移植最新linux-3.8.2内核到mini2440

转自：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-22609852-id-3519678.html

1.修改Makefile
ARCH        ?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE   ?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=

ARCH        ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE   ?= arm-linux-

[root: linux-3.8.2]# make mini2440_defconfig
执行
make uImage

用上文移植的uboot20120401来启动这次编译的内核。
将uImage拷贝到tftp服务器共享目录
然后在开发板上
tftp 32000000 uImage-new
bootm 32000000
发现启动后是乱码



应该是串口波特率不一致导致的
uboot设置下启动参数
set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
再次执行
tftp 32000000 uImage-new
bootm 32000000
系统启动了，因为本人用的是1G的nand, 分区可以修改一下更合理。
另外，root分区不存在文件系统还需要烧写文件系统

2.烧写文件系统
[root: linux-3.8.2]# grep "u-boot-env" * -nR
Binary file arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/mach-mini2440.o matches
arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/mach-mini2440.c:255:  .name = "u-boot-env",

修改为
static struct mtd_partition mini2440_default_nand_part[] __initdata = {
[0] = {
  .name = "u-boot",
  .size = SZ_256K,
  .offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
  .name = "u-boot-env",
  .size = SZ_128K,
  .offset = SZ_256K,
},
[2] = {
  .name = "kernel",
  /* 5 megabytes, for a kernel with no modules
   * or a uImage with a ramdisk attached */
  .size = SZ_1M * 5,
  .offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,
},
[3] = {
  .name = "root",
  .offset = MTDPART_OFS_APPEND,
  .size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,
},
};

再次make uImage并将uImage拷贝到自己的tftp服务器共享目录
烧写jffs2（假定已制作号的文件系统名为my_rootfs）
（
如若要烧写yaffs文件系统，需要修改之前移植的uboot20120401中mini2440.h
打开宏定义CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS
重新烧写uboot,这样才能使用nand write.yaffs 烧写yaffs文件系统。
tftp 30000000 my_rootfs.yaffs2
nand erase.part rootfs
nand write.yaffs 30000000 560000 791340
其中560000是rootfs开始存放的offset地址
如果自己使用的uboot支持yaffs则可免此步,后面也给出了打开yaffs宏的补丁
）
set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2
tftp 30000000 my_rootfs.jffs2
nand erase.part rootfs
nand write.jffs2 30000000 560000 $filesize
tftp 32000000 uImage-new
bootm 32000000

3.自制文件系统
3.1 编译busybox
    下载：最新的busybox-1.20.2.tar.bz2
   解压：tar xjf busybox-1.20.2.tar.bz2
   从busybox根目录下vi INSTALL可以看到编译busybox的步骤
    The BusyBox build process is similar to the Linux kernel build:
      make menuconfig     # This creates a file called ".config"
      make                # This creates the "busybox" executable
make install # or make CONFIG_PREFIX=/path/from/root install
    3.1.1 make menuconfig修改编译前缀
    按/搜索"compile"发现
    │ Symbol: CROSS_COMPILER_PREFIX [=]                           
     │ Prompt: Cross Compiler prefix                                          
     │   Defined at Config.in:590                                           
     │   Location:                                                                    
     │     -> Busybox Settings                                                   
     │       -> Build Options
     找到编译前缀的位置加上arm-linux-
     -> Busybox Settings
       -> Build Options
         -> (arm-linux-) Cross Compiler prefix
     或者直接
     vi .config
     修改CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILER_PREFIX="arm-linux-"
  3.1.2
     make
     创建一个文件系统文件夹
     mkdir /home/tftproot/my_rootfs -p
  3.1.3 安装busybox
     make install CONFIG_PREFIX=/home/tftproot/my_rootfs

    

3.2 安装glibc库
  3.2.1 从本机交叉工具链拷贝动态链接库
    [root: busybox-1.20.2]# echo $PATH
   /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/bin
   cd /opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/
   [root: 4.4.3]# ls
   arm-none-linux-gnueabi  bin  include  lib  libexec  man  share
   cd arm-none-linux-gnueabi
  ls -l发现lib -> .//sys-root/lib
   即我们需要拷贝/opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/sys-root/lib下面的库
   mkdir /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/lib -p
     cp /opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/sys-root/lib/*.so* /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/lib -d
   
