C语言——结构体与联合体
第一题：
要求你设计一个能够保存图书信息的结构。图书属性包括：书名（title）、作者（author）和单价信息（price），并按照下面要求完成对于各种图书的相关操作。
/*
struct books {
char title[100];
char author[20];
double price;
} doyle = { "My life as a budgie", "Mack Tom", 14.6 };
int main(void) {
struct books dicken = { "Thinking in C++", "Stephen Prata", 78 };
struct books panshin = { .title = "C++ Primer", .author = "Stanley Lippman",
.price = 92.5 };
printf("The title is :%s\nThe author is :%s\nThe price is :%lf\n",
doyle.title, doyle.author, doyle.price);
printf("\n");
printf("The title is :%s\nThe author is :%s\nThe price is :%lf\n",
dicken.title, dicken.author, dicken.price);
printf("\n");
printf("The title is :%s\nThe author is :%s\nThe price is :%lf\n",
panshin.title, panshin.author, panshin.price);
printf("\n");
printf("“Thinking in C++”这本书的价格调整后为：\n");
printf("\n");
printf("The title is :%s\nThe author is :%s\nThe price is :%lf\n",
dicken.title, dicken.author, dicken.price = 85);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
*/ 第二题：
为上面的关于图书的程序，添加三个函数：
/*(1)编写显示图书信息函数show()。参数为结构的指针。显示图书信息的结构如下：
The title is :My life as a budgie
The author is :Mack Tom
The price is :14.6
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Library {
const char title[20];
const char author[10];
double price;
} panshin;
void show(struct Library *doy) {
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",doy->title,
doy->author, doy->price);
}
int main(void) {
struct Library doyle = { "My life as a budgie", "Mack Tom", 14.6 };
show(&doyle);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}*/
/*(2)编写初始化结构变量函数init()，参数为结构的指针。函数功能是将结构变量中的成员进行初始化。
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Library {
const char title[20];
const char author[10];
double price;
} panshin;
void init(struct Library *doyle, struct Library *dicken, struct Library *panshin) {
doyle ->title;
dicken ->author;
panshin ->price;
}
int main(void) {
struct Library doyle = { "My life as a budgie", "Mack Tom", 14.6 };
struct Library dicken ={ "Thinking in C++", "Stephen Prata", 78 };
struct Library panshin = { "C++ Prinner", "Stanley Lippman", 92.5 };
init(&doyle,&dicken,&panshin);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
doyle->title, doyle->author, doyle->price);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
dicken->title, dicken->author, dicken->price);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
panshin->title, panshin->author, panshin->price);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
*/ /*(3)编写从键盘上接受图书信息的函数input()，参数为结构的指针。函数的功能是从键盘上接收相关图书信息，并将信息保存到指针所执行的图书结构变量里。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Library {
const char title[20];
const char author[10];
double price;
};
void input(struct Library *doyle,struct Library dicken,){
scanf("%s%s%lf", doyle->title, doyle->author,&doyle->price);
scanf("%s%s%lf",dicken->title, dicken->author, &dicken->price);
scanf("%s%s%lf", panshin->title, panshin->author, &panshin->price);
}
int main(void) {
struct Library doyle;
struct Library dicken;
struct Library panshin ;
input(&doyle,&dicken,&panshin);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
doyle->title, doyle->author, doyle->price);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
dicken->title, dicken->author, dicken->price);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
panshin->title, panshin->author, panshin->price);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}*/ /*(4)主程序按照下面流程完成功能实现：
a)定义三个图书对象doyle、dicken、panshin。
b)对结构对象进行初始化。
c)从键盘上接收图书信息，分别保存到三个图书对象中。
d)输出三个图书对象的图书信息。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Library {
const char title[20];
const char author[10];
double price;
}doyle,dicken,panshin;
int main(void) {
struct Library doyle;
struct Library dicken;
struct Library panshin ;
scanf("%s%s%lf", &doyle.title, &doyle.author, &doyle.price);
scanf("%s%s%lf",&dicken.title, &dicken.author, &dicken.price);
scanf("%s%s%lf", &panshin.title, &panshin.author, &panshin.price);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
doyle.title, doyle.author, doyle.price);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
dicken.title, dicken.author, dicken.price);
printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf",
panshin.title, panshin.author, panshin.price);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
*/ 第三题：
创建一个图书馆library（结构数组），里面一共包含了上面这三本书。
创建一个结构数组library，使用上面所设计的函数init()对每本书进行初始化。
使用上面所设计的函数input()从键盘上接收图书信息。
使用上面的函数show，将输入的图书信息显示出来。
print?
