在android4.2中,Google更换了android的蓝牙协议栈,从Bluez换成Bluedroid,我也是初涉这个方面,顺便记录一下。
http://source.android.com/devices/bluetooth.html
android development对于4.3蓝牙的介绍:
android提供BlueDroid作为默认的协议栈,BlueDroid分为两个部分:
1、Bluetooth Embedded System(BTE),它实现了BT的核心功能。
2、Bluetooth Application Layer (BTA),用于和android framework层交互。
BT 系统服务通过JNI与BT stack交互,并且通过Binder IPC通信与应用交互。这个系统服务同时也提供给RD获取不同的BT profiles;下面的图标展示BT stack的一个大体的结构:
一、application Framework
这个层的代码主要是利用android.bluetooth APIS 和 bluetooth hardware进行交互。 也就是通过Binder IPC机制调用bluetooth 进程;
代码位于framework/base/core/java/android.bluetooth/下。
比如A2DP的连接:framework/base/core/java/android.bluetooth/BluetoothA2dp.java中的connect(Bluetoothevice)方法。
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public boolean connect(BluetoothDevice device) { if (DBG) log("connect(" + device + ")"); if (mService != null && isEnabled() && isValidDevice(device)) { try { return mService.connect(device); } catch (RemoteException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Stack:" + Log.getStackTraceString(new Throwable())); return false; } } if (mService == null) Log.w(TAG, "Proxy not attached to service"); return false; } |
通过Binder IPC 通信机制,调用到packages/apps/Bluetooth/src/com.android.bluetooth.a2dp/A2dpService.java下一个内部私有类
A2dpService是一个继承于ProfileService,而ProfileService是继承于Service的。
private static class BluetoothA2dpBinder extends IBluetoothA2dp.Stub{}的connect(BluetoothDevice)方法。
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public boolean connect(BluetoothDevice device) { A2dpService service = getService(); if (service == null) return false; return service.connect(device); } |
然后调用到A2dpService的connect(BluetoothDevice)方法。
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public boolean connect(BluetoothDevice device) { enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(BLUETOOTH_ADMIN_PERM, "Need BLUETOOTH ADMIN permission"); if (getPriority(device) == BluetoothProfile.PRIORITY_OFF) { return false; } int connectionState = mStateMachine.getConnectionState(device); if (connectionState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED || connectionState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTING) { return false; } mStateMachine.sendMessage(A2dpStateMachine.CONNECT, device); return true; } |
这个过程就是Bluetooth Application Framework与Bluetooth Process的调用过程。
二、Bluetooth System service
Bluetooth System service位于packages/apps/Bluetooth下,它打包成一个android app包,并且在android framework 层实现BT service
和各种profile。BT app会通过JNI调用到HAL层。
A2dpService的connect方法会发送一个StateMachine.sendMessage(A2dpStateMachine.CONNECT, device)的message,这个message会被A2dpStateMachine对象的processMessage(Message)方法接收到:
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case CONNECT: BluetoothDevice device = (BluetoothDevice) message.obj; broadcastConnectionState(device, BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTING, BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED); if (!connectA2dpNative(getByteAddress(device)) ) { broadcastConnectionState(device, BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED, BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTING); break; } synchronized (A2dpStateMachine.this) { mTargetDevice = device; transitionTo(mPending); } // TODO(BT) remove CONNECT_TIMEOUT when the stack // sends back events consistently sendMessageDelayed(CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 30000); break; |
最重要的一句:connectA2dpNative(getByteAddress(device);
即会通过JNI调用到Native;
private native boolean connectA2dpNative(byte[] address);
三、JNI
与android.bluetooth有关的JNI代码位于packages/apps/bluetooth/jni下,JNI 的代码会调用到HAL层,并且在确信一些BT操作被触发时,会从HAL
获取一些回调。比如当BT设备被发现时。
再回到A2dp连接的例子中来,BT System Service通过JNI会调用到com_android_bluetooth_a2dp.cpp中:
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static jboolean connectA2dpNative(JNIEnv *env, jobject object, jbyteArray address) { jbyte *addr; bt_bdaddr_t * btAddr; bt_status_t status; ALOGI("%s: sBluetoothA2dpInterface: %p", __FUNCTION__, sBluetoothA2dpInterface); if (!sBluetoothA2dpInterface) return JNI_FALSE; addr = env->GetByteArrayElements(address, NULL); btAddr = (bt_bdaddr_t *) addr; if (!addr) { jniThrowIOException(env, EINVAL); return JNI_FALSE; } if ((status = sBluetoothA2dpInterface->connect((bt_bdaddr_t *)addr)) != BT_STATUS_SUCCESS) { ALOGE("Failed HF connection, status: %d", status); } env->ReleaseByteArrayElements(address, addr, 0); return (status == BT_STATUS_SUCCESS) ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE; } |
重点代码是:status = sBluetoothA2dpInterface->connect((bt_bdaddr_t *)addr);
这个sBluetoothA2dpInterface结构体对象是在initNative(JNIEnv *env, jobject object)方法时得到的。
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if ( (sBluetoothA2dpInterface = (btav_interface_t *) btInf->get_profile_interface(BT_PROFILE_ADVANCED_AUDIO_ID)) == NULL) { ALOGE("Failed to get Bluetooth A2DP Interface"); return; } |
四、HAL
硬件抽象层定义android.bluetooth APIs和BT process调用的标准接口,并且你必须实现这些接口来让你的BT hardware功能运行正常。BT HAL的
的头文件位于hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/bluetooth.h和hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/bt_*.h 文件中。
JNI中sBluetoothA2dpInterface是一个btav_interface_t结构体,位于hardware/libhardware/include/hardware/bt_av.h中,定义为:
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typedef struct { size_t size; bt_status_t (*init)( btav_callbacks_t* callbacks ); bt_status_t (*connect)( bt_bdaddr_t *bd_addr ); bt_status_t (*disconnect)( bt_bdaddr_t *bd_addr ); void (*cleanup)( void ); } btav_interface_t; |
五、BT stack
作为默认的BT stack,(4.2之前是bluez作为协议栈的)
代码位于external/bluetooth/bluedroid下,这个stack实现了通用的BT HAL并且也可以通过扩展和改变配置来自定义。
A2dp的连接会调用到external/bluetooth/bluedroid/btif/src/btif_av.c的connect方法。
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static bt_status_t connect(bt_bdaddr_t *bd_addr) { BTIF_TRACE_EVENT1("%s", __FUNCTION__); CHECK_BTAV_INIT(); return btif_queue_connect(UUID_SERVCLASS_AUDIO_SOURCE, bd_addr, connect_int); } |
六、Vendor extension
为了追踪添加自定义拓展和一个HCI层,你可以创建一个libbt-vendor模块并且指定这些组件。