【CPP Training】Data Abstraction and Hiding the Implementation PA
培训内容简要回顾
1）数据类型
a）什么是数据类型
b）C语言数据类型的回顾
c）引用类型
2）类与对象
a）类的概念
b）类的定义
c）类的属性
d）类的方法
e）类的成员访问
f）类成员的访问控制
3）构造函数与析构函数
a）构造函数
b）析构函数
c）构造函数与析构函数的执行顺序
4）动态对象的创建
a）程序运行时内存划分的区域
b）C语言中动态分配内存的方法
c）C++语言中动态分配内存的方法
d）使用new运算符函数
e）使用delete运算符函数
参考资料（Links）
1）数据抽象
2）隐藏代码的实现
3）初始化与清理
4）动态创建对象
编程练习题目
程序的输入
1 GUOHONGYUN 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 LICHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 XIAYUZHE 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 POSONG 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 LIUBO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 LEIYU 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 ZHANGCANGJU 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 XIANGKAILIN 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 HUANGHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 ZHUJIAJUN 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 ZHONGCHENG 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 3 LEIJUNAN 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 3 YANGBO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 WEIWEI 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 LIUTINGWEI 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 OUYANGYU 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 5 ZHANGXINHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 5 HOUTINGWU 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 KONGQIAO 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 SIXU 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 ZHANGJINJING 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 7 YANJUNHUA 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 7 HUANGRUI 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected]
一种实现的方式
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
// Informing the complier the
// contact book you have written
#include "ContactBook.h"
// Test script for the class
int main()
{
// Declare a object representing the contact book
ContactBook myContactBook;
const std::string szContactBookPath = "./Contact.txt";
const std::string szOutputContactBookPath = "./ContactModified.txt";
// Load the contact book
std::cout << "Load contact book from file "
<< szContactBookPath << "..." << std::endl;
myContactBook.loadContactBook( szContactBookPath );
std::cout << std::endl;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Display all contact infomation
std::cout << "Display contact book..." << std::endl;
myContactBook.displayAll();
std::cout << std::endl;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Display sigle contact infomation
std::cout << "Display POSONG's contact information..." << std::endl;
myContactBook.displaySingle( "POSONG" );
std::cout << std::endl;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Update POSONG's contact information
std::cout << "Update POSONG's contact information..." << std::endl;
ContactInfo infoToUpdate;
infoToUpdate.nInstructorNO = 1;
infoToUpdate.szName = "POSONG";
infoToUpdate.szPhoneNO = "12345678900";
infoToUpdate.szEmail = "[email protected]";
myContactBook.update( infoToUpdate );
// Display POSONG's contact infomation to see if
// it is successfully updated
std::cout << "Display POSONG's contact information after updating it..."
<< std::endl;
myContactBook.displaySingle( "POSONG" );
std::cout << std::endl;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Add someone else's contact information
std::cout << "Adding RC's contact information..." << std::endl;
ContactInfo infToAdd;
infToAdd.nInstructorNO = 5;
infToAdd.szName = "RC";
infToAdd.szPhoneNO = "00987654321";
infToAdd.szEmail = "[email protected]";
myContactBook.add( infToAdd );
// Display RC's contact infomation to see if
// it is successfully updated
std::cout << "Display RC's contact information after adding it..." << std::endl;
myContactBook.displaySingle( "RC" );
std::cout << std::endl;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Display the contact book before saving it
std::cout << "Display contact book before saving it..." << std::endl;
myContactBook.displayAll();
std::cout << std::endl;
// Save the contact book
std::cout << "Save the contact book to file "
<< szOutputContactBookPath << "..." << std::endl;
myContactBook.saveContactBook( szOutputContactBookPath );
std::cin.get();
return 0;
}
ContactBook.h
#ifndef _CONTACT_BOOK_
#define _CONTACT_BOOK_
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
/**
* @brief Structure representing one's contact information
*/
typedef struct tagContactInfo
{
// Instructor #
int nInstructorNO;
// Name
std::string szName;
// Phone Number
std::string szPhoneNO;
// Email
std::string szEmail;
} ContactInfo;
class ContactBook
{
public:
/** Constructor */
ContactBook();
/** Deconstructor */
~ContactBook();
public:
/** Load contact book from file.
* Read the file with the specified name and
* insert the contact infomation into the memory
* (i.e. the m_contactBook property of the class).