   

     mkdir /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/usr/lib -p
     cp /opt/FriendlyARM/toolschain/4.4.3/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/sys-root/usr/lib/*.so* /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/usr/lib -d
      （其实很多库可以裁剪掉）
  3.2.2 构建其它目录
    查看busybox下的examples/inittab
    发现没有/etc/inittab也会自行下列默认行为
  ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
   ::askfirst:/bin/sh
   ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
   ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
   ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
   ::restart:/sbin/init
   但还是把它加上，还要加一个串口信息
  mkdir /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/etc -p
   vi /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/etc/inittab
   输入
  ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
   console::askfirst:-/bin/sh
   ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
   ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
   ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
   ::restart:/sbin/init
   保存
   chmod +x /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/etc/init.d/rcS
     其中
     /etc/init.d/rcS是系统启动执行的第一个脚本
    
    mkdir /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/etc/init.d -p
     vi /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/etc/init.d/rcS
     输入
     #!/bin/sh
     ifconfig eth0 169.254.252.204
     #挂载文件系统，见etc/fstab
     mount -a
     mkdir /dev/pts
     mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts
     echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
     mdev -s
     保存，加上可执行权限
    chmod +x /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/etc/init.d/rcS  

   vi /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/etc/fstab     输入
     #device mount-point type options  dump fsck order
     proc  /proc    proc defaults 0   0
     tmpfs  /tmp    tmpfs defaults 0   0
     sysfs  /sys    sysfs defaults 0   0
     tmpfs  /dev    tmpfs defaults 0   0
     保存
    
     创建设备文件
     mkdir /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/dev -p
     cd /home/tftproot/my_rootfs/dev
     mknod console c 5 1
     mknod null c 1 3
    
     创建其他目录
     cd /home/tftproot/my_rootfs
     mkdir proc mnt tmp sys root

3.3 制作jffs2
  mkfs.jffs2 -n -s 2048 -e 128KiB -d /home/tftproot/my_rootfs -o my_rootfs.jffs2
  -n:不要在擦除块上加清除标志
  -s 2048：一页大小2048B
  -e 128KiB：擦除块大小128KB
  -d：制定根文件系统目录
  -o：输出文件
 
  （可能提示先安装mtd-utils：apt-get install mtd-utils）
  制作完成

   

    实验uboot启动内核后使用jffs2文件系统
    注意开发板的启动参数设置：
   set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2
    tftp 30000000 my_rootfs.jffs2
    nand erase.part rootfs
    nand write.jffs2 30000000 560000 $filesize
    tftp 32000000 uImage-new
    bootm 32000000

  

3.4 制作yaffs
  3.4.1 获取yaffs
   git clone git://www.aleph1.co.uk/yaffs2
   （可能需要先 apt-get install git-core）
  3.4.2 给内核打yaffs补丁
  cd yaffs-dir
   ./patch-ker.sh  c m linux-tree   比如 ./patch-ker.sh c m /home/profiles/linux-3.8.2.tar/linux-3.8.2

   3.4.3 配置内核使支持yaffs
   搜索YAFFS
     -> File systems
   │       -> Miscellaneous filesystems (MISC_FILESYSTEMS [=y]) 
   │ (1)     -> yaffs2 file system support (YAFFS_FS [=n])   
   按路径找到yaffs2 file system support
   使(*)yaffs2 file system support
   make uImage
   有错误
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:440: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:441: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:445: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:447: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:480: error: unknown field 'write_super' specified in initializer
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:480: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c: In function 'yaffs_evict_inode':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:875: error: implicit declaration of function 'end_writeback'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c: In function 'yaffs_do_sync_fs':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2205: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2216: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2218: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c: In function 'yaffs_mtd_put_super':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2514: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'sync'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2515: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'sync'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c: In function 'yaffs_touch_super':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2526: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c: In function 'yaffs_internal_read_super':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2702: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'erase'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2703: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2704: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'write'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2705: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2706: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'write_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2707: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_isbad'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2708: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_markbad'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2732: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'erase'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2733: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_isbad'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2734: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_markbad'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2734: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2734: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'write'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2736: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2736: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'write_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2757: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'erase'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2757: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2757: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'write'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2759: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2759: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'write_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2967: error: implicit declaration of function 'd_alloc_root'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2967: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2976: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  
   struct mtd_info定义的函数前都加了下划线，如mtd->sync应改为mtd->_sync
   ...
   if (mtd->_sync)
  mtd->_sync(mtd);
  ...
   yaffs_trace(YAFFS_TRACE_OS, " erase %p", mtd->_erase);
  yaffs_trace(YAFFS_TRACE_OS, " read %p", mtd->_read);
  yaffs_trace(YAFFS_TRACE_OS, " write %p", mtd->_write);
  yaffs_trace(YAFFS_TRACE_OS, " readoob %p", mtd->_read_oob);
  yaffs_trace(YAFFS_TRACE_OS, " writeoob %p", mtd->_write_oob);
  yaffs_trace(YAFFS_TRACE_OS, " block_isbad %p", mtd->_block_isbad);
  yaffs_trace(YAFFS_TRACE_OS, " block_markbad %p", mtd->_block_markbad);
  ...
  但是还是有错误
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:480: error: unknown field 'write_super' specified in initializer
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:875: error: implicit declaration of function 'end_writeback'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2205: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2216: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2218: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2514: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'sync'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2515: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'sync'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2526: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2967: error: implicit declaration of function 'd_alloc_root'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2976: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
 
