DirectX 9.0 C++ 教程 光照
效果图：一个有方向光(Directional lights)照着的茶壶。（根据DirectX SDK 光照例子改编）
对上面这张gif图片是如何制作感兴趣？看截取视频，然后制成gif 教程
1.光源
Direct3D支持3种光源。
1.点光源(Point lights),2. 方向光(Directional lights),3.聚光灯(Spot lights)
//光源结构体
typedef struct _D3DLIGHT9 {
D3DLIGHTTYPE Type;//类型，就是上面提到的三种
D3DCOLORVALUE Diffuse;//漫射
D3DCOLORVALUE Specular;//镜面光
D3DCOLORVALUE Ambient;//环境光
D3DVECTOR Position;//光源位置，对于方向光无意义
D3DVECTOR Direction;//传播方向，对于点光源无意义
float Range;//光线“消亡”前，所能达到的最大光程。
float Falloff;// 仅用于聚光灯。定义了光强从内锥形到外锥形的衰减方式
float Attenuation0;// 该衰减变量定义了光强随距离衰减的方式。仅用于点光源和聚光灯
float Attenuation1;// 同Attenuation0
float Attenuation2;// 同Attenuation0
float Theta;// 仅用于聚光灯。指定了内部锥形的圆锥角，单位为弧度
float Phi;// 仅用于聚光灯。指定了外部锥形的圆锥角，单位为弧度
} D3DLIGHT9;
//具体例子
// 初始化一个白色的方向光
D3DXVECTOR3 vecDir;
D3DLIGHT9 light;
ZeroMemory( &light, sizeof(D3DLIGHT9) );
light.Type = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;//方向光
light.Diffuse = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//设置光源的漫射光颜色为白色
light.Direction = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//光的传播方向平行x轴
light.Range = 1000.0f;
2.材质
在现实世界中，我们所观察到的物体的颜色是由该物体所反射的光决定的。例如，一个黄色的茶壶，反射了全部的黄色入射光，并吸收了所有非黄色的光，所以该茶壶显示为黄色。
//材质结构体
typedef struct _D3DMATERIAL9 {
D3DCOLORVALUE Diffuse; // 指定表面反射的漫反射光
D3DCOLORVALUE Ambient; // 指定表面反射的环境光
D3DCOLORVALUE Specular; // 指定表面反射的镜面光
D3DCOLORVALUE Emissive; // 表面本身自发光
float Power; // 镜面高光
} D3DMATERIAL9;
//具体例子
// 初始化一个材料
D3DMATERIAL9 mtrl;
ZeroMemory( &mtrl, sizeof(D3DMATERIAL9) );
mtrl.Diffuse = mtrl.Ambient = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); //材质有漫射和环境设置，都为黄色
g_pd3dDevice->SetMaterial( &mtrl );
3.全部源码，关注中文注释的即可
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// File: Lights.cpp
//
// Desc: Rendering 3D geometry is much more interesting when dynamic lighting
// is added to the scene. To use lighting in D3D, you must create one or
// Lights, setup a material, and make sure your geometry contains surface
// normals. Lights may have a position, a color, and be of a certain type
// such as directional (light comes from one direction), point (light
// comes from a specific x,y,z coordinate and radiates in all directions)
// or spotlight. Materials describe the surface of your geometry,
// specifically, how it gets lit (diffuse color, ambient color, etc.).
// Surface normals are part of a vertex, and are needed for the D3D's
// internal lighting calculations.
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <Windows.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <strsafe.h>
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Global variables
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D = NULL; // Used to create the D3DDevice
LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL; // Our rendering device
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVB = NULL; // Buffer to hold vertices
ID3DXMesh* Objects;//茶壶
// A structure for our custom vertex type. We added a normal, and omitted the
// color (which is provided by the material)
struct CUSTOMVERTEX
{
D3DXVECTOR3 position; // The 3D position for the vertex
D3DXVECTOR3 normal; // The surface normal for the vertex
};
// Our custom FVF, which describes our custom vertex structure
#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_NORMAL)
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: InitD3D()
// Desc: Initializes Direct3D
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
HRESULT InitD3D( HWND hWnd )
{
// Create the D3D object.
if( NULL == ( g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9( D3D_SDK_VERSION ) ) )
return E_FAIL;
// Set up the structure used to create the D3DDevice. Since we are now
// using more complex geometry, we will create a device with a zbuffer.