*
* @param const std::string & szContactFilePath File name of the contact book
* @return bool Indicating whether the operation is successful
* @see
* @note
*/
bool loadContactBook( const std::string & szContactFilePath );
/** Save the contact book to file.
* Save the contact book stored in the memory
* (i.e. the m_contactBook property of the class) to file.
*
* @param const std::string & szContactFilePath File name of the contact book
* @return bool Indicating whether the operation is successful
* @see
* @note
*/
bool saveContactBook( const std::string & szContactFilePath);
/** Display all the contact book
* Display all the contact infomation stored in the MEMORY.
* Since we just display what is already loaded in the m_contactBook,
* NO file reading operation is necessary.
*
* @param void
* @return void
* @see
* @note
*/
void displayAll( void );
/** Display one's contact information
* Display one's contact information stored in the MEMORY.
* Since we just display what is already loaded in the m_contactBook,
* NO file reading operation is necessary. If the name does not exist
* in the contact book, please prompt it to us as well.
*
* @param const std::string & szName The name who we want to know the contact information
* @return void
* @see
* @note
*/
void displaySingle( const std::string & szName );
/** Update one's contact information
* Update one's contact information stored in the MEMORY.
* Since we just update what is already loaded in the m_contactBook,
* NO file reading or writing operation is required. If you want to
* update file at the same time, just call the method 'saveContactBook'
* in the main function after calling this method.
*
* @param const ContactInfo & contactInfo Contact infomation required to be updated
* @return void
* @see saveContactBook
* @note
*/
void update( const ContactInfo & contactInfo );
/** Add one's contact information
* Add one's contact information stored in the MEMORY.
* Since we just add to what is already loaded in the m_contactBook,
* NO file reading or writing operation is required. If you want to
* update file at the same time, just call the method 'saveContactBook'
* in the main function after calling this method.
*
* @param const ContactInfo & contactInfo Contact infomation required to be added
* @return void
* @see saveContactBook
* @note
*/
void add( const ContactInfo & contactInfo );
private:
/** Property for contact book storage.
* The 'm_' prefix means that the variable is
* a member variable of the class.
*/
std::vector<ContactInfo> m_contactBook;
};
#endif ContactBook.cpp
#include "ContactBook.h"
/** Constructor */
ContactBook::ContactBook()
{
std::cout << "Constructor of the class \'ContactBook\'." << std::endl;
}
/** Deconstructor */
ContactBook::~ContactBook()
{
std::cout << "Deconstructor of the class \'ContactBook\'." << std::endl;
}
/** Load contact book from file.
* Read the file with the specified name and
* insert the contact infomation into the memory
* (i.e. the m_contactBook property of the class).
*
* @param const std::string & szContactFilePath File name of the contact book
* @return bool Indicating whether the operation is successful
* @see
* @note
*/
bool ContactBook::loadContactBook( const std::string & szContactFilePath )
{
std::ifstream inFile( szContactFilePath );
if ( !inFile.is_open() )
{
return false;
}
m_contactBook.clear();
ContactInfo info;
while ( true )
{
bool bSuccessful = false;
bSuccessful = ( inFile >> info.nInstructorNO >> info.szName >> info.szPhoneNO >> info.szEmail );
if ( !bSuccessful )
{
break;
}
m_contactBook.push_back( info );
}
inFile.close();
return true;
}
/** Save the contact book to file.
* Save the contact book stored in the memory
* (i.e. the m_contactBook property of the class) to file.
*
* @param const std::string & szContactFilePath File name of the contact book
* @return bool
* @see
* @note
*/
bool ContactBook::saveContactBook( const std::string & szContactFilePath )
{
std::ofstream outFile( szContactFilePath );
if ( !outFile.is_open() )
{
return false;
}
for ( int i = 0; i < m_contactBook.size(); i++ )
{
outFile << m_contactBook[i].nInstructorNO << " ";
outFile << m_contactBook[i].szName << " ";
outFile << m_contactBook[i].szPhoneNO << " ";
outFile << m_contactBook[i].szEmail << std::endl;
}
outFile.close();
return true;
}
/** Display all the contact book
* Display all the contact infomation stored in the MEMORY.
* Since we just display what is already loaded in the m_contactBook,
* NO file reading operation is necessary.
