走进windows编程的世界-----消息处理函数（4）
一 右键菜单
1 右键菜单
当在窗口点击鼠标右键时，弹出的菜单。
2 右键菜单的使用
2.1 创建菜单
CreatePopupMenu
2.2 菜单增加
AppendMenu
2.3 菜单的显示、
BOOL TrackPopupMenu(
HMENU hMenu, //显示的菜单句柄
UINT uFlags, //显示的方式
int x, //菜单的X屏幕坐标
int y, //菜单的Y屏幕坐标
int nReserved, //保留,必须为0
HWND hWnd, //处理菜单命令的窗口句柄
CONST RECT *prcRect ); //忽略
2.4 菜单的命令处理
WM_COMMAND
2.5 使用右键菜单的位置
2.5.1 WM_RBUTTONUP 消息
在WM_RBUTTONUP中,添加菜单的创建及显示,
右键消息坐标,转换成屏幕坐标使用.
ClientToScreen.
2.5.2 WM_CONTEXTMENU 消息
用于显示右键的菜单的消息.
WPARAM - 右键抬起时对应窗口句柄
LPARAM - 右键抬起时鼠标的屏幕坐标位置
LOWORD(lParam) - X屏幕坐标
HIWORD(lParam) - Y屏幕坐标
2.5.3 WM_RBUTTONUP和WM_CONTEXTMENU对比
1) 坐标系不同, WM_RBUTTONUP客户区坐标,WM_CONTEXTMENU屏幕坐标
2) 先有WM_RBUTTONUP消息,后有WM_CONTEXTMENU消息
/* File : winPopMenu.cpp * Auth : sjin * Date : 20140706 * Mail : [email protected] */ #include <Windows.h> #include <stdio.h> HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; void OnRButtonUp( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { // 创建弹出式菜单 HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); // 增加菜单项 AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "测试1"); AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出"); // 获取菜单位置 POINT point = { 0 }; point.x = LOWORD( lParam ); point.y = HIWORD( lParam ); ClientToScreen( hWnd, &point ); // 显示菜单 TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN, point.x, point.y, 0, hWnd, NULL ); } void OnContextMenu( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { // 创建弹出式菜单 HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( ); // 增加菜单项 AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "测试2"); AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL ); AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出"); // 坐标获取 int nX = LOWORD( lParam ); int nY = HIWORD( lParam ); // 显示菜单 TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN, nX, nY, 0, hWnd, NULL ); // 删除菜单 DestroyMenu( hPopMenu ); } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nCmdID ) { case 1001: MessageBox( NULL, "Hello Popmenu", "PopMenu", MB_OK ); break; case 1002: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_RBUTTONUP: //OnRButtonUp( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_CONTEXTMENU: OnContextMenu( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }
二、资源的使用
1 资源文件
图标、光标、字符串、菜单、加速键和对话框资源,位图资源等等。
资源脚本文件 - 扩展名为RC文件。定义了资源和相关文件等等信息。
资源编译器 - RC.exe
2 图标资源ICON
2.1 常用的几种大小: 16X16, 32X32,48X48
2.2 使用
HICON LoadIcon(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序的句柄
LPCTSTR lpIconName );//图标的ID字符串
2.3 系统提供的图标
hInstance为空, lpIconName为定义的系统图标.
2.4 自己绘制的图标
hInstance为图标所在的应用程序的实例句柄
2.5 注意点：
一个图标文件中,可以包含多种大小、颜色不同的图标，系统使用图标时，通过大小来匹配，如果未找到大小完全一致的，那么会使用大小最接近的图标格式替换。
3 光标资源
3.1 光标资源
热点 Hotspot - 可以产生鼠标点击的位置
3.2 使用
HCURSOR LoadCursor(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序实例句柄
LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光标的ID
3.3 系统的光标
hInstance为空，lpCursorName指定为系统的光标即可获得
3.4 自绘制的光标
hInstance不能为空。
3.5 WM_SETCURSOR消息
当鼠标在窗口内就会产生。可以在程序执行的过程中修改鼠标样式。
wParam - 窗口句柄;
LOWORD(lParam) - 所在位置的标识
HIWORD(lParam) - 鼠标的消息ID
SetCursour 设置当前窗口的光标
/* File : winRes.cpp * Auth : sjin * Date : 20140710 * Mail : [email protected] */ #include <Windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <WinUser.h> #include "Resource.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam ); if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )/*为了只处理客户区消息，需要增加这个设置*/ { // return FALSE; } //获得窗口的客户区 RECT rcClient = { 0 }; GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient ); //获得当前光标的位置 POINT ptPos = { 0 }; GetCursorPos( &ptPos ); ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos ); //根据位置加载光标 HCURSOR hCursor = NULL; if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 ) { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { /*HCURSOR LoadCursor( * HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序实例句柄 * LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光标的ID * 系统光标: hInstance为NULL，lpCursorName：光标资源ID * 自绘制光标：hInstance不能为NULL，lpCursorName：自绘光标资源ID */ hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS ); } } else { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW ); } } // 设置光标 SetCursor( hCursor ); return TRUE; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { /*当鼠标在窗口内就会触发这个消息，可以再程序执行过程中修改光标的样式*/ case WM_SETCURSOR: if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) ) { /*设置光标属性生效，必须返回*/ return 0; } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } /*执行默认的光标属性*/ return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_POINTER) ); wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) ); wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }4 字符串资源
4.1 包含字符串的资源
4.2 使用
int LoadString(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄
UINT uID, //字符串资源的ID
LPTSTR lpBuffer, //存放字符串的BUFF
int nBufferMax ); //BUFF的大小
返回获取字符串的长度
5 菜单资源
5.1 添加菜单资源
5.2 加载菜单资源
HMENU LoadMenu(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpMenuName );//菜单ID字符串
返回加载成功的菜单的句柄
5.3 命令处理
使用添加的菜单ID的宏,在WM_COMMAND消息中,处理菜单命令.
