浅谈一下如何使用CLI监查Asterisk的运行

  CLI, 就是Command Line Interface的缩写，直译的话就是“命令行界面”。顾名思义，我们可以在CLI下执行Asterisk的命令。在查找问题，监视运行时，CLI十分迅速便捷，因此是我的故障排查的首选工具。

（一）如何进入和退出CLI
首先SSH（或Telnet）到你的TrixBox，以root登陆。这时Asterisk已经在运行中。键入命令：

[root@asterisk1 ~]# asterisk -r

回车，看到：

[root@asterisk1 ~]# asterisk -r Asterisk 1.2.12.1, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2006 Digium, Inc. and others. Created by Mark Spencer <[email protected]> Asterisk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; type 'show warranty' for details. This is free software, with components licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 and other licenses; you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. Type 'show license' for details. ========================================================================= Connected to Asterisk 1.2.12.1 currently running on asterisk1 (pid = 2443) Verbosity is at least 1 asterisk1*CLI>

这时，你就已经成功地进入了CLI。
要退出CLI, 只需在CLI 下键入命令：

asterisk1*CLI> exit

（二）CLI命令一览
在CLI下，键入 help, 回车后就会看到所有的CLI命令。初次看到这些命令可能会令你头晕目眩！接触时间长了就会慢慢适应。（我就不在此逐一诠释了，否则我也要骨断筋折了 ）

（三）用CLI监视Asterisk运行
这时我最常用的功能。它可以让我看到Asterisk的一举一动！下面用一个实例说明一下：
这一次，我们用

asterisk -r -cvvvvv

进入CLI
其中， Asterisk 是主程序名， -r 表示要重新连接(r=reconnect), 最后面的 -cvvvvv 决定CLI 显示的信息量。这了我用了5个v，你也可以酌情增加或减少，v越多，CLI显示的信息量就越大！( 在CLI下，用 set verbose 5也可以设定其信息量为5)

进入CLI后，让这个SSH窗口开着，我打开一个softphone（112 IAX分机），并拨打7777(模拟外线拨入)，电话接通到IVR后，接驳111分机。下面就是CLI的输出信息：

