WM_CLOSE、WM_DESTROY、WM_QUIT学习总结(点击关闭按钮会触发WM_CLOSE消息,DestroyWindow API会触发WM_DESTROY和WM_NCDESTROY消息,MSDN上写的很清楚)

WM_CLOSE:关闭应用程序窗口

WM_DESTROY:关闭应用程序
WM_QUIT:关闭消息循环
只有关闭了消息循环,应用程序的进程才真正退出(在任务管理器里消失)。
win32应用程序的完整退出过程:点击窗口右上角的关闭按钮,发送WM_CLOSE消息。此消息处理中调用DestroyWindow函数,发送WM_DESTROY消息。此消息处理中调用PostQuitMessage(0)函数,发送WM_QUIT消息到消息队列中。GetMessage捕获到WM_QUIT,返回0,退出循环(应用程序真正退出)。
tips:按照上述正常流程,WM_QUIT是不会到达窗口过程的。(因为在GetMessage截获了WM_QUIT消息之后,程序已经彻底退出了!)
 
MFC应用程序的完整退出过程:点击窗口右上角的关闭按钮,或选择【File/Close】,发出 WM_CLOSE消息。CMyFrameWnd 并没有设置WM_CLOSE 处理常式,于是交给预设之处理常式。 预设函数对于WM_CLOSE 的处理方式是呼叫 ::DestroyWindow, 并因而发出WM_DESTROY。预设之WM_DESTROY 处理方式是呼叫::PostQuitMessage,因此发出WM_QUIT。CWinApp::Run 收到WM_QUIT 后会结束其内部之讯息回路, 然后呼叫ExitInstance,这是CWinApp 的?个虚拟函数。如果自己应用程序累CMyWinApp 改写了ExitInstance , 那么CWinApp::Run 所呼叫的就是CMyWinApp::ExitInstance,否则就是 CWinApp::ExitInstance。最后回到 AfxWinMain,执行 AfxWinTerm,结束程序。
附加:当调用DestroyWindow函数后,操作系统就会进行一系列的删除动作,先发送WM_DESTROY消息,接着发送WM_NCDESTROY消息。如果这个窗口还有子窗口或者是其它窗口的所有者,就需要给所有子窗口发送删除消息。
WM_QUIT是唯一可以使GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)返回假值的消息.
 
相关代码分析:
//主函数中进入消息循环的代码片断
while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg); //将消息进行处理一下
DispatchMessage(&msg); //再将消息变量msg传给windows,让windows来调用消息处理函数
}
如果把GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0)改为GetMessage(&msg,hWnd,0,0),则发现关闭应用程序后,任务管理器中仍有该程序的进程,且占用大量的内存,why?
msdn中的原因解释;对于GetMessage(&msg,hWnd,0,0),当第二个参数无效时,此函数返回值为-1。对于上述循环来说,此while条件为真,因此进入死循环,进程无法退出。
http://hhfighting.blog.163.com/blog/static/5570032320108215323797/
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VCL里相应的代码:
procedure TCustomForm.WMClose(var Message: TWMClose);
begin
  Close;
end;

procedure TCustomForm.Close;
var
  CloseAction: TCloseAction;
begin
  if fsModal in FFormState then
    ModalResult := mrCancel
  else
    if CloseQuery then
    begin
      if FormStyle = fsMDIChild then
        if biMinimize in BorderIcons then
          CloseAction := caMinimize else
          CloseAction := caNone
      else
        CloseAction := caHide;
      DoClose(CloseAction);
      if CloseAction <> caNone then
        if Application.MainForm = Self then Application.Terminate
        else if CloseAction = caHide then Hide
        else if CloseAction = caMinimize then WindowState := wsMinimized
        else Release;
    end;
end;

procedure TCustomForm.WMDestroy(var Message: TWMDestroy);
begin
  if NewStyleControls then SendMessage(Handle, WM_SETICON, 1, 0);
  if (FMenu <> nil) and (FormStyle <> fsMDIChild) then
  begin
    Windows.SetMenu(Handle, 0);
    FMenu.WindowHandle := 0;
  end;
  inherited;
end;

还有:

function TApplication.ProcessMessage(var Msg: TMsg): Boolean;
var
  Handled: Boolean;
begin
  Result := False;
  if PeekMessage(Msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE) then
  begin
    Result := True;
    if Msg.Message <> WM_QUIT then
    begin
      Handled := False;
      if Assigned(FOnMessage) then FOnMessage(Msg, Handled);
      if not IsHintMsg(Msg) and not Handled and not IsMDIMsg(Msg) and
        not IsKeyMsg(Msg) and not IsDlgMsg(Msg) then
      begin
        TranslateMessage(Msg);
        DispatchMessage(Msg);
      end;
    end
    else
      FTerminate := True;
  end;
end;

DestroyWindow函数来自这里(TApplication.Destroy里也调用了这个函数):

procedure TWinControl.DestroyWindowHandle;
begin
  Include(FControlState, csDestroyingHandle);
  try
    if not Windows.DestroyWindow(FHandle) then
      RaiseLastOSError;
  finally
    Exclude(FControlState, csDestroyingHandle);
  end;
  FHandle := 0;
end;

那难道每个TButton,每个TPanel,都会收到WM_DESTROY消息吗?

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