor |
hostis |
enemy |
hostile |
humanus |
mankind |
humanity |
humere, HUM |
be moist, damp |
humid |
humilis |
lowly |
HUMILITY, humiliate |
id |
one’s own |
IDIOM, idiosyncrasy |
ignis |
fire |
ignite, ignition, igneous |
ignorare |
to have no knowledge of |
ignore, ignorant |
imbuere |
to wet, soak |
IMBUE |
imitari, IMIT |
to copy |
imitative |
imitatum, IMITAT |
to copy |
imitate, imitation |
immunis |
tax exempt |
IMMUNE |
impedire (im + pes) |
to hold the feet, entangle |
IMPEDE |
imponere |
to place upon |
IMPOSE |
inanis |
empty, vacant |
INANE |
incidere |
occur, to fall upon, likely |
incident, INCIDENTAL |
incisio, incisivus, CIS |
to cut |
excise, incision, INCISIVE, incisor |
inchoare |
to begin |
INCHOATE |
incurrere |
to run into, attack |
incur, INCURSION |
indulgere |
be kind to, yield to |
indulge, INDULGENT |
iners (in + ars) |
without skill or art |
inertia, INERT |
infere (in + ferre) |
to carry in |
INFER |
ingenerare |
to beset |
ENGENDER |
ingenuus |
native, inborn, frank |
INGENUOUS |
inhibere |
hold back, restrain |
INHIBIT |
inimicus |
hostile |
INIMICAL |
iniquus |
uneaqual |
INIQUITY, INIQUITIOUS |
innovare |
to renew |
INNOVATE |
inquirere |
to seek |
inquire, INQUISITIVE |
instigare |
to incite, stimulate |
INSTIGATE |
insula, isola |
island, to isolate |
isolate, insulate, INSULAR |
integritas |
whole, entire |
INTEGRITY |
intendere |
aim at, stretch for |
intend, intense, INTENSIFY |
intricare |
to entangle, PERPLEX |
INTRICATE, intricacy |
intus |
within |
INTIMATE |
iratus |
to be angry |
IRATE, IRASCIBLE |
ire, itum, IT |
to go |
initiate, transit |
iter, ITINER |
journey, walk |
ITINERANT |
jacere, JAC |
to throw, cast down |
ejaculate, adjacent |
jactum, JECT |
to throw, cast down |
eject, reject, trajectory, ejecta, object, OBJECTIVE |
jejunus |
hungry or meager |
jejune |
jocus |
joke |
jocund, jocular, jocose, jocosity |
Jovis |
Roman god Jupiter |
JOVIAL |
judex, JUDIC |
judge, judgement |
JUDICIOUS, judicial, adjudicate |
jugum |
a yoke |
SUBJUGATE |
jungere, JUNG |
to join, to meet |
conjugal, conjugate, CONJOIN |
junctum, JUNCT |
to join, to meet |
junction, injunction |
jus, JUR, JUST |
right, law, take an oath |
abjure, PERJURY, CONJURE, jurisprudence |
juvenile |
oung |
juvenile, REJUVENATE |
labi, LAB |
slide, slip, fall |
labile |
laborare |
to work |
collaborate, ELABORATE |
lapsum, LAPS |
slide, slip, fall |
lapse |
labor |
work, exertion |
labor, laboratory, laborious |
lacrima |
a tear |
lachrymal, lachrymouse |
lamentium |
a mourning, wailing |
LAMENT |
languere |
to be faint, listless |
languid, LANGUISH, languor |
lassus |
faint, weary |
LASSITUDE |
latus, LATER |
wide, sideways |
LATITUDE, lateral, UNILATERAL |
latere |
to lie, hidden |
LATENT |
latum, -LAT |
to bear, to carry |
relate, translate |
laudare |
to praise, glory |
LAUDABLE |
lavere, LUT, LUG, LAV |
to wash |
dilute, DELUGE, lavatory |
laxus |
to be loose |
LAX, laxity |
legare |
to send |
RELEGATE, delegate |
legere, LEG |
gather, choose, read |
legend, elegant, ELEGANCE |
lectum, LECT |
gather, choose, read |
dialect, election, collect, select |
lethargia |
idle |
lethargic, LETHARGY |
lex, LEGIS |
law |
legislature, illegitimate, legal |
levare, LEV |
light, to lift, rise |
LEVITY, elevate, ALLEVIATE, RELIEVE |
liber |
free |
liberate, libertine, deliberate |
liber, LIBR |
book |
library, libel |
licere, lictum, LICT |
leave, quit, permitted |
license, licet |
ligare |
to bind |
allegiance, oblige, ligature |
ligne, LIGN |
line, cord |
align |
lignum |
wood |
LIGNEOUS |
linqua |
tongue, language |
linguistics, lingual |
linquere, LINQU |
leave, quit |
relinquish |
liquere, LIQU |
to flow, be fluid, clear |
liquid, PROLIX |
litigare |
to dispute |
LITIGATE, LITIGANT |
littera |
letter of the alphabet |
literature, obliterate, literal, literati |
livere |
be black and blue |
livid |
locus |
place |
dislocate, ALLOCATE |
longus |
long |
PROLONG |
loquax, LOQUAC |
talkative |
LOQUACIOUS |
loqui, LOQU |
speak, talk |
eloquent, soliloquy |
locutum, LOCUT |
speak, talk |
elocution, CIRCUMLOCUTION |
lucere, LUC, LUM, LUS |
shine, be light |
LUMINOUS, translucent, LUCID, luster |
lucidus |
light, clear |
ELUCIDATE |
ludere, LUD |
to play, to mock |
interlude, delude, ludicrous, elude, prelude |
lugere, lugubris |
to mourn |
lugubrious |
lusum, LUS |
to play, to mock |
illusion, COLLUSION |
lumen |
bright light |
luminance, luminary, LUMEN |
luna |
moon |
lunatic, lunate, lunation |
lupus |
wolf |
lupine |
lympha |
water |
lymph, lymphatic |
macer |
lean, thin |
MEAGER |
macerare |
make soft, or tender |
MACERATE |
magister, MAGISTR |
teacher, master |
magistrate |
magnus, MAGNA |
big, great, large |
magnitude, magnify, MAGNANIMOUS |
major, MAJ |
greater, bigger, larger |
major, majestic |
maximus, MAX |
greatest, biggest, largest |
maximum, maxim |
manere, MAN |
remain, dwell |
manse, manor |
mansum, MANS |
remain, dwell |
mansion |
malleare |
to beat with a hammer |
MALLEABLE |
malus, MAL |
bad, evil, wrong |
maladjusted, MALICE, malignant |
malus, pejor |
worse |
