英语学习

英语考试大作文

        40min 250-280字，一般为主观议论文，其中举例最好是以自身为例。主语用I，不用you，题目一般是给定现象或观点，问题。

        应对步骤是首先审题，确定该说的话，然后定文章结构，最后表达。关于文章的结构，就是包含几段，一般有开头段，中间两段和总结段，可以适度加段数。

        关于表达方式，说得泛泛一点，需要有词组的多样性。说得具体一点，需要明确在每个位置上明白改写什么样句型。例如，There be, 在开头可以用于叙述，在中间用于罗列观点，在结尾用于提出解决方案。 It is 表示态度，也可以在长句的中间位置用来表达观点。 还有被动句式，用于强调重要性，比如the importance of sth. cannot be ignored. 另外，虚拟语气常用于让步从句。插入语以及分词，从句用于将短句变长。当然，从句这种东西一般不要过多使用，一般不超过三次。举例，leading to, triggering, being instead of, and 并列句等等。

        常考的主题包括：国家政策，科技传媒，社会，教育，其中社会类最多，第二是科技传媒，第三是政策，第四是教育，我们可以依照领域找相关的话题以及词汇。下面详述政策类话题，这类话题主要包括三种：人民权利，政府义务(维稳，文化保护)，预算(教育，医疗，科技，救援)。上学类题目包括三个小类：上学为了就业，适应社会，高学历开阔眼界。

        现在讨论如何依据问题确定文章结构。如果Is it positive or negative 或Do you agree or disagree, 或是只有一个主干的题目，用三七开的结构，也就是中间两个段落三七。如果题目类似于Discuss and give your opinion, 则用对半开。如果问Why, 也是采取对半开，因为原因和解决方案各占一段，两者独立且长度相同。中间两段如果对半开的话一般总共10句左右。

        接下来举例说明第一种结构，以写作圣经中范例26，问题是To what extent do you think the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. 采用三七开，第一段是转述作者观点：A  prevailing phenomenon nowadays is that countries on the earth are becoming more and more assimilated. People at every corner of the globe incline to share and enjoy the same spiritual as well as material life together. Such a trend has both merits and demerits. As for me, the former prevails the latter. 首段一般需要两句左右。这篇三七开的文章中，主一段的作用就是让步，主二段的作用就是反驳。下面详细说明：让步段：The drawbacks of such a global village are multifarious. Some people are really concerned about the loss of their national identity. Others are upset at the prospect of economic and cultural globalization, which will endanger the jobs of people in many industries. In the upcoming future, they are afraid cultural diversity will be a historical term. 反驳段：On the contrary, optimists come up with many novel ideas countering the opinions mentioned above. They feel that globalization spells more opportunities for the world. The conformity of all the countries in the field of fashion and entertainment, among others, will eventually lead to greater harmony. If that were realized, peace will dominate the world. Appreciation of the same films clothing, etc. will not murder man's creativity and innovation. The creative spirit in industries highlighting innovation will only be rejuvenated, not stifled. Besides, improved communications along with globalization will inject more and more momentum to the education industry, with the aspect of language education in particular. This is another aspect of how globalization benefits the world. 上述例中，分成三点展开，各用了两句，都是详述+总结。尾段包含总结+重申+建议，范例：All in all, the fact that globalization has blur the boundaries of various nations and ethic groups is a general trend. It has both upsides and downsides. But it is my firm belief that its benefits outweigh its negatives. 

        接下来说明第二种结构。范例是圣经第30页的文章，问题是Discuss these positions, using specific examples of both. Tell which one you agree with and explain why. 首段应当包含改写，首先分析双方，再提出自己的倾向或目的。范文：For over fifty years, a number of nations have been involved in the exploration of outer space. This research has been costly. Has this money been spent or wasted?  接下来的主一段用于陈述观点1，范例：Some people believe that all or most space research projects should be eliminated because of its incredible expense, not only in terms of money, but also in terms of scientific and human resources. These people point out that it cost billions of dollars to send astronauts to the moon, but all they brought back were only worthless rocks. These people say that the money wasted here should be spent on more important projects right here on earth, such as providing houses for homeless people, improving education systems, saving the environment, finding cures for diseases. 主二段用于陈述观点2:，范例：However, other people believe that space research has provided many benefits to mankind. They point out that hundreds of useful products, from personal computers to heart pacemakers to freeze-dried foods, are the direct or indirect results of space research. They say that weather and communication satellites, also the products of space research, have benefited people all over the globe. In addition to these practical benefits, supporters of the space programs point to the scientific knowledge that has been acquired about the sun, the moon and even about our own earth as a result of space research. 尾段包含总结+亮明观点+建议，其中亮明观点可以是直接支持一方，或是二者都支持，或是二者都否定，或是先提出条件，再给出观点，然后分类讨论。(a general trend=a prevailing phenomenon, it is my frank belief that, outweigh=prevail over)

       另一种结构就是五段式结构，首段&主一段&主二段&主三段&尾段，首段用于改写，主一段用于陈述第一个理由，主二段用于陈述第二个理由，主三段用于陈述第一个解决方案，尾段用于陈述第二个解决方案。例题：2011年1月15日，2013年4月13日，前者的例文：Nowadays it's becoming a general trend that a balanced number of male and female employees are recruited together, it's my firm belief that its merits prevail over its demerits. 

       作业：剑四P101, 剑五P127,