  一个个错误解决：
 
  s/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:480: error: unknown field 'write_super' specified in initializer
   在include/linux/fs.h中的struct super_operations定义添加 void (*write_super) (struct super_block *);
  
   fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:875: error: implicit declaration of function 'end_writeback'
   end_writeback在yaffs_evict_inode中，搜索发现
   .evict_inode = yaffs_evict_inode,
   SI中搜索"evict_inode"，随便打开一个结果
  Inode.c (fs\ncpfs): .evict_inode = ncp_evict_inode,
   Inode.c (fs\omfs): .evict_inode = omfs_evict_inode,
 
  通过ncp_evict_inode、omfs_evict_inode发现有一个函数和end_writeback近似：clear_inode。
  将end_writeback(inode);改成
  clear_inode(inode);

  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2205: error: 'struct super_block' has no member named 's_dirt'
  在include/linux/fs.h中的struct super_block定义中添加unsigned int  s_dirt;
 
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_vfs.c:2967: error: implicit declaration of function 'd_alloc_root'
  SI中搜索“s_root”，发现有sb->s_root = d_make_root(inode);这样的语句
  则将错误中d_alloc_root改为d_make_roo
 
  再改几个地方
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c: In function 'nandmtd_erase_block':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif.c:42: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'erase'
 
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c: In function 'nandmtd1_write_chunk_tags':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c:138: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'write_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c: In function 'nandmtd1_read_chunk_tags':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c:200: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c:223: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_isbad'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c: In function 'nandmtd1_mark_block_bad':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c:291: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_markbad'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c: In function 'nandmtd1_query_block':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif1.c:341: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_isbad'

  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c: In function 'nandmtd2_write_chunk_tags':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c:90: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'write_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c: In function 'nandmtd2_read_chunk_tags':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c:145: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c:154: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'read_oob'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c: In function 'nandmtd2_mark_block_bad':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c:218: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_markbad'
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c: In function 'nandmtd2_query_block':
  fs/yaffs2/yaffs_mtdif2.c:237: error: 'struct mtd_info' has no member named 'block_isbad'
  再次make uImage完成
  3.4.4 rootfs制成yaffs文件系统并烧写
  mkyaffs2image /home/tftproot/my_rootfs my_rootfs.yaffs2
  (附件有mkyaffs2image)
  在uboot下
tftp 30000000 my_rootfs.yaffs2
  nand erase.part rootfs
  nand write.yaffs 30000000 560000  $filesize
  set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
  tftp 32000000 uImage_yaffs
  bootm 32000000
  完成

4.
制作了u-boot.bin, uImage_yaffs, my_rootfs.yaffs2
重烧整个系统：
j-link烧u-boot.bin
或使用uboot来更新自己:
tftp 30000000 u-boot.bin; nand erase.part u-boot; nand write 30000000 u-boot
启动uboot，参数设置
set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
save
用它来烧写内核、FS
tftp 30000000 my_rootfs.yaffs2; nand erase.part rootfs; nand write.yaffs 30000000 560000  $filesize
tftp 30000000 uImage_yaffs; nand erase.part kernel; nand write 30000000 kernel
bootm 30000000

其中，u-boot打补丁：
下载u-boot2012.04.01源码解压后
进入u-boot2012.04.01根目录（假定补丁存在上级目录）
patch -p1 < ../u-boot-2012.04.01_with_yaffs.patch

内核打补丁：
下载linux-3.8.2源码解压后
进入linux-3.8.2根目录（假定补丁存在上级目录）
patch -p1 < ../linux-3.8.2_yaffs_mini2440.patch
cp config_mini2440 .config
make uImage