配置python命令tab键自动补全

本文实例讲述了Python实现Tab自动补全和历史命令管理的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下：

Python的startup文件，即环境变量 PYTHONSTARTUP 对应的文件

1. 为readline添加tab键自动补全的功能

2. 像Shell一样管理历史命令

代码如下：

复制代码 代码如下:

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
import rlcompleter
      
      
      
      
import readline
      
      
      
      
import atexit
      
      
      
      
import os
      
      
      
      
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7116038/python-tab-completion-mac-osx-10-7-lion
      
      
      
      
if 'libedit' in readline.__doc__:
      
      
      
      
 readline.parse_and_bind('bind ^I rl_complete')
      
      
      
      
else:
      
      
      
      
 readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
      
      
      
      
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pyhist')
      
      
      
      
try:
      
      
      
      
 readline.read_history_file(histfile)
      
      
      
      
except IOError:
      
      
      
      
 pass
      
      
      
      
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
      
      
      
      
del readline, rlcompleter, histfile, os
     
     
     
     

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

一。这个方法可以修改shell命令行的自动补全
1.获取python目录【我使用的是64位ubuntu系统】

[~$]python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Apr 10 2013, 06:20:15) 
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
      
      
      
      

       
       
       
       
>>> import sys
       
       
       
       
>>> sys.path
       
       
       
       
['', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-old', 
       
       
       
       
'/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages', 
       
       
       
       
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PIL', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gst-0.10', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0',
       
       
       
       
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client', 
       
       
       
       
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-couch', 
       
       
       
       
'/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-installer', '/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol']
       
       
       
       
>>> 
      
      
      
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     

    
    
    
    

从上面看出python在我电脑上的路径是 /usr/lib/python2.7

2.切换至该目录写个startup.py的脚本,脚本目录就是处理python中<tab>事件，脚本内容如下

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
      
      
      
      

       
       
       
       
#!/usr/bin/python 
       
       
       
       
# python startup file 
       
       
       
       
 
       
       
       
       
import sys 
       
       
       
       
import readline 
       
       
       
       
import rlcompleter 
       
       
       
       
import atexit 
       
       
       
       
import os 
       
       
       
       
# tab completion 
       
       
       
       
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete') 
       
       
       
       
# history file 
       
       
       
       
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory') 
       
       
       
       
try: 
       
       
       
       
 readline.read_history_file(histfile) 
       
       
       
       
except IOError: 
       
       
       
       
 pass 
       
       
       
       
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile) 
       
       
       
       
 
       
       
       
       
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter
      
      
      
      
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     

    
    
    
    

3.切换至自己主目录

复制代码 代码如下:

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
[/usr/lib/python2.7$]cd 
      
      
      
      
[~$]vi .bashrc 
     
     
     
     

4. 增加环境变量

代码如下:

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
#for python
      
      
      
      
export PYTHONSTARTUP=/usr/lib/python2.7/startup.py
     
     
     
     

5.配置环境变量生效

代码如下:

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
[~$]source .bashrc 
     
     
     
     

PYTHONSTARTUP是什么东西呢？

代码如下:

If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that file are executed before the first prompt
is displayed in interactive mode.  The file is executed in the same name space where interactive commands are
executed so that  objects defined  or  imported in it can be used without qualification in the interactive session. 
You can also change the prompts sys.ps1 and sys.ps2 in this file.

一、vim python自动补全插件：pydiction

可以实现下面python代码的自动补全：

1.简单python关键词补全
2.python 函数补全带括号
3.python 模块补全
4.python 模块内函数，变量补全
5.from module import sub-module 补全

想为vim启动自动补全需要下载插件，地址如下：

http://vim.sourceforge.net/scripts/script.php?script_id=850
https://github.com/rkulla/pydiction

安装配置：

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
       
       
       
       

        
        
        
        
wget https://github.com/rkulla/pydiction/archive/master.zip
        
        
        
        
unzip -q master
        
        
        
        
mv pydiction-master pydiction
        
        
        
        
mkdir -p ~/.vim/tools/pydiction
        
        
        
        
cp -r pydiction/after ~/.vim
        
        
        
        
cp pydiction/complete-dict ~/.vim/tools/pydiction
       
       
       
       
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      

     
     
     
     

确保文件结构如下：

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
# tree ~/.vim
      
      
      
      
/root/.vim
      
      
      
      
├── after
      
      
      
      
│ └── ftplugin
      
      
      
      
│ └── python_pydiction.vim
      
      
      
      
└── tools
      
      
      
      
 └── pydiction
      
      
      
      
 └── complete-dict
     
     
     
     

创建~/.vimrc,确保其中内容如下：

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
       
       
       
       

        
        
        
        
# cat ~/.vimrc
        
        
        
        
filetype plugin on
        
        
        
        
let g:pydiction_location = '~/.vim/tools/pydiction/complete-dict'
       
       
       
       
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      

     
     
     
     

用vim编辑一个py文件,import os.,这时候应该出现提示,证明成功,如下图

来自为知笔记(Wiz)