asterisk1*CLI> asterisk1*CLI> -- Accepting AUTHENTICATED call from 192.168.1.148: > requested format = gsm, > requested prefs = (), > actual format = ulaw, > host prefs = (ulaw|alaw|gsm), > priority = mine -- Executing Goto("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "from-pstn|s|1") in new stack -- Goto (from-pstn,s,1) -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "FROM_DID=s") in new stack -- Executing Gosub("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "app-blacklist-check|s|1") in new stack -- Executing LookupBlacklist("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "") in new stack -- Executing GotoIf("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "0?blacklisted") in new stack -- Executing Return("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "") in new stack -- Executing Goto("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "ivr-2|s|1") in new stack -- Goto (ivr-2,s,1) -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "LOOPCOUNT=0") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "__DIR-CONTEXT=default") in new stack -- Executing Answer("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "") in new stack -- Executing Wait("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "1") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "TIMEOUT(digit)=3") in new stack -- Digit timeout set to 3 -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "TIMEOUT(response)=10") in new stack -- Response timeout set to 10 -- Executing BackGround("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "custom/welcome_1") in new stack -- Playing 'custom/welcome_1' (language 'en') == CDR updated on IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2 -- Executing Goto("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "ivr-3|s|1") in new stack -- Goto (ivr-3,s,1) -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "LOOPCOUNT=0") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "__DIR-CONTEXT=default") in new stack -- Executing Answer("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "") in new stack -- Executing Wait("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "1") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "TIMEOUT(digit)=3") in new stack -- Digit timeout set to 3 -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "TIMEOUT(response)=10") in new stack -- Response timeout set to 10 -- Executing BackGround("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "custom/cn_dial_ext") in new stack -- Playing 'custom/cn_dial_ext' (language 'en') == CDR updated on IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2 -- Executing Macro("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "exten-vm|novm|111") in new stack -- Executing Macro("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "user-callerid") in new stack -- Executing GotoIf("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "0?report") in new stack -- Executing GotoIf("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "0?start") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "REALCALLERIDNUM=112") in new stack -- Executing NoOp("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "REALCALLERIDNUM is 112") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "AMPUSER=112") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "AMPUSERCIDNAME=") in new stack -- Executing GotoIf("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "1?report") in new stack -- Goto (macro-user-callerid,s,10) -- Executing NoOp("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "Using CallerID "IAX Notebook" <112>") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "FROMCONTEXT=exten-vm") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "VMBOX=novm") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "EXTTOCALL=111") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "CFUEXT=") in new stack -- Executing Set("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "RT=") in new stack -- Executing Macro("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "record-enable|111|IN") in new stack -- Executing GotoIf("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "0 > 0?2:4") in new stack -- Goto (macro-record-enable,s,4) -- Executing DeadAGI("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "recordingcheck|20061121-231623|1164179772.9") in new stack -- Launched AGI Script /var/lib/asterisk/agi-bin/recordingcheck recordingcheck|20061121-231623|1164179772.9: Inbound recording not enabled -- AGI Script recordingcheck completed, returning 0 -- Executing NoOp("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "No recording needed") in new stack -- Executing GotoIf("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "0?dolocaldial|1") in new stack -- Executing Macro("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "dial||tr|111") in new stack -- Executing DeadAGI("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "dialparties.agi") in new stack -- Launched AGI Script /var/lib/asterisk/agi-bin/dialparties.agi dialparties.agi: Starting New Dialparties.agi dialparties.agi: priority is 1 dialparties.agi: Caller ID name is 'IAX Notebook' number is '112' dialparties.agi: Methodology of ring is 'none' > dialparties.agi: USE_CONFIRMATION: 'FALSE' > dialparties.agi: RINGGROUP_INDEX: '' -- dialparties.agi: Added extension 111 to extension map -- dialparties.agi: Extension 111 cf is disabled -- dialparties.agi: Extension 111 do not disturb is disabled > dialparties.agi: extnum: 111 > dialparties.agi: exthascw: 1 > dialparties.agi: exthascfb: 0 > dialparties.agi: extcfb: > dialparties.agi: exthascfu: 0 > dialparties.agi: extcfu: -- dialparties.agi: dbset CALLTRACE/111 to 112 -- AGI Script dialparties.agi completed, returning 0 -- Executing Dial("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "SIP/111||tr") in new stack -- Called 111 -- SIP/111-08558c68 is ringing -- SIP/111-08558c68 answered IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2 == Spawn extension (macro-dial, s, 10) exited non-zero on 'IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2' in macro 'dial' == Spawn extension (macro-dial, s, 10) exited non-zero on 'IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2' in macro 'exten-vm' == Spawn extension (macro-dial, s, 10) exited non-zero on 'IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2' -- Executing Macro("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "hangupcall") in new stack -- Executing ResetCDR("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "w") in new stack -- Executing NoCDR("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "") in new stack -- Executing GotoIf("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "1?theend") in new stack -- Goto (macro-hangupcall,s,6) -- Executing Wait("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "5") in new stack -- Executing Hangup("IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2", "") in new stack == Spawn extension (macro-hangupcall, s, 7) exited non-zero on 'IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2' in macro 'hangupcall' == Spawn extension (macro-hangupcall, s, 7) exited non-zero on 'IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2' -- Hungup 'IAX2/192.168.1.148:4569-2

现在我们可以从中看到Asterisk的一举一动，如果在这个过程中你遇到了问题，CLI一般会有相应的输出信息。这会对故障排查带来极大便利。当你与别人交流或求助时，如果能附上一个CLI输出信息，那将非常有利于对方对你的问题的迅速和准确的理解。

上面提到CLI除了监控外，还有很多命令。灵活，准确地运用这些命令将大大加快故障排除的速度。