sigaction函数详解

【sigaction系统调用】
 
功能描述:
处理信号。既可用于设定对任意信号的处理方式,也可用于检验该信号的目前预设处置方式。
 
 
用法:
#include <signal.h>

int sigaction(int signum, const struct sigaction *act, struct sigaction *oldact);
      
 
参数:
signum:除了SIGKILL和SIGSTOP之外的其它任何信号编码。
act:如果值非NULL,将安装为signum关联信号的新处理方式。
oldact:如果值非NULL,存储以前对signum关联信号的处理方式。

sigaction的结构形态如下:
struct sigaction {
    void (*sa_handler)(int);
    void (*sa_sigaction)(int, siginfo_t *, void *);
    sigset_t sa_mask;
    int sa_flags;
    void (*sa_restorer)(void);
}

在一些体系上,sa_handler和sa_sigaction共用一个联合体(union),所以不要同时指定两个字段的值。

sa_restorer字段已淘汰,不应该再被使用。

sa_handler字段指定与signum信号关联的行为,可能是SIG_DFL默认行为,SIG_IGN忽略接送到的信号,或者一个信号处理函数指针。这个函数以一个信号编码作为它的唯一参数。

如果sa_flags中存在SA_SIGINFO标志,那么sa_sigaction将作为signum信号的处理函数。这个函数的第一参数是信号编码,第二参数是siginfo_t结构的指针,第三参数是ucontext_t结构指针(造型为void *)。

sa_mask指定信号处理函数执行的过程中应被阻塞的信号。另外,除了SA_NODEFER标志被指定外,触发信号处理函数执行的那个信号也会被阻塞。

sa_flags指定一系列用于修改信号处理过程行为的标志,由下面的0个或多个标志通过or运算组合而成:
 SA_NOCLDSTOP //此标志为on时,假如signum的值是SIGCHLD,则在子进程停止或恢复执行时不会传信号给调用本系统调用的进程。
 SA_NOCLDWAIT //此标志为on时,当调用此系统调用的进程之子进程终止时,系统不会建立zombie进程。
 SA_RESETHAND //此标志为on时,信号处理函数接收到信号后,会先将对信号处理的方式设为预设方式,而且当函数处理该信号时,后来发生的信号将不会被阻塞。
 SA_ONSTACK //如果利用sigaltstack()建立信号专用堆栈,则此标志会把所有信号送往该堆栈。
 SA_RESTART //此标志为on时,核心会自动重启信号中断的系统调用,否则返回EINTR错误值。
 SA_NODEFER //当此标志为on时,在信号处理函数处置信号的时段中,核心程序不会把这个间隙中产生的信号阻塞。
 SA_SIGINFO //此标志为on时,指定信号处理函数需要三个参数,所以应使用sa_sigaction替代sa_handler。

sa_sigaction第二个参数siginfo_t结构的原型如下:

siginfo_t {
    int      si_signo;  /* Signal number */
    int      si_errno;  /* An errno value */
    int      si_code;   /* Signal code */
    pid_t    si_pid;    /* Sending process ID */
    uid_t    si_uid;    /* Real user ID of sending process */
    int      si_status; /* Exit value or signal */
    clock_t  si_utime;  /* User time consumed */
    clock_t  si_stime;  /* System time consumed */
    sigval_t si_value;  /* Signal value */
    int      si_int;    /* POSIX.1b signal */
    void *   si_ptr;    /* POSIX.1b signal */
    void *   si_addr;   /* Memory location which caused fault */
    int      si_band;   /* Band event */
    int      si_fd;     /* File descriptor */
}

开头的三个字段si_signo,si_errno 和 si_code为所有信号使用(Linux中si_signo不被使用),结构的剩下部分可看作联合体,所以应该只读取对给定信号有意义的字段。 POSIX.1b信号和SIGCHLD填写si_pid 和 si_uid两个字段。SIGCHLD信号同时填写si_status, si_utime 和 si_stime。si_int 和 si_ptr为POSIX.1b信号发送者而指定。SIGILL,SIGFPE,SIGSEGV 和 SIGBUS用出错地址填写si_addr字段。

 

si_code指示信号发送的原因。它是一个值,而不是位掩码。下面表中列出任何信号的可能值:

    +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
       |                             si_code                               |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |Value      | Signal origin                                         |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |SI_USER    | kill(), sigsend(), or raise()                         |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |SI_KERNEL  | The kernel                                            |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |SI_QUEUE   | sigqueue()                                            |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |SI_TIMER   | POSIX timer expired                                   |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |SI_MESGQ   | POSIX message queue state changed (since Linux 2.6.6) |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |SI_ASYNCIO | AIO completed                                         |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |SI_SIGIO   | queued SIGIO                                          |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
       |SI_TKILL   | tkill() or tgkill() (since Linux 2.4.19)              |
       +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+

