利用keepalived构建高可用MySQL-HA

来源: 51CTO  发布时间: 2010-12-12 20:56  阅读: 2311 次  推荐: 0    原文链接    [收藏]  
摘要:今天我们将介绍利用keepalived构建高可用MySQL-HA,保证两台MySQL数据的一致性,然后用keepalived实现虚拟IP,通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换。

  关于MySQL-HA,目前有多种解决方案,比如heartbeat、drbd、mmm、共享存储,但是它们各有优缺点。heartbeat、drbd配置较为复杂,需要自己写脚本才能实现MySQL自动切换,对于不会脚本语言的人来说,这无疑是一种脑裂问题;对于mmm,生产环境中很少有人用,且mmm 管理端需要单独运行一台服务器上,要是想实现高可用,就得对mmm管理端做HA,这样无疑又增加了硬件开支;对于共享存储,个人觉得MySQL数据还是放在本地较为安全,存储设备毕竟存在单点隐患。

  使用MySQL双master+keepalived是一种非常好的解决方案,在MySQL-HA环境中,MySQL互为主从关系,这样就保证了两台MySQL数据的一致性,然后用keepalived实现虚拟IP,通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换。

  下面,我把即将上线的一个生产环境中的架构与大家分享一下,看一下这个架构中,MySQL-HA是如何实现的,环境拓扑如下

     
     
     
     
1 . MySQL - VIP: 192.168 . 1.200
2 . MySQL - master1: 192.168 . 1.201
3 . MySQL - master2: 192.168 . 1.202
4 .
5 . OS版本:CentOS 5.4
6 . MySQL版本: 5.0 . 89
7 . Keepalived版本: 1.1 . 20

  一、MySQL master-master配置

  1、修改MySQL配置文件

  两台MySQL均如要开启binlog日志功能,开启方法:在MySQL配置文件[MySQLd]段中加上log-bin=MySQL-bin选项

  两台MySQL的server-ID不能一样,默认情况下两台MySQL的serverID都是1,需将其中一台修改为2即可

  2、将192.168.1.201设为192.168.1.202的主服务器

  在192.168.1.201上新建授权用户

     
     
     
     
1 . MySQL > grant replication slave on * . * to ' replication ' @ ' % ' identified by ' replication ' ;
2 . Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
3 .
4 . MySQL > show master status;
5 . + -- ----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
6 . | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
7 . + -- ----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
8 . | MySQL - bin. 000003 | 374 | | |
9 . + -- ----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
10 . 1 row in set ( 0.00 sec)

  在192.168.1.202上将192.168.1.201设为自己的主服务器

     
     
     
     
1 . MySQL > change master to master_host = ' 192.168.1.201 ' ,master_user = ' replication ' ,master_password = ' replication ' ,master_log_file = ' MySQL-bin.000003 ' ,master_log_pos = 374 ;
2 . Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.05 sec)
3 .
4 . MySQL > start slave;
5 . Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
6 .
7 . MySQL > show slave status\G
8 . *************************** 1 . row ***************************
9 . Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
10 . Master_Host: 192.168 . 1.201
11 . Master_User: replication
12 . Master_Port: 3306
13 . Connect_Retry: 60
14 . Master_Log_File: MySQL - bin. 000003
15 . Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374
16 . Relay_Log_File: MySQL - master2 - relay - bin. 000002
17 . Relay_Log_Pos: 235
18 . Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL - bin. 000003
19 . Slave_IO_Running: Yes
20 . Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
21 . Replicate_Do_DB:
22 . Replicate_Ignore_DB:
23 . Replicate_Do_Table:
24 . Replicate_Ignore_Table:
25 . Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
26 . Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
27 . Last_Errno: 0
28 . Last_Error:
29 . Skip_Counter: 0
30 . Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374
31 . Relay_Log_Space: 235
32 . Until_Condition: None
33 . Until_Log_File:
34 . Until_Log_Pos: 0
35 . Master_SSL_Allowed: No
36 . Master_SSL_CA_File:
37 . Master_SSL_CA_Path:
38 . Master_SSL_Cert:
39 . Master_SSL_Cipher:
40 . Master_SSL_Key:
41 . Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
42 . 1 row in set ( 0.00 sec)

  3、将192.168.1.202设为192.168.1.201的主服务器

  在192.168.1.202上新建授权用户

     
     
     
     
1 . MySQL > grant replication slave on * . * to ' replication ' @ ' % ' identified by ' replication ' ;
2 . Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
3 .
4 . MySQL > show master status;
5 . + -- ----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
6 . | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
7 . + -- ----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
8 . | MySQL - bin. 000003 | 374 | | |
9 . + -- ----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
10 . 1 row in set ( 0.00 sec)

  在192.168.1.201上,将192.168.1.202设为自己的主服务器

     
     
     
     