*
* @param void
* @return void
* @see
* @note
*/
void ContactBook::displayAll( void )
{
if ( m_contactBook.empty() )
{
std::cout << "There is no information stored in the contact book." << std::endl;
return;
}
for ( int i = 0; i < m_contactBook.size(); i++ )
{
std::cout << m_contactBook[i].nInstructorNO << " ";
std::cout << m_contactBook[i].szName << " ";
std::cout << m_contactBook[i].szPhoneNO << " ";
std::cout << m_contactBook[i].szEmail << std::endl;
}
}
/** Display one's contact information
* Display one's contact information stored in the MEMORY.
* Since we just display what is already loaded in the m_contactBook,
* NO file reading operation is necessary. If the name does not exist
* in the contact book, please prompt it to us as well.
*
* @param const std::string & szName The name who we want to know the contact information
* @return void
* @see
* @note
*/
void ContactBook::displaySingle( const std::string & szName )
{
bool bFound = false;
for ( int i = 0; i < m_contactBook.size(); i++ )
{
if ( szName == m_contactBook[i].szName )
{
std::cout << m_contactBook[i].nInstructorNO << " ";
std::cout << m_contactBook[i].szName << " ";
std::cout << m_contactBook[i].szPhoneNO << " ";
std::cout << m_contactBook[i].szEmail << std::endl;
bFound = true;
break;
}
}
if ( !bFound )
{
std::cout << "There is no contact information associated with name " << szName << "." << std::endl;
}
}
/** Update one's contact information
* Update one's contact information stored in the MEMORY.
* Since we just update what is already loaded in the m_contactBook,
* NO file reading or writing operation is required. If you want to
* update file at the same time, just call the method 'saveContactBook'
* in the main function after calling this method.
*
* @param const ContactInfo & contactInfo Contact infomation required to be updated
* @return void
* @see saveContactBook
* @note
*/
void ContactBook::update( const ContactInfo & contactInfo )
{
bool bFound = false;
for ( int i = 0; i < m_contactBook.size(); i++ )
{
if ( contactInfo.szName == m_contactBook[i].szName )
{
m_contactBook[i] = contactInfo;
bFound = true;
break;
}
}
if ( !bFound )
{
std::cout << "There is no contact information associated with name " << contactInfo.szName << "." << std::endl;
}
}
/** Add one's contact information
* Add one's contact information stored in the MEMORY.
* Since we just add to what is already loaded in the m_contactBook,
* NO file reading or writing operation is required. If you want to
* update file at the same time, just call the method 'saveContactBook'
* in the main function after calling this method.
*
* @param const ContactInfo & contactInfo Contact infomation required to be added
* @return void
* @see saveContactBook
* @note
*/
void ContactBook::add( const ContactInfo & contactInfo )
{
m_contactBook.push_back( contactInfo );
}
基于上述实现程序的输出
Constructor of the class 'ContactBook'. Load contact book from file ./Contact.txt... Display contact book... 1 GUOHONGYUN 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 LICHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 XIAYUZHE 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 POSONG 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 LIUBO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 LEIYU 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 ZHANGCANGJU 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 XIANGKAILIN 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 HUANGHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 ZHUJIAJUN 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 ZHONGCHENG 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 3 LEIJUNAN 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 3 YANGBO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 WEIWEI 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 LIUTINGWEI 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 OUYANGYU 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 5 ZHANGXINHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 5 HOUTINGWU 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 KONGQIAO 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 SIXU 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 ZHANGJINJING 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 7 YANJUNHUA 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 7 HUANGRUI 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] Display POSONG's contact information... 1 POSONG 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] Update POSONG's contact information... Display POSONG's contact information after updating it... 1 POSONG 12345678900 [email protected] Adding RC's contact information... Display RC's contact information after adding it... 5 RC 00987654321 [email protected] Display contact book before saving it... 1 GUOHONGYUN 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 LICHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 XIAYUZHE 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 POSONG 12345678900 [email protected] 1 LIUBO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 LEIYU 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 ZHANGCANGJU 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 1 XIANGKAILIN 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 HUANGHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 ZHUJIAJUN 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 2 ZHONGCHENG 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 3 LEIJUNAN 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 3 YANGBO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 WEIWEI 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 LIUTINGWEI 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 4 OUYANGYU 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 5 ZHANGXINHAO 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 5 HOUTINGWU 15XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 KONGQIAO 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 SIXU 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 6 ZHANGJINJING 18XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 7 YANJUNHUA 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 7 HUANGRUI 13XXXXXXXXX [email protected] 5 RC 00987654321 [email protected] Save the contact book to file ./ContactModified.txt... Deconstructor of the class 'ContactBook'.