PEJORATIVE |
malus pessimus |
worst |
pessimist, pessimism, PESSIMISTIC |
mandare (manus + dare) |
to order, command |
mandate, commandment, MANDATORY |
manus, MAN, MANI |
hand |
manual, MANIFEST, manumit, manipulate |
mare |
sea |
mariner, aquamarine |
margo |
boarderland |
margin, MARGINAL |
Martialis |
of Mars (the god of war) |
MARTIAL |
matea |
a hoe, club |
MACE |
mater, MATR |
mother, women |
maternity, MATRIARCH |
materia |
matter |
MATERIAL, materialism, materialize |
mecari |
to trade, buy |
merchant, market |
medius, mediocris |
middle |
intermediary, medieval, MEDIOCRE |
melior |
better |
meliorate, AMELIORATE, melioration |
mellifer |
honey |
MELLIFLUOUS |
memoria, MEMIN |
remember |
memoir, memorable, memorandum |
mendax, MENDAC |
lying, false |
mendacious, MENDACITY |
mens |
mind |
mention |
mensurare |
to measure |
measure, COMMENSURATE |
merces |
pay, wages |
mercenary |
mergere |
to dip, sink |
merge, MERGER |
merx, MERC |
goods, wares |
merchant, merchandise |
metus, meticulosus |
fear, fearful |
METICULOUS |
migrare, MIGR |
move, change places |
emigrant |
migratum, MIGRAT |
move, change places |
MIGRATORY, migration |
militare, MILIT |
to serve as soldiers |
militia, military, demilitarize |
ministre, MINISTR |
attendant, servant, helper |
minister, ministration |
min |
small |
minute, miniature, diminish |
minor |
smaller, less |
minor, minority |
mimimus |
smallest, least |
minimal, minimize |
minure |
to lessen |
DIMINISH |
mirare |
to look at, wonder at |
mirage, miracle, admiral |
miscere, MISC |
to mix |
admixture, miscellaneous, PROMISCUOUS |
miser |
wretched, unhappy |
MISER, miserable, miserly |
miserari |
to pity |
misery, COMMISERATE |
mitigare |
to make mild, soft, tender |
MITIGATE |
mittere, MIT, MITT |
send, let, go |
emissary, remit, admittance, transmit |
missum, MIS, MISS |
send, let, go |
missive, remission, demise, SURMISE |
modestus |
keeping due measure |
MODEST, modesty |
modus, MOD |
measure, manner, means |
mode, modal, modify |
moles |
mass, bulk, pile |
moleculr, molecular |
monere, MON |
to warn, advise, remind |
monument, summons, remonstrate |
monitum, MONIT |
to warn, advise, remind |
monitor, admonition, ADMONISH |
monotonus |
one tone |
monotone, monotony, MONOTONUS |
mons, MONT |
mountain |
montage, monticule |
morbus |
disease |
morbid |
mordere, MORD |
bite |
REMORSE, mordacious |
morsum, MORS |
bite |
morsel |
morsus |
peevish, fretful |
MOROSE |
mors, MORT |
death, to die |
immortal, morgue, MORBID, moribund |
mos, MOR |
manner, custom |
MORALITY, mores |
movere, MOV |
to move |
locomotive, MOTIVE, MOTILITY |
motum, MOT |
to move |
motion, motor, MOTIF |
multus, MULTI |
many |
multitude, multiply, multimedia |
munificus |
bountiful |
MUNIFICENT |
murmure |
to murmur, roar |
MURMUR |
murus |
wall |
mural, intramural |
mus, MUR |
mouse |
murid, murine |
musivus |
artistic, of a muse |
MOSAIC |
mutare, mutatum, MUT |
to change |
mutation, mutant, permutation, MUTABLE, IMMUTABLE |
nasci, NAT, NAS, NAI |
to bear, be born |
native, prenatal, natural, INNATE, RENAISSANCE |
nativus |
natural, native |
NAÏVE, naivete |
navis |
ship |
navy, navigate |
negare |
to deny |
negation, abnegate |
nemus, NEMOR |
wood, grove |
nemophila |
nervous |
tendon, sinew |
nervous, nervy, nerve |
neuter |
ne-not + uter-neither |
neuter, NEUTRAL, neutrality |
nihil, NIHIL |
none, nothing, not any |
ANNIHILATE, nihilism, nil |
nocere, NEC, NOC, NOX |
to harm, injure |
internecine, INNOCUOUS, obnoxious |
momen, NOM, NYM |
name |
nominate, misnomer, nomenclature |
norma |
rule |
normative |
noster |
ours |
NOSTRUM |
notare |
to mark, note |
notation, connotation, annotation |
notum, NOT |
know |
notable, notation |
novus, NOV, NOU |
new, fresh |
renovate, NOVICE, NOVEL |
nox, NOCT |
night |
nocturnal, equinox |
nullus, NUL, NULL |
not any, none |
null, annul, NULLIFY |
numerou |
number |
enumerate, numerable, INNUMERABLE |
numisma |
a coin |
numismatic, NUMISMATIST |
nuntiare |
to announce |
DENOUNCE |
nutrire |
nourish |
nutriment |
nutiare, NOUNC, NUNC |
to report, tell |
announce, RENOUNCE, pronounce |
nucella, nux, NUC |
nut |
nucellus, nuclear |
obliterare |
to blot out |
OBLITERATE |
obscurus |
covered over |
OBSCURE |
obstare |
to stand against, oppose |
OBSTINATE |
obviare |
to prevent |
OBVIATE |
oculus |
eye |
monocle, binocular, ocular |
odium |
hatred |
odium, ODIOUS |
officius |
to do work |
office, OFFICIOUS |
ominosus |
evil omen |
OMINOUS |
omnis, OMNI |
all |
omnipotent, omniscient |
onus, ONER |
burden |
onerous, EXONERATE |
opacus |
shady dark |
OPAQUE, APACITY |
opponere, oppositus |
against |
opposite, OPPOSITION |
optare |
choose |
option, opinion |
optimus, OPTIM |
best |
optimum, OPTIMISM |
opus, OPER |
work |
operative, opus, opera, operate |
ordo, ORDIN |
rank, row, order |
ordinal |
oriri, ORI |
rise |
origin, original |
os, OSS |
bone |
ossicle, OSSIFY |
oscillare |
to swing |
OSCILLATE |
ostendere |
to show against |
ostensible, OSTENTATION |
palatum |
to the palate |
PALATABLE |
palpare |
to feel, stroke |
palpable, PALPITATE |
