使用Percona XtraBackup热备和恢复MySQL

1.在http://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/  下载对应平台的XtraBackup，这里使用的是http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/XtraBackup-2.0.0/binary/Linux/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.0.tar.gz

 

2.解压tar -zvxf percona-xtrabackup-2.0.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

 

3.因为MySQL我安装的是Percona-Server-5.5.21，而且安装目录为：/usr/local/Percona-Server-5.5.21-rel25.0-227.Linux.x86_64/，注:同样可以用于其他MySQL版本

 cd /usr/local/percona-xtrabackup-2.0.0/bin
 cp * /usr/local/Percona-Server-5.5.21-rel25.0-227.Linux.x86_64/bin/

 因为系统Path里面已经加入

 export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:/usr/local/Percona-Server-5.5.21-rel25.0-227.Linux.x86_64/bin:$PATH

 

4.我的mysql的配置文件是/etc/my.cnf，如果不指定，XtraBackup默认使用此文件识别mysql安装目录，数据文件目录等信息

 

5.全量备份：innobackupex --user=DBUSER --password=DBUSERPASS /path/to/BACKUP-DIR/，我使用/data/backup/mysql/作为mysql备份文件存放目录

 innobackupex --user=YOUS --password=YOUS /data/backup/mysql

看到类似输出说明备份成功，如出错，根据提示解决

 innobackupex: Backup created in directory '/data/backup/mysql/2012-05-28_19-01-32'
 innobackupex: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000063', position 44718229367
 120528 19:07:53  innobackupex: completed OK!

可以在/data/backup/mysql/2012-05-28_19-01-32看到备份的文件

此时，cat xtrabackup_checkpoints会看到

 backup_type = full-backuped
 from_lsn = 0
 to_lsn = 44718229367
 last_lsn = 44718229367

 

 

6.全量Preparing：innobackupex --apply-log /path/to/BACKUP-DIR

 innobackupex --user=YOUS --password=YOUS --apply-log /data/backup/mysql/2012-05-28_19-01-32/

 

可以看到如下生成文件：

 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root          13 May 28 19:07 xtrabackup_binary
 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root          26 May 29 15:07 xtrabackup_binlog_info
 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root          43 May 29 15:07 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
 -rw-r-----. 1 root root          85 May 29 15:07 xtrabackup_checkpoints
 -rw-r-----. 1 root root     2097152 May 29 14:03 xtrabackup_logfile

cat xtrabackup_checkpoints，可以看出是全量备份并且做了prepare的

 backup_type = full-prepared
 from_lsn = 0
 to_lsn = 49556823920
 last_lsn = 49556823920

 

7.增量备份的前提是必须已经做过全量备份。

增量备份：innobackupex --incremental /path/to/BACKUP-DIR/--incremental-basedir=BASEDIR，当有了INCREMENTAL-DIR-1之后，下一次增量备份的需要基于INCREMENTAL-DIR-1，变成innobackupex --incremental /path/to/BACKUP-DIR/ --incremental-basedir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-1

全量备份的目录是：/data/backup/mysql/2012-05-28_19-01-32

 innobackupex --incremental /data/backup/mysql --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/mysql/2012-05-28_19-01-32/ --user=YOUS --password=YOUS

 

增量备份成功会生成目录/data/backup/mysql/2012-05-29_14-25-03

cat xtrabackup_checkpoints

 backup_type = incremental
 from_lsn = 44718229367
 to_lsn = 49556823920
 last_lsn = 49556823920

 

8.增量Preparing，对每一个增量备份目录：

innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-1
innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only BASE-DIR --incremental-dir=INCREMENTAL-DIR-2

 innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /data/backup/mysql/2012-05-28_19-01-32/ --incremental-dir=/data/backup/mysql/2012-05-29_14-25-03 --user=YOUS--password=YOUS

看到如下输出：

 120529 14:29:43 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 49556823920
 120529 14:29:43 innobackupex: completed OK!

cd BASE-DIR，cat xtrabackup_checkpoints

 backup_type = full-prepared
 from_lsn = 0
 to_lsn = 49556823920
 last_lsn = 49556823920

 当把所有的增量备份都执行Preparing后，还可以全量备份和全部的增量备份做一次Preparing，

innobackupex --apply-log BASE-DIR

 

9.恢复数据：innobackupex --copy-back BASE-DIR

引用  http://willvvv.iteye.com/blog/1544043