1 . MySQL > change master to master_host = ' 192.168.1.202 ' ,master_user = ' replication ' ,master_password = ' replication ' ,master_log_file = ' MySQL-bin.000003 ' ,master_log_pos = 374 ;
2 . Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.05 sec)
3 .
4 . MySQL > start slave;
5 . Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
6 .
7 . MySQL > show slave status\G
8 . *************************** 1 . row ***************************
9 . Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
10 . Master_Host: 192.168 . 1.202
11 . Master_User: replication
12 . Master_Port: 3306
13 . Connect_Retry: 60
14 . Master_Log_File: MySQL - bin. 000003
15 . Read_Master_Log_Pos: 374
16 . Relay_Log_File: MySQL - master1 - relay - bin. 000002
17 . Relay_Log_Pos: 235
18 . Relay_Master_Log_File: MySQL - bin. 000003
19 . Slave_IO_Running: Yes
20 . Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
21 . Replicate_Do_DB:
22 . Replicate_Ignore_DB:
23 . Replicate_Do_Table:
24 . Replicate_Ignore_Table:
25 . Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
26 . Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
27 . Last_Errno: 0
28 . Last_Error:
29 . Skip_Counter: 0
30 . Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 374
31 . Relay_Log_Space: 235
32 . Until_Condition: None
33 . Until_Log_File:
34 . Until_Log_Pos: 0
35 . Master_SSL_Allowed: No
36 . Master_SSL_CA_File:
37 . Master_SSL_CA_Path:
38 . Master_SSL_Cert:
39 . Master_SSL_Cipher:
40 . Master_SSL_Key:
41 . Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
42 . 1 row in set ( 0.00 sec)

  4、MySQL同步测试

  如上述均正确配置,现在任何一台MySQL上更新数据都会同步到另一台MySQL,MySQL同步在此不再演示

  二、keepalived安装及配置

  1、192.168.1.201服务器上keepalived安装及配置

  安装keepalived

     
     
     
     
1 . #tar zxvf keepalived - 1.1 . 20 .tar.gz
2 . #cd keepalived - 1.1 . 20
3 . #. / configure -- prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686
4 . #make && make install

  配置keepalived

  我们自己在新建一个配置文件,默认情况下keepalived启动时会去/etc/keepalived目录下找配置文件

     
     
     
     
1 . #mkdir / etc / keepalived
2 . #vi / etc / keepalived / keepalived.conf
3 . ! Configuration File for keepalived
4 . global_defs {
5 . notification_email {
6 . luwenju @live .cn
7 . }
8 . notification_email_from luwenju @live .cn
9 . smtp_server 127.0 . 0.1
10 . smtp_connect_timeout 30
11 . router_id MySQL - ha
12 . }
13 .
14 . vrrp_instance VI_1 {
15 . state BACKUP #两台配置此处均是BACKUP
16 . interface eth0
17 . virtual_router_id 51
18 . priority 100 #优先级,另一台改为90
19 . advert_int 1
20 . nopreempt #不抢占,只在优先级高的机器上设置即可,优先级低的机器不设置
21 . authentication {
22 . auth_type PASS
23 . auth_pass 1111
24 . }
25 . virtual_ipaddress {
26 . 192.168 . 1.200
27 . }
28 . }
29 .
30 . virtual_server 192.168 . 1.200 3306 {
31 . delay_loop 2 #每个2秒检查一次real_server状态
32 . lb_algo wrr #LVS算法
33 . lb_kind DR #LVS模式
34 . persistence_timeout 60 #会话保持时间
35 . protocol TCP
36 . real_server 192.168 . 1.201 3306 {
37 . weight 3
38 . notify_down / usr / local / MySQL / bin / MySQL.sh #检测到服务down后执行的脚本
39 . TCP_CHECK {
40 . connect_timeout 10 #连接超时时间
41 . nb_get_retry 3 #重连次数
42 . delay_before_retry 3 #重连间隔时间
43 . connect_port 3306 #健康检查端口
44 . }
45 . }

  编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本

     
     
     
     
#vi / usr / local / MySQL / bin / MySQL.sh
#!
/ bin / sh
pkill keepalived
#chmod
+ x / usr / local / MySQL / bin / MySQL.sh

  注:此脚本是上面配置文件notify_down选项所用到的,keepalived使用notify_down选项来检查real_server的服务状态,当发现real_server服务故障时,便触发此脚本;我们可以看到,脚本就一个命令,通过pkill keepalived强制杀死keepalived进程,从而实现了MySQL故障自动转移。另外,我们不用担心两个MySQL会同时提供数据更新操作,因为每台MySQL上的keepalived的配置里面只有本机MySQL的IP+VIP,而不是两台MySQL的IP+VIP

  启动keepalived

     
     
     
     
1 . # / usr / local / keepalived / sbin / keepalived –D
2 . #ps - aux | grep keepalived

  测试

  找一台局域网PC,然后去ping  MySQL的VIP,这时候MySQL的VIP是可以ping的通的

  停止MySQL服务,看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本

  2、192.168.1.202上keepalived安装及配置

  安装keepalived

     
     