pallere, PALL |
be pale, yellow, or faded |
PALLID, PALOR |
palliare |
to conceal, cloak |
PALLIATE, palliative |
par, parare |
equal, to make equal |
par, DISPARATE |
paradigma |
to show, example |
PARADIGM |
parage |
rank |
PEER |
parcere |
to spare |
PARSIMONY |
parens, parere |
to appear |
apparent, TRANSPARENT |
parere, PAR |
prepare, get ready, equal |
DISPARATE, parity, preparedness |
pars, PART |
part |
particle, PARTISAN, BIPARTISIAN |
passus, pati, passum |
suffer, endure |
patient, PASSIVE, passion |
pater, PATR |
father |
paternal, patronize, EXPATRIATE |
pauci, PAU |
few |
PAUCITY, pauper |
pauper, PO, POV, PU |
poor person, poor |
poverty, IMPOVERISH, pauper |
pax, PAC, PEAC |
peace |
pacify, APPEASE, pact |
pecunia |
money |
pecuniary, impecunious |
pejor |
worst |
PEJORATIVE |
pellere, PELL |
driven, to push |
compel, expel, propellant |
pelsum, PULS |
to push |
pulsate, IMPULSIVE |
pendere, PEND |
to hang, weigh, play |
impending, appendage, suspend, pending, PENCHANT |
penser, pensum, PENS |
to hang, weight, play |
expense, dispense, pensive, indispensable |
penuria |
want, scarcity |
PENURY, PENURIOUS |
perfidia |
faithlessness, to deceive |
perfidy, perfidious |
perfungi |
get rid of, discharge |
PERFUNCTORY |
peroratus |
to pray, speak, orate |
PERORATE |
perquisitum |
something required |
PERQUISETE |
pervadere (per + vadere) |
to go through |
PERVADE, pervasive |
pervius |
per (through) via (way) |
pervious, IMPERVIOUS |
pes, PED, POD |
foot |
pedal, PEDESTRIAN, expedition, podiatrist |
pessimus |
worst |
pessimist, pessimism, pessimistic |
pestis |
plague |
pestilence, pestiferous, PESTILENT |
petere, PET, PIT |
aim at, seek, attack |
impetuous, PETULANT, propitious |
petitum, PETIT |
aim at, seek, attack |
petition |
pictum, PICT |
paint, tattoo |
picture, pictorial |
pius |
devoted to duty, godly |
PIOUS, piosity |
placere, PLAC |
please, be agreeable |
PLACATE, placebo, IMPLACABLE |
placitum, PLACIT |
please, be agreeable |
PLACID, COMPLACENT |
planus |
flat, even |
plane |
plaudere, PLAUD |
beat, clap, approve |
applaud, plaudit, implode |
plausum, PLAUS |
beat, clap, approve, true |
PLAUSIBLE |
plexum, PLEX, PLIC |
weave, plait, fold, tangle |
complicate, IMPLICATE, complex |
plenus |
full |
plenty, replenish, PLETHORA |
plicare, PLIC, PLICAT |
to fold, bend |
complicate, EXPLICIT, IMPLICIT |
plere, PLE, PLET, PLEN |
to fill, full |
complete, IMPLEMENT, DEPLETE, replete |
plus, pluris, PLU |
more, further |
surplus, plurality, NONPLUS |
poenalis, PEN, PUN |
to pay, compensate |
penalty, punitive, penance |
pompa |
SOLEMN procession |
pomp, POMPOUS, POMPOSITY |
ponderare |
to weigh |
PONDER, PONDEROUS |
ponere, PON |
to place, put |
component |
positum, POS, POUND |
to place, put |
position, opposite, EXPOUND |
populus |
people |
populace, popularity |
portere, PORT |
carry |
portable, portage, export, import |
portio |
share, portion |
apportion, proportion |
posterus |
next, following |
PREPOSTEROUS |
potens |
powerful, able |
potentate, potent, potential |
praecedere |
to precede |
precedence, UNPRECEDENTED |
praecipitare |
before, ahead |
precipice, PRECIPITATE |
praedicare |
to proclaim, declare |
PREACH |
precarius, PREC |
to request, beg, prayer |
precarious, imprecate |
prediligere |
to prefer |
PREDILECTION |
prehendere, PREHEND |
seize, grasp |
apprehend, comprehend |
prehensum, PREHENS |
seize, grasp |
REPREHENSIBLE, COMPREHENSIVE |
PRISE |
seize, grasp |
comprise, REPRISAL |
pressare |
to press, squeeze |
press, pressure, REPRESS |
pressum, PRESS |
squeeze |
depress, oppress, impress, SUPPRESS |
pretiare, PREC |
to value |
precious, depreciation |
primus, PRIMO |
first |
primordial, primary, PRIME |
pristinus |
former |
PRISTINE |
privare |
separate, peculiar |
privilege, deprive |
probare, PROB |
to prove, test |
probation, prove, PROBITY |
prodigere |
wasteful |
PRODIGAL |
prodigiosus |
marvelous |
PRODIGIOUS, PRODIGY |
profanus |
before a temple |
PROFANE, PROFANITY |
progresse |
to step, to go forward |
progress, PROGRESSIVE |
proles |
offspring |
prolific, PROLIFERATE |
prolongare |
lengthen, extend in time |
prolong |
promere |
to bring forth |
PROMPT |
promittere |
to promise |
COMPROMISE |
prope |
near |
approach, REPROACH |
propendere |
to hang or lean foreward |
propend, PROPENSITY |
propinquus |
near |
PROPINQUITY |
proprius |
ones’ own, peculiar |
property, proprietary, PROPRIETY |
prosa |
direct speech |
PROSE, PROSAIC |
prosperare |
succeed, thrive, grow |
prosper, PROSPEROUS |
providere, providens |
to see before, cautious |
provide, PRUDENT, providence, IMPROVIDENT |
provincia |
territory outside of Rome |
province, PROVINCIAL |
proximus |
nearest |
proximity, approximate |
pudere, pudens |
to feel shame, modest |
IMPUDENT |
pugnare, PUG |
to fight, boxer |
pugilist, REPUGNANT |
pugnare, PUGN |
to fight, boxer |
pugnacious, IMPUGN, REPUGNANT |
pungere, PUNG |
prick, sting |
PUNGENT, EXPUNGE |
punctum, PUNC |
prick, sting |
punctual, puncture, compunction |
pungere, POIGN, POINT |
prick, sting |
poignant, pointed |
pulcher, PULCHR |
