哈弗曼编码的设计与实现
#include <stdio.h> #define MAXVALUE 10000 #define MAXLEAF 30 #define MAXNODE 59 #define MAXBIT 10 //哈夫曼树结构 typedef struct { int data; //结点值 int Weight; //权重 int Flag; //标识是否待构节点,是的话用0表示,否则用1表示 int Parent; //父结点 int LChild; //左结点 int RChild; //右结点 }hnodetype; typedef struct { int Bit[MAXBIT]; int Start; }hcodetype; /****--------------------------------------------*****/ //函数名: InitHaffman(hnodetype HuffNode[], hcodetypde HuffNode[], int n) //参数: (传入) hnodetype HuffNode[] 哈夫曼树结点 // (传入) hcodetype HuffCode[] 哈夫曼编码树结点 // (传入) int n 结点数量 //功能: 哈夫曼结点初始化 /****--------------------------------------------*****/ void InitHaffman(hnodetype HuffNode[], hcodetype HuffCode[], int n) { int i; //把生成的结点初始化,把指向父亲的指针,左孩子,右孩子的指针都先置空 for(i = 0; i < 2*n-1; i++) { HuffNode[i].Weight = 0; HuffNode[i].Parent = 0; HuffNode[i].Flag = 0; HuffNode[i].LChild = -1; HuffNode[i].RChild = -1; } for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { getchar(); printf("输入第%d个叶结点值:", i+1); scanf("%c", &HuffNode[i].data); printf("输入对应结点权值:"); scanf("%d", &HuffNode[i].Weight); } } /****--------------------------------------------*****/ //函数名: OutputHaffman(hnodetype HuffNode[], hcodetype HuffNode[], int n) //参数名: (传入)hnodetype HuffNode[] 哈夫曼树结点 // (传入)hcodetype HuffNode[] 哈夫曼树编码树结点 // (传入)int n 结点数量 //功能: 输出哈夫曼编码 /****--------------------------------------------*****/ void OutputHaffman(hnodetype HuffNode[], hcodetype HuffCode[], int n) { int i, j; printf("%d个叶结点对应编码为:\n", n); for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("%c- - - -",HuffNode[i].data); for(j = HuffCode[i].Start+1; j < n; j++) { printf("%d", HuffCode[i].Bit[j]); } printf("\n"); } } /****-------------------------------------------*****/ //函数名: Haffman(hnodetype HuffNode[], hcodetypeCode[], int n) //参数: (传入)hnodetype HuffNode[] 哈夫曼树结点 // (传入)hcodetype HuffCode[] 哈夫曼树编码树结点 // (传入)int n 结点数量 //功能: 构造哈夫曼树,根据树生成哈夫曼编码 /****-------------------------------------------*****/ void Haffman(hnodetype HuffNode[], hcodetype HuffCode[], int n) { int i, j, m1, m2, x1, x2, c, p; hcodetype cd; for(i = 0; i < n-1; i++) { //构造哈夫曼树 //根据哈夫曼树的构造过程,始终选择最小权值的两个结点构成一个二叉树 m1 = m2 = MAXVALUE; //x1 和 x2位最小权重的两个结点位置 x1 = x2 = 0; //循环从flag为0的节点中找到一个,供下面取最小值 for(j = 0; j < n+i; j++) { if(HuffNode[j].Weight < m1 && HuffNode[j].Flag == 0) { m2 = m1; x2 = x1; m1 = HuffNode[j].Weight; x1 = j; //记下x2的地址 } else if(HuffNode[j].Weight < m2 && HuffNode[j].Flag == 0) { m2 = HuffNode[j].Weight; x2 = j; } }//for //把找到的两个节点按照哈夫曼树的规则构建成一个二叉树,x1为左孩子,x2为右孩子 HuffNode[x1].Parent = n+i; HuffNode[x2].Parent = n+i; HuffNode[x1].Flag = 1; //将x1的下标置1 HuffNode[x2].Flag = 1; //将x2的下标置1 HuffNode[n+i].Weight = HuffNode[x1].Weight + HuffNode[x2].Weight; HuffNode[n+i].LChild = x1; HuffNode[n+i].RChild = x2; }//for for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {//根据哈夫曼树生成哈夫曼编码 cd.Start = n-1; c = i; p = HuffNode[c].Parent; while(p != 0) {//当父结点不为根结点的时候,逆序往上找 //如果当前是左孩子,则编码为0 if(HuffNode[p].LChild == c) cd.Bit[cd.Start] = 0; //当前左孩子的编码为1 else cd.Bit[cd.Start] = 1; cd.Start--; c = p; p = HuffNode[c].Parent; } for(j = cd.Start+1; j < n; j++) { HuffCode[i].Bit[j] = cd.Bit[j]; HuffCode[i].Start = cd.Start; } }//for }//end of Haffman int main() { hnodetype HuffNode[MAXNODE]; hcodetype HuffCode[MAXLEAF]; int n; printf("输入叶结点个数n:\n"); scanf("%d", &n); InitHaffman(HuffNode, HuffCode, n); Haffman(HuffNode, HuffCode, n); OutputHaffman(HuffNode, HuffCode, n); return 0; }
运行结果:
输入叶结点个数n:
6
输入第1个叶结点值:a
输入对应结点权值:3
输入第2个叶结点值:b
输入对应结点权值:9
输入第3个叶结点值:c
输入对应结点权值:12
输入第4个叶结点值:d
输入对应结点权值:3
输入第5个叶结点值:e
输入对应结点权值:2
输入第6个叶结点值:f
输入对应结点权值:71
6个叶结点对应编码为:
a---------------01011
b---------------011
c---------------00
d---------------0100
e---------------01010
f----------------1