     
     
1 . #tar zxvf keepalived - 1.1 . 20 .tar.gz
2 . #cd keepalived - 1.1 . 20
3 . #. / configure -- prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-i686
4 . #make && make install

  配置keepalived

  这台配置和上面基本一样,但有三个地方不同:优先级为90、无抢占设置、real_server为本机IP

     
     
     
     
1 . #mkdir / etc / keepalived
2 . #vi / etc / keepalived / keepalived.conf
3 . ! Configuration File for keepalived
4 . global_defs {
5 . notification_email {
6 . luwenju @live .cn
7 . }
8 . notification_email_from luwenju @live .cn
9 . smtp_server 127.0 . 0.1
10 . smtp_connect_timeout 30
11 . router_id MySQL - ha
12 . }
13 .
14 . vrrp_instance VI_1 {
15 . state BACKUP
16 . interface eth0
17 . virtual_router_id 51
18 . priority 90
19 . advert_int 1
20 . authentication {
21 . auth_type PASS
22 . auth_pass 1111
23 . }
24 . virtual_ipaddress {
25 . 192.168 . 1.200
26 . }
27 . }
28 .
29 . virtual_server 192.168 . 1.200 3306 {
30 . delay_loop 2
31 . lb_algo wrr
32 . lb_kind DR
33 . persistence_timeout 60
34 . protocol TCP
35 . real_server 192.168 . 1.202 3306 {
36 . weight 3
37 . notify_down / usr / local / MySQL / bin / MySQL.sh
38 . TCP_CHECK {
39 . connect_timeout 10
40 . nb_get_retry 3
41 . delay_before_retry 3
42 . connect_port 3306
43 . }
44 . }

  编写检测服务down后所要执行的脚本

     
     
     
     
1 . #vi / usr / local / MySQL / bin / MySQL.sh
2 . #! / bin / sh
3 . pkill keepalived
4 . #chmod + x / usr / local / MySQL / bin / MySQL.sh
5 .
6 . 启动keepalived
7 . # / usr / local / keepalived / sbin / keepalived –D
8 . #ps - aux | grep keepalived

  测试

  停止MySQL服务,看keepalived健康检查程序是否会触发我们编写的脚本

  三、测试

  MySQL远程登录测试

  我们找一台安装有MySQL客户端的windows,然后登录VIP,看是否能登录,在登录之两台MySQL服务器都要授权允许从远程登录

     
     
     
     
1 . MySQL > grant all privileges on * . * to ' root ' @ ' % ' identified by ' 123456 ' ;
2 . Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
3 .
4 . MySQL > flush privileges ;
5 . Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)

  使用客户端登录VIP测试

     
     
     
     
1 . C:\MySQL\bin > MySQL.exe - uroot - p123456 - h192. 168.1 . 200 - P3306
2 . Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
3 . Your MySQL connection id is 224
4 . Server version: 5.0 . 89 - log Source distribution
5 .
6 . Type ' help; ' or ' \h ' for help. Type ' \c ' to clear the current input statement.
7 .
8 . MySQL >

  ● keepalived故障转移测试

  ※在windows客户端一直去ping  VIP,然后关闭192.168.1.201上的keepalived,正常情况下VIP就会切换到192.168.1.202上面去

  ※开启192.168.1.201上的keepalived,关闭192.168.1.202上的keepalived,看是否能自动切换,正常情况下VIP又会属于192.168.1.201

  注:keepalived切换速度还是非常块的,整个切换过程只需1-3秒

  ● MySQL故障转移测试

  ※在192.168.1.201上关闭MySQL服务,看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.202上

  ※开启192.168.1.201上的MySQL和keepalived,然后关闭192.168.1.202上的MySQL,看VIP是否会切换到192.168.1.201上

  下面是用windows客户端连接的MySQL的VIP,在切换时我执行了一个MySQL查询命令,从执行show databases到显示出结果时间为3-5秒(大家可以看到上面有个错误提示,不过不用担心,因为我们的keepalived切换大概为3秒左右,这3秒左右VIP是谁都不属于的)

     
     
     
     
1 . MySQL > show databases;
2 . ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
3 . No connection. Trying to reconnect...
4 . Connection id: 592
5 . Current database : *** NONE ***
6 .
7 . + -- ------------------+
8 . | Database |
9 . + -- ------------------+
10 . | information_schema |
11 . | MySQL |
12 . | test |
13 . + -- ------------------+
14 . 3 rows in set ( 9.01 sec)

  后话:世间万事万物,都不具备绝对的完美,就像上面的MySQL-HA一样,keepalived只能做到对3306的健康检查,但是做不到比如像MySQL复制中的slave-SQL、slave-IO进程的检查。所以要想做到一些细致的健康检查,还得需要借助额外的监控工具,比如nagios,然后用nagios实现短信、邮件报警,从而能够有效地解决问题。


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