beautiful |
pulchritude |
purgare |
to clean |
purge, purgatory |
putare, PUT |
to think, reckon, consider |
computer, compute |
putatum, PUTAT |
to think, reckon, consider |
reputation, COMPUTATION |
putris |
rotten |
putrid, PUTRIFY |
quaerere, QUE |
ask, seek |
conquer, quest, acquire, query |
quaesitum, QUIS |
ask, seek |
INQUISITIVE, exquisite, acquisition |
qualis |
of what sort, kind |
QUALITY, QUALIFY |
quantus, quande |
how great, how much |
QUANDARY |
quattuor |
four |
quarterly, quatrain, quaternary |
queri |
complain |
QUERULOUS |
quies, QUI |
quite |
tranquil, ACQUIESCE, QUIESCENT |
quotus |
how many |
QUORUM, quotient |
rabies |
madness |
RABID |
radius |
ray, beam, rod |
radian, radiation |
radix, RADIC |
root |
radicle, radical, ERADICATE |
rancere, RANC |
be stinking |
rancid |
rapere, RAP |
to seize, snatch |
rape, rapacious, rapine |
raptum, RAPT |
to seize, snatch |
rapture, rapt |
ratio, RATION |
reckoning, account |
reason, ration |
ratum, RAT |
think, suppose, consider |
rational, IRRATIONAL |
ratus |
to reckon |
RATIFY |
raucus |
to mutter, give hoarse cries |
RAUCOUS |
recalcitrare |
to kick back |
RECALCITRANT |
reciprocus |
returning |
reciprocate, RECIPROCAL |
rectificare |
to correct |
RECTIFY |
recipere |
to take back |
receive, receipt, RECEPTIVE |
rectum, RECT |
direct, in a straight line |
rectitude |
redundare |
to overflow |
REDUNDANT |
refere, relatus |
to bring back |
refer, relate, CORRELATE |
reformare |
to make better |
REFORM |
refutare |
to repel |
REFUTE |
regere, rectus |
right, to make straight |
erect, RECTITUDE |
regere, rex, regis |
to rule, king, direct |
regimen, direct, regular, regency |
regnum |
to reign |
INTERREGNUM |
removere |
to remove |
REMOTE |
renda |
to tear apart |
rend |
renuntiare |
to tell back |
RENOUNCE |
repletus |
to fill again |
REPLETE, REPLETION |
repellere |
to repel, reject |
repulse, repellent, repel |
repressus |
to hold back |
REPRESS |
reprobare |
rebuke, censure |
REPROVE |
repudiare |
to put away, divorce |
REPUDIATE |
rescindere |
to cut off |
RESCIND |
residere |
remainding |
residue, RESIDUAL |
resilire |
(salire) to jump, (re-) back |
resile, RESILIENT |
respectus |
to look at, look back on |
respect, RESPITE |
resplendere |
shining brightly |
RESPLENDENT |
retrahere |
to draw back |
RETRACT |
revelatio, revelare |
disclose, reveal |
REVELATION |
rex, REG |
king |
regal |
ridere, risum, RID, RIS |
to laugh at |
DERISION, ridicule, risible, DERIDE |
rigere, RIG |
to be stiff, numb |
rigor, RIGOROUS, rigid, RIGIDTY |
rogare, ROG |
ask, stretch out the hand |
arrogance |
rogatum, ROGAT |
ask, stretch out the hand |
INTERROGATE, rogation, abrogate |
rotare, rotatus, rota |
to turn, wheel, turned |
rotation, rotary, rotor, ROTUND |
ruffelen |
to scratch |
ruffle |
rumpere, RUMP |
to break, destroy |
abrupt, rupture |
ruptum, RUPT |
to break, destroy |
interrupt, CORRUPT, corruptive |
rus, RUR |
country |
rural |
saccharum |
sugar |
SACCHARINE |
sacrare, SANCT, SECR |
holy |
DESECRATE, CONSECRATE, sanctify |
sacrare, SACR |
holy |
sacred, sacrament |
sagax, sagacis, sapare |
wise, to know, to taste |
sage, SAGACIOUS, sapient |
sal |
salt |
saline |
salire, SAL, SIL |
to leap, jump |
sally, salutatory, salient, RESILIENT |
saltum, SAULT, SULT |
to leap, jump |
assault, desultory, somersault |
salus, SALUT |
health, safety |
salute, SALUTARY, SALUBRIOUS |
salvare |
to save |
salvation, salvage, save |
sanctus, SANCT |
holy |
sanctify, SANCTION, sanctuary |
sanguis, SANGUIN |
blood (cheerful) |
SANGUINE, consanguinity |
sanitas, sanatorius |
health, healthy |
sanitation, sanitary |
sanus |
sound |
sanity |
sapor, sapere |
to taste |
SAVOR, INSIPID |
satis, satiare, SAT |
enough, to fill, full |
sated, INSATIABLE, satisfy, satiate |
satura |
a satire, poetic medley |
satire, SATIRIC |
saquire |
perceive clearly |
SAGACIOUS |
scala |
stairs, ladder |
SCALE |
scandere, SCAND |
climb |
ascend, ascension, descendant |
scire, SCI |
to know, knowing |
OMNISCIENT, science, conscious |
scribere, SCRIB |
write, incise, scratch |
scribe, describe, TRANSCRIBE |
scriptum, SCRIPT |
write, incise, scratch |
subscription, script, manuscript |
scrupus |
sharp stone |
scruple, SCRUPULOUS |
scrutari |
to search into carefully |
scrutiny, SCRUTINIZE |
secare, SEC |
to cut |
section, sectional, sector |
sectum, SECT |
to cut |
intersection |
securus |
free from care |
secure, security |
sedere, SED |
to sit |
sediment, preside, RESIDE |
semen, SEMIN |
to sow, seed |
seminal, DISSEMINATE, SEMINARY |
senex, SEN |
old man |
senate |
sensus, SENSU |
feeling |
sensual |
sentiere, SENT |
to feel, perceive, think |
SENTIENT, sentiment, consent, DISSENT |
sensum, SENS |
to feel, perceive, think |
sensation, sensible, sensory, dissension |
sepsis |
poison, rotting |
septic, ANTISEPTIC, aseptic |
sequi, SEQ |
to follow, following |
SEQUENTIAL, sequence |
secutum, SEC, SECUT |
to follow |
second, prosecute |
sera |
a saw |
serrate, SERRATED, serration |
serenus |
dry, clear, calm |
SERENE, SERENITY |
servere, SERV |
save, protect, keep, hold |
