在将字符串转化为html碎片时,一般会将字符串作为容器的innerHTML属性赋值。但innerHTML有很多局限性,比如我们想转化的字符串中有<script>标签并且包含一个立即执行的函数,如果将此字符串通过innerHTML转化为html碎片,<script>标签中的函数并不会被执行。
jQuery中的.html()函数可以弥补innerHTML的缺陷,我们看下这个方法是如何实现的。
其实原理很简单:正则匹配<script>标签,获取js函数,然后用eval()函数解析。jQuery在处理此工程中有几个细节值得学习。
首先看一下html()函数的主入口:
1 html: function( value ) { 2 return access( this, function( value ) { 3 var elem = this[ 0 ] || {}, 4 i = 0, 5 l = this.length; 6 7 if ( value === undefined ) { 8 return elem.nodeType === 1 ? 9 elem.innerHTML.replace( rinlinejQuery, "" ) : 10 undefined; 11 } 12 13 // See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML 14 if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) && 15 ( support.htmlSerialize || !rnoshimcache.test( value ) ) && 16 ( support.leadingWhitespace || !rleadingWhitespace.test( value ) ) && 17 !wrapMap[ (rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ])[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) { 18 19 value = value.replace( rxhtmlTag, "<$1></$2>" ); 20 21 try { 22 for (; i < l; i++ ) { 23 // Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks 24 elem = this[i] || {}; 25 if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) { 26 jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) ); 27 elem.innerHTML = value; 28 } 29 } 30 31 elem = 0; 32 33 // If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method 34 } catch(e) {} 35 } 36 37 if ( elem ) { 38 this.empty().append( value ); 39 } 40 }, null, value, arguments.length ); 41 },
1. html()函数返回一个单例闭包access()函数,避免作用域污染;
2. 第14行,首先确定value是string类型,并且用 rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) 正则匹配value中是否包含<script>标签;
3. 第26行,首先清理容器的内容,然后将value作为容器的innerHTML属性赋值,然后将代表容器的局部变量elem赋值为0,跳过37行逻辑。有些同学会疑惑,将elem赋值为0为什么不会影响dom元素?这里面涉及到JavaScript中值类型和引用类型的区别,请自行查阅相关资料;
4. 第38行,如果value中包括<script>标签,则用append()方法进行后续操作。
那么append()函数是怎么处理的呢?
1 append: function() { 2 return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) { 3 if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { 4 var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); 5 target.appendChild( elem ); 6 } 7 }); 8 },
append()函数调用domManip()函数,回调函数中的参数elem是经domManip()函数处理后的documentFragment,domManip()内部代码如下:
1 domManip: function( args, callback ) { 2 3 // Flatten any nested arrays 4 args = concat.apply( [], args ); 5 6 var first, node, hasScripts, 7 scripts, doc, fragment, 8 i = 0, 9 l = this.length, 10 set = this, 11 iNoClone = l - 1, 12 value = args[0], 13 isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value ); 14 15 // We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit 16 if ( isFunction || 17 ( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" && 18 !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { 19 return this.each(function( index ) { 20 var self = set.eq( index ); 21 if ( isFunction ) { 22 args[0] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); 23 } 24 self.domManip( args, callback ); 25 }); 26 } 27 28 if ( l ) { 29 fragment = jQuery.buildFragment( args, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, this ); 30 first = fragment.firstChild; 31 32 if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { 33 fragment = first; 34 } 35 36 if ( first ) { 37 scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); 38 hasScripts = scripts.length; 39 40 // Use the original fragment for the last item instead of the first because it can end up 41 // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). 42 for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { 43 node = fragment; 44 45 if ( i !== iNoClone ) { 46 node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); 47 48 // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration 49 if ( hasScripts ) { 50 jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); 51 } 52 } 53 54 callback.call( this[i], node, i ); 55 } 56 57 if ( hasScripts ) { 58 doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; 59 60 // Reenable scripts 61 jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); 62 63 // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion 64 for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { 65 node = scripts[ i ]; 66 if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && 67 !jQuery._data( node, "globalEval" ) && jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { 68 69 if ( node.src ) { 70 // Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present 71 if ( jQuery._evalUrl ) { 72 jQuery._evalUrl( node.src ); 73 } 74 } else { 75 jQuery.globalEval( ( node.text || node.textContent || node.innerHTML || "" ).replace( rcleanScript, "" ) ); 76 } 77 } 78 } 79 } 80 81 // Fix #11809: Avoid leaking memory 82 fragment = first = null; 83 } 84 } 85 86 return this; 87 }
1. 第28行-55行,生成docmentFragment,并将<script>节点克隆以便后续的解析执行;
2. 第57行-79行,执行<script>内部的代码,注意75行的 node.text || node.textContent || node.innerHTML || "" ,这是兼容写法,即获取<script>标签内部的文本。
3. 第69行,如果<script>标签是引用外部资源,则请求资源url;
3. 第75行,如果<script>标签是行内代码,则调用globaleEval()函数执行<script>内部的逻辑,代码如下:
1 globalEval: function( data ) { 2 if ( data && jQuery.trim( data ) ) { 3 // We use execScript on Internet Explorer 4 // We use an anonymous function so that context is window 5 // rather than jQuery in Firefox 6 ( window.execScript || function( data ) { 7 window[ "eval" ].call( window, data ); 8 } )( data ); 9 } 10 },