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
ZeroMemory( &d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp) );
d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = TRUE;
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
// Create the D3DDevice
if( FAILED( g_pD3D->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
&d3dpp, &g_pd3dDevice ) ) )
{
return E_FAIL;
}
// Turn off culling
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE );
// Turn on the zbuffer
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_ZENABLE, TRUE );
return S_OK;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: Cleanup()
// Desc: Releases all previously initialized objects
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID Cleanup()
{
if( g_pVB != NULL )
g_pVB->Release();
if( g_pd3dDevice != NULL )
g_pd3dDevice->Release();
if( g_pD3D != NULL )
g_pD3D->Release();
if(Objects != NULL)
Objects->Release();
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: SetupMatrices()
// Desc: Sets up the world, view, and projection transform matrices.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID SetupMatrices()
{
// 绕y轴旋转
D3DXMATRIXA16 matWorld;
D3DXMatrixIdentity( &matWorld );
D3DXMatrixRotationY( &matWorld, timeGetTime()/500.0f );
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &matWorld );
// 摄像机的位置
D3DXVECTOR3 vEyePt( 0.0f, 3.0f,-5.0f );
D3DXVECTOR3 vLookatPt( 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f );
D3DXVECTOR3 vUpVec( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f );
D3DXMATRIXA16 matView;
D3DXMatrixLookAtLH( &matView, &vEyePt, &vLookatPt, &vUpVec );
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_VIEW, &matView );
// 设置视锥体大小
D3DXMATRIXA16 matProj;
D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &matProj, D3DX_PI/4, 1.0f, 1.0f, 100.0f );
g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matProj );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: SetupLights()
// Desc: Sets up the Lights and materials for the scene.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID SetupLights()
{
// 初始化一个材料
D3DMATERIAL9 mtrl;
ZeroMemory( &mtrl, sizeof(D3DMATERIAL9) );
mtrl.Diffuse = mtrl.Ambient = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f,1.0f); //材质有漫射和环境光的设置，都为黄色
g_pd3dDevice->SetMaterial( &mtrl );
// 初始化一个白色的方向光
D3DXVECTOR3 vecDir;
D3DLIGHT9 light;
ZeroMemory( &light, sizeof(D3DLIGHT9) );
light.Type = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;//方向光
light.Diffuse = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);//设置光源的漫射光颜色为白色
//光的方向随着时间不断变化
vecDir = D3DXVECTOR3(cosf(timeGetTime()/350.0f),
1.0f,
sinf(timeGetTime()/350.0f) );
D3DXVec3Normalize( (D3DXVECTOR3*)&light.Direction, &vecDir );
// light.Direction = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//光的传播方向平行x轴
light.Range = 1000.0f;
g_pd3dDevice->SetLight( 0, &light );
g_pd3dDevice->LightEnable( 0, TRUE );
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_LIGHTING, TRUE );
// Finally, turn on some ambient light.
g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_AMBIENT, 0x00202020 );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: Render()
// Desc: Draws the scene
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID Render()
{
// 背景为蓝色
g_pd3dDevice->Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,
D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255), 1.0f, 0 );
// Begin the scene
if( SUCCEEDED( g_pd3dDevice->BeginScene() ) )
{
// 茶壶的材料颜色也定义在这个函数中
SetupLights();
// Setup the world, view, and projection matrices
SetupMatrices();
// Render the vertex buffer contents
g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource( 0, g_pVB, 0, sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX) );
g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF( D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX );
//创建一个茶壶
Objects = 0;
D3DXMATRIX Worlds;
D3DXCreateTeapot(g_pd3dDevice, &Objects, 0);
Objects->DrawSubset(0);
// End the scene
g_pd3dDevice->EndScene();
}
// Present the backbuffer contents to the display
g_pd3dDevice->Present( NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: MsgProc()
// Desc: The window's message handler
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
LRESULT WINAPI MsgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( msg )
{
case WM_DESTROY:
Cleanup();
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Name: WinMain()
// Desc: The application's entry point
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, INT )
{
// Register the window class
WNDCLASSEX wc = { sizeof(WNDCLASSEX), CS_CLASSDC, MsgProc, 0L, 0L,
GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
"D3D Tutorial", NULL };
RegisterClassEx( &wc );
// Create the application's window
HWND hWnd = CreateWindow( "D3D Tutorial", "D3D Tutorial 04: Lights",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 300, 300,
GetDesktopWindow(), NULL, wc.hInstance, NULL );
// Initialize Direct3D
if( SUCCEEDED( InitD3D( hWnd ) ) )
{
// Show the window
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
// Enter the message loop
MSG msg;
ZeroMemory( &msg, sizeof(msg) );
while( msg.message!=WM_QUIT )
{
if( PeekMessage( &msg, NULL, 0U, 0U, PM_REMOVE ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
else
Render();
}
}
UnregisterClass( "D3D Tutorial", wc.hInstance );
return 0;
}
文章源地址：http://www.waitingfy.com/?p=229
项目下载： Lights.rar (本站下载)
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