servant, reserve, RESERVED |
servus |
slave |
SERVITUDE, service |
sessum, SESS, SED, SID |
to sit, plan, plot |
session, preside, residual, subsidy |
severitas |
harsh, strict |
severity, SEVERE |
sidere |
to settle |
SUBSIDE |
signare, SIGN |
to sign, to mark out |
signature, CONSIGN, RESIGNATION |
simplex, SIMPLIC |
single, simple |
simple, simplex, SIMPLICITY |
similare, similis |
to make like |
similar, facsimile, simulation, assimilate |
sinister |
lefthanded, unlucky |
SINISTER |
sinus |
a bend |
SINUOUS |
sobrius |
sober, moderate |
SOBER, SOBRIETY |
socius, sociare |
companion, follower |
society, social, association |
sol |
sun |
solar, solstice |
solare, solus, SOL |
to make lonely, alone |
solo, SOLITARY, SULLEN |
sollicitus |
anxious, worried |
SOLICIT, solicitous |
soloecismus |
speaking incorrectly |
SOLECISM |
solutum, SOL |
loosen, release, undo |
dissolute, soluble, RESOLUTE |
solvere, SOLV |
loosen, release, undo |
solvent, resolve, INSOLVENT |
somnus |
sleep |
somnolent, sopor, soporific |
sonus, sonare |
to sound |
DISSONANCE, unison, sonorous |
sonus, sonare |
to sound |
RESOUND, SONATA, DISSONANT |
sors, sortis |
lot, a share |
sort, consortium |
spatiosus |
large area |
SPACIOUS |
specere, SPEC, SPIC |
see, look at |
specimen, CONSPICUOUS, specific |
spectum, SPECT |
see, look at |
inspect, spectacle, RETROSPECT |
spirere, SPIR |
to breathe, breath |
aspire, INSPIRE |
spiratum, SPIRAT |
breath |
respiration, inspiration |
spondere, sponsus |
to pledge, promise |
sponsor, respond, RESPONSIVE |
spontaneus |
of free will |
SPONTANEOUS, SPONTANEITY |
sporadicus |
to scatter |
SPORADIC |
spurius |
false, illegitimate |
SPURIOUS |
squalere, SQUAL |
be rough, foul, or filithy |
SQUALID, squalor |
squandere |
to scatter |
SQUANDER |
stagnare |
pool, swamp |
stagnate, STAGNATION |
stare, stet, STA |
to stand |
stable, stagnant, contrast |
statum, STAT |
to stand |
status, statue, STATIC, STANZA |
stellare, stella |
to shine, star |
stellar, constellation |
sterilis |
barren |
STERILE |
stinguere, STINGU |
to prick, to quench |
DISTINGUISH, EXTINGUISH |
stinctum, STINCT |
to prick, to quench |
distinct, distinction, distinctive |
stolidus |
firm, slow, stupid |
STOLID |
strategema |
act of a general |
strategy, STRATAGEM |
stratum, STRAT |
layer, spread |
STRATIFY, STRATUM |
striare |
groove, channel, lined |
STRIATED |
stringere, STRING |
draw tight, bind |
astringent, STRINGENT |
strictum, STRICT |
draw tight, bind |
strict, constriction |
stridere |
rasp |
STRIDENT |
struere, STRU |
build, construct, spread |
structure, MISCONSTRUE, instrument |
structum, STRUCT |
build, construct, spread |
instruct |
studere, STUD |
diligent, zealous, study |
student, studious |
stupere, STUP |
be stunned |
STUPOR |
suavis, SUA |
sweet, smooth |
suave, ASSUAGE, persuade |
substare (sub + stare) |
to stand under, present |
substance, SUBSTANTIVE |
subtilis |
fine, thin, precise |
SUBTLE, subtlety |
succedere |
to go under, follow after |
succeed, succession, SUCCESSIVE |
succinctus |
short, contracted |
SUCCINCT |
summonere |
to remind privily |
SUMMONS, summon |
summus |
highest |
summit |
sumptus |
expense, cost |
SUMPTUOUS |
superlatus |
excessive |
SUPERLATIVE |
supplantare |
to trip up |
SUPPLANT |
supponere |
to suppose, assume |
SUPPOSITION |
surgere, surrection |
to rise, risen |
insurgency, INSURRECTION, resurrection |
surrepticius |
to take away secretly |
SURREPTITIOUS |
sycophania |
informer, toady |
SYCOPHANT |
symbolus |
token, pledge |
SYMBOLISM |
tabula |
board, tablet |
tablet, tabloid, table |
tacere, TAC, TIC |
to be silent |
TACIT, TACITURN, RETICENT |
taedet |
to disgust, offend |
tedium, TEDIOUS |
taliare |
to cut, split, prune |
TAILOR |
talio |
punishment in kind |
retaliate, RETALIATION |
tangere, tactus, TANG |
to touch |
tangent, TANGIBLE, TANGENTIAL |
tactum, TACT |
to touch |
TACTILE, tactual |
tardus |
to make slow |
TARDY, RETARD |
tegere, TEG |
cover, hide, defend |
integument |
tectum, TECT |
cover, hide, defend |
detection, protect |
temere, temeritas |
rashly, blindly |
TEMERITY |
temetum |
strong drink |
ABSTEMIOUS |
temnere |
to scorn |
contemn, CONTEMPT |
temperare |
to temper, mix, regulate |
TEMPERATE, temperance, TEMPERAMENT |
tempus, TEMPOR |
time |
temporal, contemporize, temporize |
tendere, TEND |
stretch, spread, aim |
contend, tend, EXTEND, DISTEND |
tentum, TENT, TEN |
stretch, spread, aim |
PRETENTIOUS, EXTENSIVE |
tensum, TENS |
stretch, spread, aim |
tension, tensor |
tendere |
to stretch, extend, tend |
tendency, TENDENTIOUS |
tenere, TEN, TAIN |
hold, keep |
TENACIOUS, contain, detain, tenure |
tentare, tent |
to touch, try |
TENTATIVE |
tenuis, TEND, TENS |
thin, stretched |
extend, tenuous, tendency, tendon |
tenuis, TENT, TENU |
thin, stretched |
tentative, contend, TENUOUS, extenuating |
tepere |
be lukewarm |
tepid |
tergere |
to wipe |
TERSE |
terminus |
boundry, end |
terminator, terminal, DETERMINE |
terere, TER, TRIT |
rub away, tread, wear out |
detriment |
terra |
land, earth |
terrace, terra firma |
terrere, TERR |
frighten |