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Library {
const char title[20];
const char author[10];
double price;
} book[3];
void input(struct Library *(book+1),struct Library *(book+2),struct Library *(book+3)){
scanf("%s%s%lf", (book+1)->title, (book+1)->author,&(book+1)->price); scanf("%s%s%lf",(book+2)->title, (book+2)->author, &(book+2)->price); scanf("%s%s%lf",(book+3)->title, (book+3)->author, &(book+3)->price); } void init() { struct Library book[3]; } void show(struct Library *(book+1), struct Library *(book+2), struct Library *(book+3)) { printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf", (book+1)->title, (book+1)->author, (book+1)->price); printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf", (book+2)->title,(book+2)->author, (book+2)->price); printf("The title is: %s\n The author is : %s\n The price is : %.1lf", (book+3)->title, (book+3)->author, (book+3)->price); } int main(){ input(&(book+1),&(book+2),&(book+3)); init(); show(&(book+1),&(book+2),&(book+3)); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } 第四题：
设计一个表示汽车信息的结构。
print?
int main(){
struct car {
char name[20];
char sex[5];
char buyDate[20];
} owner = { "Jone", "M", "2008-01-01" };
struct company {
char name[20];
char tel[10];
} leaseCompany = { "hualong", "010-88064420" };
union data {
struct car owner;
struct company leaseCompany;
};
struct carData {
char make[20];
int status;
union data {
struct car owner;
struct company leaseCompany;
} ownerInfo;
} ;
struct carData flits = { .status = 0, .make = "volvo", .ownerInfo.ownerCar.sex =
'M', .ownerInfo.ownerCar.buyDate = '2008-11-21',
.ownerInfo.ownerCar.name = 'Rebort Carter' };
return 0;
} 第五题：
Wiliam Wingate从事比萨分析服务。对于每个比萨饼，他都需要记录下列信息：
1.比萨饼公司的名称。可以有多个单词组成。
2.比萨饼的直径。
3.比萨饼的重量。
请设计一个能够存储这些信息的结构,并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。
程序将请求用户输入上述信息，然后显示这些信息。
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/*int main(){
struct pisa{
char name[20];
int zhijing;
int zhongliang;
}a={"Wiliam Wingate",6,2};
printf("比萨饼公司的名称：%s\n比萨饼的直径:%d\n比萨饼的重量:%d n",a.name,a.zhijing,a.zhongliang);
return 0;
}*/ 第六题：
要求设计一个能够保存学生信息的结构。学生信息包括：姓名（Name）、年级（Grade）和成绩（score），并按照下面要求完成对于学生信息的操作。
print?
/*struct stu {
char Name[100];
char Grade[20];
int score;
} stu1 = { "姜楠", "二年级", 78};
int main(void) {
struct stu stu2 = { "何北", "二年级", 85 };
struct stu stu3 = { .Name = "董璐", .Grade = "二年级",
.score = 99 };
printf("The Name is :%s\nThe Grade is :%s\nThe Score is :%d\n",
stu1.Name, stu1.Grade, stu1.score);
printf("\n");
printf("The Name is :%s\nThe Grade is :%s\nThe Score is :%d\n",
stu2.Name, stu2.Grade, stu2.score);
printf("\n");
printf("The Name is :%s\nThe Grade is :%s\nThe Score is :%d\n",
stu3.Name, stu3.Grade, stu3.score);
printf("\n");
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}*/
第七题：
为上面关于学生信息的程序添加三个函数：
1.编写显示学生信息的函数showInfo（），参数为结构的指针。显示学生信息的结构如下：
The Name is:Donglu
The Grade is:Two
The Score is:99
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Student {
char Name[20];
int Grade[4];
int score;
};
void showInfo(struct Student *stu3) {
printf("The Name is：%s\n The Grade is:%d\n The Score is :%d", stu3->Name,
stu3->Grade,stu3->score);
}
int main() {
struct Student stu3 = { 'Donglu', 'Two', 99 };
showInfo(&stu3);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
*
*/
/*```
* 2.编写初始化结构变量的函数init（），参数为结构的指针。函数功能是将结构变量中的成员进行初始化。
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print?#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Student {
char Name[20];
int Grade[4];
int score;
};
void init(struct Student *stu1,struct Student *stu2,struct Student *stu3){
stu1->Name;
stu1->Grade;
stu1->score;
stu2->Name;
stu2->Grade;
stu2->score;
stu3->Name;
stu3->Grade;
stu3->score;
}
*/
/*3.编写从键盘上接收学生信息的函数input（），参数也是结构的指针。函数的功能是从键盘上接收相关学生信息，并把信息保存到指针所指向的结构变量里。
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print?#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Student {
char Name[20];
int Grade[4];
int score;
};
void input(struct Student *stu1,struct Student *stu2,struct Student *stu3){
scanf("%s%d%d",&stu1->Name,&stu1->Grade,&stu1->score);
scanf("%s%d%d",&stu2->Name,&stu2->Grade,&stu2->score);
scanf("%s%d%d",&stu3->Name,&stu3->Grade,&stu3->score);
}
*/
/*4.主函数按照下面流程完成功能实现：
a)定义三个学生对象stu1，stu2,stu3.