       +-------------------------------------+
       |               SIGILL                |
       +-----------+-------------------------+
       |ILL_ILLOPC | illegal opcode          |
       +-----------+-------------------------+
       |ILL_ILLOPN | illegal operand         |
       +-----------+-------------------------+
       |ILL_ILLADR | illegal addressing mode |
       +-----------+-------------------------+
       |ILL_ILLTRP | illegal trap            |
       +-----------+-------------------------+
       |ILL_PRVOPC | privileged opcode       |
       +-----------+-------------------------+
       |ILL_PRVREG | privileged register     |
       +-----------+-------------------------+
       |ILL_COPROC | coprocessor error       |
       +-----------+-------------------------+
       |ILL_BADSTK | internal stack error    |
       +-----------+-------------------------+

       +----------------------------------------------+
       |                   SIGFPE                     |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+
       |FPE_INTDIV | integer divide by zero           |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+
       |FPE_INTOVF | integer overflow                 |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+
       |FPE_FLTDIV | floating point divide by zero    |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+
       |FPE_FLTOVF | floating point overflow          |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+
       |FPE_FLTUND | floating point underflow         |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+
       |FPE_FLTRES | floating point inexact result    |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+
       |FPE_FLTINV | floating point invalid operation |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+
       |FPE_FLTSUB | subscript out of range           |
       +-----------+----------------------------------+

       +----------------------------------------------------+
       |                      SIGSEGV                       |
       +------------+---------------------------------------+
       |SEGV_MAPERR | address not mapped to object          |
       +------------+---------------------------------------+
       |SEGV_ACCERR | invalid permissions for mapped object |
       +------------+---------------------------------------+

       +--------------------------------------------+
       |                  SIGBUS                    |
       +-----------+--------------------------------+
       |BUS_ADRALN | invalid address alignment      |
       +-----------+--------------------------------+
       |BUS_ADRERR | non-existent physical address  |
       +-----------+--------------------------------+
       |BUS_OBJERR | object specific hardware error |
       +-----------+--------------------------------+

       +--------------------------------+
       |            SIGTRAP             |
       +-----------+--------------------+
       |TRAP_BRKPT | process breakpoint |
       +-----------+--------------------+
       |TRAP_TRACE | process trace trap |
       +-----------+--------------------+

       +----------------------------------------------------------------+
       |                            SIGCHLD                             |
       +--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
       |CLD_EXITED    | child has exited                                |
       +--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
       |CLD_KILLED    | child was killed                                |
       +--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
       |CLD_DUMPED    | child terminated abnormally                     |
       +--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
       |CLD_TRAPPED   | traced child has trapped                        |
       +--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
       |CLD_STOPPED   | child has stopped                               |
       +--------------+-------------------------------------------------+
       |CLD_CONTINUED | stopped child has continued (since Linux 2.6.9) |
       +--------------+-------------------------------------------------+

       +-----------------------------------------+
       |                SIGPOLL                  |
       +---------+-------------------------------+
       |POLL_IN  | data input available          |
       +---------+-------------------------------+
       |POLL_OUT | output buffers available      |
       +---------+-------------------------------+
       |POLL_MSG | input message available       |
       +---------+-------------------------------+
       |POLL_ERR | i/o error                     |
       +---------+-------------------------------+
       |POLL_PRI | high priority input available |
       +---------+-------------------------------+
       |POLL_HUP | device disconnected           |
       +---------+-------------------------------+

返回说明:
成功执行时,返回0。失败返回-1,errno被设为以下的某个值
EFAULT:act或oldact指向的内存区并非有效的进程地址空间
EINVAL:指定无效的信号,或者尝试改变SIGKILL 或  SIGSTOP信号的处理方式

 

 


 

例子:

2007-10-02 13:13

 #include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <setjmp.h>

void sig_handler(int);
void count_prime(int);

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
 struct sigaction nact;
 int i;
 
 if(argc < 2) {
  printf("Usage: argv[0] <number> /n/n");
  exit(1);
 }
 
 i = atoi(argv[1]);
 nact.sa_handler = sig_handler;
 nact.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 
 sigaction(SIGINT, &nact, NULL);
 printf("****************************************************************************/n");
 count_prime(i);
 printf("****************************************************************************/n");

 exit(0);

}

void sig_handler(int sig){
 printf("SIGINT is caught/n");

 return;
}

void count_prime(int num)
{
 static int j, k = 2;
 static unsigned int total = 0;


 puts("counting ...");
 
 for(; k <= num; ++k) {
  j = 2;
  
  while(k % j != 0)
   ++j;
  
  if(j == k) {
   printf("%d/t", k);
   
   if(total % 10 == 0)
    printf("/n");
  
   ++total;
  }
 }
 
 printf("/n");
 printf("Total number of primes between 0~%d is %d /n", num, total);
 return;
}

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