terror, DETER, terrorism |
testis |
witness |
testament, testify, testimony |
texere, textum, TEXT |
weave, build |
text, texture, textual, texturized |
theoria |
a looking at, speculation |
theory, THEORETICAL |
timere, TIM |
fear |
timid, TIMOROUS |
tingere, TING |
dip, soak, moisten, dye |
tinge |
tinctum, TINCT |
dip, soak, moisten, dye |
tincture |
tirare |
to draw fire |
TIRADE |
tirer |
to draw |
retire, RETIRING |
tonsum, TONS |
shear, clip, shave |
tonsorial, tonsure |
torpere, TORP |
be stiff, numb |
torpid, TORPOR |
torquere, TORQU |
to twist, turn |
torque |
tortum, TORT |
to twist, turn |
contortionist, extort, torture, TORTUOUS |
torrere, TORR |
parch, scorch |
torrid |
toxicare, toxicum |
to smear with poison |
toxic, toxin, toxicant |
tradere |
to deliver |
EXTRADITE, tradition |
traducere |
exhibit, disgrace |
TRADUCE |
trahere, TRA |
to draw, drag |
TRAIT, TRACE |
tractum, TRACT |
to draw, drag, pull |
subtract, TRACTABLE, PROTRACT |
tradere |
to give, deliver over |
TRADITION, treason |
tragicus |
suffer |
TRAGIC, tragedy |
transcendere |
trans + scandere- to climb |
transcend, transcendent |
transigere |
to come to a settlement |
transact, INTRANSIGENT |
transire (trans + ire) |
to go across |
transit, TRANSITORY |
tremere, TREM |
quake, quiver |
tremble, tremendous, tremor |
trepidare |
to tremble |
tremulous, TREPIDATION |
tribuere, tributus, tribus |
to assign, allot, pay |
tribute, distribute, attribute |
trivialis |
commonplace, unimportant |
TRIVIAL, trivia, trivialize |
trudere |
to thrust |
ABSTRUSE |
truncus |
stem, trunk |
TRUNK, truncate, truncheon |
trux, TRUC |
wild, rough, fierce |
TRUCULENT |
trudere, TRUD, TRUS |
to push, thrust |
protrude, intrusion, UNOBTRUSIVE |
tumere, TUM |
swell, be swollen |
tumescence, tumult, TUMOR |
turba, TURB |
uproar, disturbance |
perturb, turbulence, turbid |
turpis |
base, vile |
TURPITUDE |
ubique |
(ubi) where, (qua) any |
UBIQUITOUS, ubiquity |
ultimus, ULTI |
last |
ultimate |
umber (sub+umbrare) |
shade, (under the shade) |
SOMBER, ADUMBRATE |
universus |
all together |
universal, universality, university |
unda, UND |
wave |
undulate, abundant |
uniformis |
one form, unchanging |
UNIFORM, uniformity |
unus, UNI |
one |
unicorn, unicycle |
urbs, URB |
city |
urban, exurb |
usum, US |
to use |
usage, abuse, usurp |
uter |
neither |
neuter, NEUTRAL |
utor, UTI |
to use |
utility, utilization, UTILIZE |
vacare, vacuus |
empty |
VACUOUS, evacuate |
vacillare |
to stagger |
VACILLATE |
vadere, vasun, VAD |
to go, make ones way |
vademecum, EVADE, EVASIVE |
vagari, vagus |
to wander |
vagrant, vagaries, VAGUE |
vanescere |
to vanish |
EVANESCENT |
vanus |
vain, boastful |
vaunted |
vasum, -VAS |
a vessel, dish |
vascular, vasectomy |
valere, validum, VAL |
to be strong, be well |
valor, valid, evaluate, validity |
varicar |
to straddle, walk crookedly |
PREVARICATE |
varius |
colored, DIVERSE |
variable, variant, vary, VARIEGATED |
vehemens |
eager |
VEHEMENT |
vehere |
carry |
vehicle, vehicular |
velle, volens |
to wish, willing |
VOLITION, BENEVOLENT |
vena |
blood vessel |
vein, venous |
vendere, VEND |
sell |
vend, vendor, venal |
venenum |
poison |
venom, venomous |
veneratus |
to worship |
VENERATE, veneration |
venire, VENI, VEN |
come, move toward |
intervene, convention, CONTRAVENE |
ventum, VENT, VENU |
come, move toward |
adventure, venue, invention |
ventus |
wind |
VENT, VENTILATE |
venter, VENTR |
stomach |
ventral, ventricle |
verbum, VERB |
word |
VERBATIM, proverb, adverb, verb |
vereri |
to feel awe |
REVERE |
vergere |
to turn, bend |
CONVERGE, DIVERGENT |
vermis |
worm |
vermin, verminous |
verus, VER |
true |
VERIFY, aver, verdict, VERACITY |
versum, VERS |
to turn, change |
versatile, AVERSION, DIVERSE |
vestire, VEST |
to dress, garment |
vestment, vest, divest, investiture |
vestigium |
track, footprint |
VESTIGIAL, VESTIGE |
vertere, VERT, VER |
to turn, change |
revert, introvert, subvert, introversion, diverse, DIVERT |
verticalis |
the top, turning point |
VERTICAL, VERTEX |
vexare, VEX |
shake, toss, trouble |
VEX |
vexatum, VEXAT |
shake, trouble, distress |
vexation |
via |
way, road |
via, viaduct |
videre, VID |
to see |
evident, provide, PROVIDENT |
visum, VIS, VIEW |
to see |
visual, visible, review, supervise, VISIONARY |
vigere, VIG |
thrive, flourish |
vigorous, VIGOR, vigorish |
vilis |
cheep, base |
vile, VILIFY |
vincere, VINC |
conquer, win |
invincible, convince, CONVICTION |
vindicta |
revenge, to claim, avenge |
VINDICTIVE, VINDICATE |
violare, violatus |
to use force |
violate, INVIOLATE, violence |
victum, VICT |
conquer, win |
victor, victory, victorous |
vino, vinum, vinosus |
wine |
vinous, vintage, viticulture |
vir, virtus |
man, manliness, worth |
virtue, VIRTUOUS, triumvirate |
virus |
slime, poison |
virus, VIRULENT, virulence |
vitium |
fault, flaw, offence |
vitiate |
vivere, vita, VIV, VI |
to live, life, lively |
REVIVE, convivial, VITAL, VIVID |
victum, VIC, VICT |
to live, life, lively |
vicarious, VIABLE, VITALITY |
vocere, VOC, VOK |
to call, voice |
