设计模式——装饰者模式 Java源代码

装饰者模式,可以动态地把职责附加到已有的对象上面去。又称 Wrapper Pattern,在代码实现的时候,确实有“包装”的意思。

类图

设计模式——装饰者模式 Java源代码_第1张图片
图:来自《Head First Design Patterns》

可以看出,装饰者模式里面,有4个角色:Component抽象类,ConcreteComponent具体类,Decorator抽象类,ConcreteDecorator具体类


图:我的Java源代码的类图

总共10个类
一个Component抽象类
两个ConcreteComponent具体类
一个Decorator抽象类
五个ConcreteDecorator具体类
一个Main测试类

ConcreteDecorator 继承了Decorator抽象类, 组合了Component抽象类。Decorator抽象类继承了Component抽象类,这个继承的目的是:it’s vital that the decorators have the same type as the object they are going to decorate。简而言之,就是为了获得相同的类型,并不是为了获得行为。组合是为了让所有的concreteDecorator可以“互相包装、装饰”

talk is cheap, show me the code

去食堂打菜,经济套餐,假设总共只有5种食物可供选择分别是:手撕包菜,茄子豆角,麻婆豆腐,青椒肉丝,红烧里脊。

一个Component抽象类

package decorator;

public abstract class Meal
{
    String description = "Unknown Meal";

    public String getDescription()
    {
        return description;
    }

    public abstract double cost();
}

两个ConcreteComponent具体类

package decorator;

public class ChineseMeal extends Meal {
    public ChineseMeal()
    {
        description = "Chinese Meal";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost()
    {
        return 1.0;        // 一次性餐具费用
    }

}
package decorator;

public class WesternMeal extends Meal {
    public WesternMeal()
    {
        description = "Western meal";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost()
    {
        return 5.0;        // 不锈钢刀、叉费用
    }

}

一个Decorator抽象类

package decorator;

public abstract class Decorator extends Meal {
    public abstract String getDescription();
}

五个ConcreteDecorator具体类

package decorator;

// 茄子豆角
public class EggplantBean extends Decorator {
    Meal meal;

    public EggplantBean(Meal meal)
    {
        this.meal = meal;
    }
    @Override
    public String getDescription()
    {
        return meal.getDescription() + ", 茄子豆角";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost()
    {
        return 2 + meal.cost();
    }

}
package decorator;

// 青椒炒肉
public class GreenPepperPork extends Decorator {
    Meal meal;

    public GreenPepperPork(Meal meal)
    {
        this.meal = meal;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription()
    {
        return meal.getDescription() + ", 青椒炒肉";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost()
    {
        return 3 + meal.cost();
    }

}
package decorator;

// 手撕包菜
public class HandCabbage extends Decorator {
    Meal meal;

    public HandCabbage(Meal meal)
    {
        this.meal = meal;
    }
    @Override
    public String getDescription()
    {
        return meal.getDescription() + ", 手撕包菜";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost()
    {
        return 2 + meal.cost();
    }

}
package decorator;

// 麻婆豆腐
public class MapoTofu extends Decorator {
    Meal meal;

    public MapoTofu(Meal meal)
    {
        this.meal = meal;
    }
    @Override
    public String getDescription()
    {
        return meal.getDescription() + ", 麻婆豆腐";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost()
    {
        return 4 + meal.cost();
    }
}
package decorator;

// 红烧里脊
public class BraiseTenderloin extends Decorator {
    Meal meal;

    public BraiseTenderloin(Meal meal)
    {
        this.meal = meal;
    }
    @Override
    public String getDescription()
    {
        return meal.getDescription() + ", 红烧里脊";
    }

    @Override
    public double cost()
    {
        return 5 + meal.cost();
    }

}

一个Main测试类

package decorator;

public class Main
{

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Meal meal = new ChineseMeal();
        meal = new GreenPepperPork(meal);
        meal = new HandCabbage(meal);
        meal = new BraiseTenderloin(meal);
        System.out.println(meal.getDescription() + " ¥" + meal.cost());

        Meal meal2 = new ChineseMeal();
        meal2 = new EggplantBean(new MapoTofu(new BraiseTenderloin(meal2)));
        System.out.println(meal2.getDescription() + " ¥" + meal2.cost());

    }

}

运行结果

直接从eclipse复制过来

Chinese Meal, 青椒炒肉, 手撕包菜, 红烧里脊  ¥11.0
Chinese Meal, 红烧里脊, 麻婆豆腐, 茄子豆角  ¥12.0

分析讨论

去食堂打菜,经济套餐,假设总共只有5种食物可供选择分别是:手撕包菜,茄子豆角,麻婆豆腐,青椒肉丝,红烧里脊。如果可以随意打菜,就可以有 C15+C25+C35+C45+C55=251=31 种选择。如果写代码把这120种选择都分别弄成一个类,就有31个类。这样不仅代码重复率太高,而且如果食堂更改了上述五样菜中一样菜的价格,那么31个类的代码需要全部修改。这不符合开闭原则,不利于代码的维护和扩展。

装饰者模式就可以解决上述这种“类的爆炸式增长”问题,各种各样的排列组合太多,不能在代码中一个类一个。

装饰者模式的特点是“继承(inheritance) + 组合(Composition)”:继承是为了让component和decorator拥有相同的类型,组合是为了让所有的concreteDecorator可以“互相包装、装饰”。装饰者又名Wrapper大概就是这样来的。

Java. IO

Java.IO 中应用了装饰者模式

FileInputStream   fiStream = null;
InputStreamReader iStreamReader = null;
BufferedReader    bReader = null; 

fiStream = new FileInputStream("C:\\xxxx"); 

// InputStreamReader 是字节流通向字符流的桥梁、
iStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(fiStream); 

// 从字符输入流中读取文件中的内容,装饰了一个InputStreamReader的对象
bReader = new  BufferedReader(iStreamReader("C:\\xxxx"));     
一句代码版本,把3new放到一起
BufferedReader bReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("C:\\xxxx"));

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