b)对结构对象进行初始化.
c)从键盘上接收学生信息，分别保存到三个学生对象中。
d)输出三个学生对象的信息。
`#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Student {
char Name[20];
int Grade[4];
int score;
};
void input(struct Student *stu1,struct Student *stu2,struct Student *stu3){
scanf("%s%d%d",&stu1->Name,&stu1->Grade,&stu1->score);
scanf("%s%d%d",&stu2->Name,&stu2->Grade,&stu2->score);
scanf("%s%d%d",&stu3->Name,&stu3->Grade,&stu3->score);
}
int main(){
struct Student stu1;
struct Student stu2;
struct Student stu3;
input(&stu1,&stu2,&stu3);
printf("The Name is：%s\n The Grade is:%d\n The Score is :%d", stu1->Name,stu1-
>Grade,stu1->score);
printf("The Name is：%s\n The Grade is:%d\n The Score is :%d", stu2->Name,stu2-
>Grade,stu2->score);
printf("The Name is：%s\n The Grade is:%d\n The Score is :%d", stu3->Name,stu3-
>Grade,stu3->score);
}`
第八题：
用一个数组存放图书信息，每本图书包含书名（booktitle）、作者（author）、出版年月（date）、出版社（publishunit）、借出数目（lendnum）、库存数目（stocknum）等信息。编写程序输入若干本图书的信息，按出版年月排序后输出。
`
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct Data {
int year;
int month;
int day;
};
truct library {
char booktitle[50];
char author[10];
struct Data data;
char publishunit[100];
int lendnum;
int stocknum;
};
nt main() {
int i, j, n, temp = 0;
struct library book[n];
printf("请输入要处理的图书数量：\n");
fflush(stdout);
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf("请输入第%d本书的信息：\n", i + 1);
printf("书名：");
fflush(stdout);
scanf("%s", &book[i].booktitle);
printf("作者：");
scanf("%s", &book[i].author);
printf("出版年月：");
scanf("%s", &book[i].data);
printf("出版社：");
scanf("%s", &book[i].publishunit);
printf("借出数：");
scanf("%s", &book[i].lendnum);
printf("库存数：");
scanf("%s", &book[i].stocknum);
}
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if (book[i].publishunit < book[j].publishunit) {
temp = book[i];
book[i] = book[j];
book[j] = temp;
}
}
printf("\n排序后的图书信息：");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
printf(
"\n书名： %s\n, 作者： %s\n, 出版年月： %s\n, 出版社： %s\n, 借出数： %s\n, 库存数：%s\n",
book[i].booktitle, book[i].author, book[i].data,
book[i].publishunit, book[i].lendnum, book
i].stocknum);
}
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
第九题：
编写程序，用union实现两个数的加、减、乘、除运算，每种运算用函数完成，并请考虑多个数的运算如何实现。
union yunsuan{
int a;
int b;
}f;
int add(int a,int b)
{
int sum =0;
f.a = a;
sum+= f.a;
f.b = b;
sum+=f.b;
printf("%d\n",sum);
return sum;
}
int jian(int a,int b){
int sum =0;
f.a = a;
sum-=f.a;
f.b =b;
sum-=f.b
printf("%d\n",sum);
return sum;
}
int cheng(int a,int b){
int sum =0;
f.a = a;
sum*=f.a;
f.b =b;
sum*=f.b
printf("%d\n",sum);
return sum;
}
int chu(int a,int b){
int sum =0;
f.a = a;
sum/=f.a;
f.b =b;
sum*/=f.b
printf("%d\n",sum);
return sum;
}