vocal, invoke, revoke, PROVOCATIVE |
vocatum, VOCAT |
to call, voice |
vocation, convocation, vocative, ADVOCATE |
vociforatus |
to cry out |
VOCIFEROUS, vociferate |
vocitus, vacare |
to be empty |
void, vacant |
voluntas |
free will |
VOLUNTARY, VOLUNTEER |
volvere, volutum |
to turn |
revolve, devolve, revolt, voluble |
vorere |
to eat, devour |
VORACIOUS, carnivore, omnivorous |
vocalis, vox, VOC |
voice |
vocal, vocalise |
volare |
to fly |
VOLATILE |
volo, VOL |
to wish, towill |
VOLUNTARY, VOLITION |
volumen |
a roll, scroll |
volume, VOLUMINOUS |
votum, VOT |
promise, wish, vow |
vote, votive, vow |
vox |
voice |
voice, vocal, VOCALISE |
vulgus |
the common crowd, rabble |
vulgar, vulgarize, VULGARIAN |
vulnerare |
to wound |
vulnerable |
5. Greek Prefixes
Prefix |
Meaning |
Examples |
A-, AN- |
not, without |
apolitical, anoxia, amoral, ATYPICAL |
ACRO- |
top, end |
acrobat |
ALLO- |
other |
ALLOCATE |
AMB-, AMPHI- |
around |
amphitheater, ambit, AMBIANCE |
AMB-, AMPH- |
both, more than one |
amphibious, AMBIGUOUS, AMBIVALENT |
ANA-, AN- |
up, back, again, similar to |
anadromous, anagram, analogy |
ANDRO-, ANDR- |
human, male |
androgynous, android |
ANTI-, ANT- |
instead, against |
antacid, antisocial, antipodes, ANTIPATHY |
APO-, AP- |
away, from, off, utterly |
apogee, APOCRYPHAL, apostasy |
ARCHAE- |
ancient |
archaeology |
AUTO- |
self |
automatic, autocrat, AUTONOMY |
BI- |
two, twice |
bipolar, biannual, bigamy, BILATERAL |
CACO- |
bad |
CACOPHONY |
CATA-, CAT- |
down, down from, against |
catacomb, catapult, CATASTROPHE |
DECA- |
ten |
decade |
DERMAT- |
skin |
dermatitis |
DEUTERO- |
second, farther |
Deuteronomy |
DIA-, DI- |
through, across |
diagram, dialysis, DIALECT, dialogue |
DIS-, DI- |
two, through, across |
dilemma, dissect |
DYS- |
bad, difficult, faulty |
dysfunctional (ill-, un-, mis-) |
EC-, EX- |
out, from, off |
exit |
ECO- |
environment, habitat |
ecosphere, ecosystem, ecotype |
ECTO- |
on the outside, without |
ectoderm, ectomorphic |
EN-, EM- |
in, into |
energy |
ENDO- |
within, inside, internal |
endocrine, endocranium |
ENNEA- |
nine |
ennead |
EPI-, EP- |
upon, at, over, near |
epicenter, EPISODE, epidermis |
ESO- |
inward, within |
esorteric, esotropia |
EU- |
good, well |
EUPHONY, euphemism, eugenics, euphoria |
EXO- |
outside, external |
exoteric, exclude |
HECATO- |
hundred |
hecatomb |
HEMI |
half |
hemisphere |
HEPTA- |
seven |
heptagon |
HETERO- |
unlike, other |
heterogeneous, HETERODOXY |
HEXA- |
six |
hexagon |
HIER- |
sacred |
HIEROGLYPHICS |
HOLO- |
whole |
holistic |
HOMEO- |
like, similar |
HOMEOPATHY, HOMEOSTASIS |
HOMO- |
like, similar |
homogeneous, homonym |
HYPER- |
over, above, beyond |
hyperactive, HYPERBOLE |
HYPO- |
under, less than |
HYPOCRITE, hypodermic, HYPOTHETICAL |
IDIO- |
individual |
IDIOSYNCRASY |
IDEO- |
idea |
ideologue |
ISO- |
equal |
isometric, isobar |
KILO- |
thousand |
kilogram, Kilohertz |
MACRO- |
large |
macroscopic |
MEGA-, MEGALO- |
large |
megaton, megalopolis, MEGALOMANIA |
MESO- |
middle |
Mesolithic, mesoderm |
META- |
among, between, beyond |
metathesis, metaphysical |
MICRO- |
small |
microscopic |
MONO- |
one |
monorail |
MYRIAD- |
ten thousand |
MYRIAD |
NEO- |
new |
neoclassical |
OCTO- |
eight |
octogenarian, octopus |
OLIG- |
few |
oligarchy |
ORTHO- |
straight, regular, upright |
orthopedic, orthogenesis |
PALEO- |
ancient |
Paleolithic |
PALIN-, PALI- |
back, again, backwards |
palindrome |
PAN- |
all |
pandemic, panorama, PANACEA, Pan-American |
PARA- |
beside, beyond, near, incorrectly, resembling |
paragraph, paranormal, PARADOX, PARADIGM |
PACHY- |
thick |
pachyderm |
PENTA- |
five |
pentagon, pentagram |
PERI- |
around, about |
perimeter, PERIPHERY, perihelion, perigee |
POLY- |
many |
polychromatic, polyglot, polygamy |
PRO- |
before, forward, for |
procrastinate |
PROS- |
to, toward, besides |
prosenchyma |
PROTO- |
first |
prototype, protoplasm |
PSEUDO- |
false |
PSEUDONYM |
SCHIZO- |
cleave, cut, split |
schizophrenia |
SYN-, SYM-, SYS- |
together, with |
symmetric, SYNOPSIS, SYNTHESIS |
TAUTO- |
same |
tautological |
TELE- |
far, distant |
telephone, telegraph |
TELEO- |
end, result |
teleology |
TETRA- |
four |
tetrameter |
TRI- |
three |
trimester |
6. Greek Suffixes
Suffix |
Meaning |
Examples |
-AC, -IAC |
pertaining to |
cardiac, hypochondriac |
-AGIA, -ALGIA |
pain |
neuralgia |
-AST |
one who does |
dicast |
-CRACY |
government |
democracy |
-CLASM |
destruction |
iconoclasm |
-EMIA |
condition of the blood |
anemia |
-GENESIS |
creation, formation |
parthenogenesis |
-GENIC |
suitable |
photogenic |
-GRAM |
record |
electrocardiogram |
-GRAPH |
written |
monograph, telegraph |
-GRAPHY |
process/method of writing |
photography, calligraphy |
-IA, -Y |
act, state of |
polity, EUPHORIA, dyslexia |
-IATRICS |
treatment of disease |
pediatrics |
-IATRY |
healing |
psychiatry |
-IC |
pertaining to, one who |
DOGMATIC, aristocratic |
-ICAL |
pertaining to, made of |
political, angelical |
-IC, -ICE |
art, science, study of |
politics |
-INE |
used to form feminine nouns |