6 加速键资源
6.1 加速键的作用
可以使用加速键执行命令. 例如Ctrl+S存盘.
6.2 加速键资源的添加
6.3 加速键的使用
6.3.1 加载
HACCEL LoadAccelerators(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//资源所在的应用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpTableName ); //加速键表的ID字符串
加载成功返回加速键表的句柄
6.3.2 增加消息处理
int TranslateAccelerator( HWND hWnd, //处理加速键的窗口句柄 HACCEL hAccTable, //加速键表 LPMSG lpMsg );//MSG结构的地址
6.4 关于加速键的消息
TranslateAccelerator的作用是将WM_KEYDOWN或者WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息,翻译成WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
当收到KEYDOWN或者SYSKEYDOWN的消息时,会根据加速键表中按键和命令ID对应关系,找到相应的命令ID,然后调用窗口处理函数,执行WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
当找到对应命令ID并执行后，TranslateAccelerator返回非零，那么就不再执行后续的处理，消息循环等候下一条消息。否则，继续让消息循环中的TansnlateMessage和DispatchMessage处理。
/* File : winRes.cpp * Auth : sjin * Date : 20140710 * Mail : [email protected] */ #include <Windows.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <WinUser.h> #include "Resource.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam ); if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )/*为了只处理客户区消息，需要增加这个设置*/ { // return FALSE; } //获得窗口的客户区 RECT rcClient = { 0 }; GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient ); //获得当前光标的位置 POINT ptPos = { 0 }; GetCursorPos( &ptPos ); ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos ); //根据位置加载光标 HCURSOR hCursor = NULL; if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 ) { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { /*HCURSOR LoadCursor( * HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序实例句柄 * LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光标的ID * 系统光标: hInstance为NULL，lpCursorName：光标资源ID * 自绘制光标：hInstance不能为NULL，lpCursorName：自绘光标资源ID */ hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS ); } } else { if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 ) { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT ); } else { hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW ); } } // 设置光标 SetCursor( hCursor ); return TRUE; } void OnCommand(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { /*ID 号*/ int nCmdID = LOWORD(wParam); switch(nCmdID){ case ID_40001: PostQuitMessage(0); break; case ID_40002: break; default: break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { /*当鼠标在窗口内就会触发这个消息，可以再程序执行过程中修改光标的样式*/ case WM_SETCURSOR: if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) ) { /*设置光标属性生效，必须返回*/ return 0; } break; case WM_COMMAND:/*处理菜单的命令*/ OnCommand(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } /*执行默认的光标属性*/ return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_POINTER) ); wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) ); wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { /*加载字符串资源 * int LoadString( * HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄 * UINT uID, //字符串资源的ID * LPTSTR lpBuffer, //存放字符串的BUFF * int nBufferMax ); //BUFF的大小 * 返回获取字符串的长度 * 用户：在多语言支持中使用字符串资源。 */ char buf[256] = {'\0'}; LoadString(g_hInst,IDS_MAIN,buf,256); /*加载菜单资源 * HMENU LoadMenu( * HINSTANCE hInstance, //应用程序句柄 * LPCTSTR lpMenuName );//菜单ID字符串 * * 返回加载成功的菜单的句柄 */ HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu(g_hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN)); HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, /*"MyWnd"*/buf, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message(HWND hWnd ) { /*加载加速键表 * */ HACCEL hAccel = LoadAccelerators(g_hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_ACCEL)); MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { /*增加加速键的消息处理*/ if(!TranslateAccelerator(hWnd,hAccel,&msg)){ TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message(hWnd ); return 0; }