heroine |
-ITE |
inhabitant of, product |
sybarite, Lucite |
-ITIS |
inflammation |
tendonitis, bronchitis, neuritis |
-ISE, -IZE |
to make to give |
PROSELYTIZE, sanitize |
-ISK, -ISCUS |
little |
asterisk |
-ISM |
the belief in, profession of |
hylozoism, euphemism, baptism |
-IST |
one who believes in |
Platonist |
LATRY |
worship of |
idolatry |
-LITE, -LITH |
stone |
megalith |
LOGUE |
manner of speaking |
monologue |
LOGY |
science or study of |
geology |
-LYSIS |
loosening |
analysis |
-MA, -M, -ME |
result of |
dogma, theorem, theme |
-MANCY |
prophecy |
necromancy |
-MANIA |
madness for |
pyromania |
-METER |
to measure |
centimeter |
-OID |
resembling, like, shaped |
humanoid, android |
-OLOGY |
science or study of |
geology |
-OMA |
tumor |
melanoma |
-ORAMA |
view |
panorama |
-OSIS |
abnormal condition |
halitosis |
-PATHY |
feeling, disease |
ANTIPATHY, osteopathy |
-PHILIA |
love, affinity for |
Anglophilia, homophilia |
-PHILIC |
love, affinity for |
audiophilic |
-PHOBIA |
fear of |
claustrophobia |
-PHOR |
that which carries |
metaphor |
-PHORIA |
production of |
EUPHORIA |
-PHOROUS |
producing |
phosphorous |
-POLY |
sale, selling |
monopoly |
-SCOPE |
instrument for visual exam |
telescope, microscope |
-SIS |
act, state of |
metamorphosis |
-THERAPY |
to nurse, care for |
hydrotherapy |
-TIC |
pertaining to |
STATIC, enigmatic |
-Y |
state of being |
ANTIPATHY |
7. Greek Number Forms
Prefix |
Meaning |
Examples |
MONO- |
one |
monogram |
BI- |
two |
bipolar |
TRI- |
three |
trimester, tricycle |
TETRA- |
four |
tetrameter |
PENTA- |
five |
pentagon |
HEXA- |
six |
hexagon |
HEPTA- |
seven |
heptagon |
OCTO- |
eight |
octogenarian |
ENNEA- |
nine |
ennead |
DECA- |
ten |
decade |
HECATO- |
hundred |
hecatomb |
KILO- |
thousand |
kilogram |
MYRIAD- |
ten thousand |
myriad |
MEGA- |
one million |
Megahertz, megabyte |
8. Greek Base Words
Word |
Meaning |
Examples |
acro |
tip, top, apex |
acropolis, acrophobia |
aesth, AESTH |
feeling |
AESTHETICS |
aer, AER |
lower air |
aerobic, aerodynamic |
aden |
gland |
adrenal |
agogos, AGOG |
leader |
DEMAGOGUE, pedagogic |
agon, AGON |
contest, struggle |
antagonist, agony |
agro, agros |
field, earth, soil |
agriculture, agronomy |
aigis |
goatskin cloak; shield |
AEGIS |
akme |
top point |
acme |
algia |
pain |
neuralgia |
allos, ALLO |
other |
allotropic, allomorph, allopathic, allogamy |
anthropos, ANTHROP |
man, stamen |
anthropomorphic |
anemo |
wind |
anemometer, anemophilous |
athl |
prize |
decathlon |
ainigma |
riddle |
ENIGMA, enigmatic |
anthropos |
man |
anthropology |
archos, ARCH |
chief, first, rule |
monarch, archangel, archipelago, ANARCHY |
archaeo, archaios |
ancient, old |
archaeology, archeozoic |
aristo, aristos |
best |
aristocracy, aristocrat |
arithmos |
number |
arithmetic |
askein |
exercised, austere |
ASCETIC |
aster, astro, ASTR |
star |
astronomy, astronaut, astral |
atmos |
steam, vapor |
atmosphere |
auto, autos, AUTO |
self |
autoimmune, autobiography |
axioma |
authority, to think worthy |
AXIOM |
ballein, BAL |
throw |
ball, ballistics |
baro, baros, BAR |
weight, pressure |
barometer, barograph |
barbaros |
foreign, barbarian |
BARBARIC, barbarous |
barys |
heavy |
hyperbaric |
bat, BAT |
go |
acrobat |
batho, BATHO |
depth |
bathysphere |
biblos, BIBLIO, BIBL |
book |
bibliography, bible |
bios, BIO |
life |
biography, bionics, biopsy |
blasphemein |
speak evil of |
BLASPHEMY |
caco |
bad, poor, evil |
CACOPHONY |
CAUT, CAUST |
burn |
cauterize, CAUSTIC |
center |
center |
center |
cephal |
head |
encephalitis |
chiro, CHIR |
hand |
chiropractor, criropter |
chroma |
color |
monochromatic |
chronos, CHRON |
time |
chronicle, CHRONOLOGY, SYNCHRONIZE |
CLIN |
lean |
incline, thermocline |
cosmos, COSM |
order, world |
cosmology, cosmic |
CRAT, CRAS |
type of government |
bureaucrat, theocracy, democracy |
CRIT |
judge |
criticize |
crypto, CRYPT |
hide, conceal |
ENCRYPTION, CRYPTOGRAM |
cyclos, CYCLE |
circle, wheel |
bicycle, cyclorama |
Cynicus |
a Greek philosopher |
CYNIC, cynicism |
deleisthai, deleterios |
destroyer, harmful |
DELETERIOUS |
demos, DEM, DEMO |
the people |
ENDEMIC, demographic, democrat |
dendron |
tree |
dendroid |
derma, DERM |
skin |
dermatology, hypodermic, endodermic |
diatribe |
a wearing away |
DIATRIBE |
didakikos |
apt at speaking |
DIDACTICS |
didonai, dosis |
give |
dose, dosage |
doxo, DOX |
belief, opinion |
ORTHODOX, HETERODOXY, doxology |
dran, DRA |
to do, act |
DRAMATIZE |
DROM |
running course |
aerodrome |
dynamis, DYN |
force, power |
dynamic, dynamo, dyne |
eidyllion |
form, figure, image |
idyll, IDYLLIC |
eirene |
peace |
IRENIC |
eiron |
dissemble in speech |
irony, IRONIC, ironical |
eklegein |
to select, pick out |
ECLECTIC |
elektron, ELECTRO |
amber (electric) |
electron |
ekleipsis |
a defect, fall short |
ellipsis, elliptical, ELLIPSE |
enkomion |
hymn to a victor |
ENCOMIUM |
ENTOM |
insect |
entomology |
EP |
word |
epigraph |
ephemeros |
for the day, shortlived |
EPHEMERAL, ephemeris, ephemeron |
episteme |
knowledge |
EPISTEMOLOGY</ |