游戏UI设计

1.1 Surfaces之封装CXSurface

[http://blog.csdn.net/mythma]

1 、 Surfaces 是什么：

       通俗的讲surfaces就是一个二维的矩形平面。在DX9中，与其对应的com接口为IDirect3DSurface9，LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9。

2 、 Surfaces 的作用：

       作为一个矩形平面，surfaces用来在屏幕上显示平面图象，即从文件中读取图象数据呈现给用户。

3 、 IDirect3DSurface9 的使用一般过程：

声明：                LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9

创建：                CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(…)

获取图象信息： D3DXGetImageInfoFromFile(…)

装载到surfaces中： D3DXLoadSurfaceFromFile(…)

获取back buffer地址： GetBackBuffer(…)

显示：                UpdateSurface(…)

释放内存                          Release()

 

       代码段如下：

       LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 g_Surface =NULL;

         D3DXIMAGE_INFO Info;

D3DXGetImageInfoFromFile ("D:/image.jpg", &Info);

g_pd3dDevice -> CreateOffscreenPlainSurface (Info.Width, Info.Height,

Info.Format, &g_Surface, NULL);

D3DXLoadSurfaceFromFile (g_Surface, NULL, NULL, "D:/image.jpg", NULL,

D3DX_FILTER_NONE, 0xFF000000, NULL);

         //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 BackBuffer = NULL;

g_pd3dDevice- > GetBackBuffer (0,0,D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &BackBuffer);

g_pd3dDevice -> UpdateSurface (g_Surface, NULL, BackBuffer, NULL);

if(BackBuffer != NULL)

BackBuffer-> Release ();

         //---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

if(g_Surface!= NULL)

g_Surface -> Release ();

 

由上述过程可以看到， IDirect3DSurface9的使用虽然不十分复杂，但有点不方便        ——创建和释放总要成对出现，使用过程中还穿插着LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9接口。这些若用一个类封装起来，使用就要方便的多。

4 、如何封装：

       按照 surfaces的功能，创建它就用来显示图象。因此要有读取图象的接口和显示图象的接口。又要与LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9设备接口关联，因此需要一个设置设备的接口。如下所示：

1 、 声明及释放

声明：            LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9

释放内存                 Release ()

2 、关联图像： LoadFromFile

获取图象信息：     D3DXGetImageInfoFromFile (…)

创建：            CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(…)

装载到 surfaces 中： D3DXLoadSurfaceFromFile(…)

3 、显示 图象 Render

获取缓存地址：     GetBackBuffer(…)

显示：            UpdateSurface(…)

       4 、关联设备接口        SetDevice

 

所以CXSurface的定义如下：

class CXSurface

{

protected:

LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 m_Surface ;

LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 m_BackBuffer ;              //Back buffer

LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 m_pDevice ;           //Direct3D 的设备指针

public:

CXSurface (LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice);

~CXSurface ();

HRESULT LoadFromFile(LPCSTR Path);

void Render(void);

};

 

 

1.2 Textures & Sprite 之 封装 CXTexture & CX Sprite

[http://blog.csdn.net/mythma]

1、  何为 Textures

Textures是在屏幕上显示的平面图形，它能够提供比 surface 更多的图形处理效果——移动、缩放、旋转及作为纹理 皮肤粘贴在 3D 模型上。在 Direct3D中，其封装的接口为 IDirect3DTexture9 。

 

2、  何为 Sprite

IDirect3DTexture9 能从文件中读取纹理数据，但由于Textures不能直接复制到 back buffer ，因此在屏幕上绘制Textures之前，需要另一个接口—— ID3DXSprite （精灵）。 ID3DXSprite 能够把若干个Textures 复制给 back buffer ，因此需要 ID3DXSprite 的一个实例就可以绘制所有的纹理 。

 

所以， IDirect3DTexture9 用来存放程序所需的纹理，但它本身又不能绘制纹理，需要借助接口 ID3DXSprite 。

 

3、  IDirect3DTexture9 和 ID3DXSprite 的 使用过程

定义：              ~

创建：                    D3DXCreateTextureFromFile

D3DXCreateSprite

   创建变换矩阵：        D3DXMatrixTransformation2D

   变换：                   SetTransform

   绘制图象：               Draw

   释放内存：         ~

 

代码如下：

D3DXCreateTextureFromFile (g_pd3dDevice, "c://image.bmp”, &g_Texture);

D3DXCreateSprite (g_pd3dDevice, &g_Sprite);

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------

            D3DXVECTOR2 Translation;

            Translation.x = 500;

            Translation.y = 500;

            D3DXVECTOR2 Scaling;

            Scaling.x = 1.0;f

            Scaling.y = 1.0f;

            D3DXMATRIX Mat;

            D3DXMatrixTransformation2D (&Mat, NULL, 0, &Scaling, NULL, 0, &

            Translation);

            g_Sprite-> Begin (0);

            g_Sprite-> SetTransform (&

            g_Sprite-> Draw (g_Texture,

            g_Sprite-> End ();

 

4、  如何封装

从以上的基本过程可以看到，CXTexture需要完成的功能：提供与LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9的接口，与纹理文件文件关联，对纹理进行处理（缩放、旋转……）。

class CXTexture

{

protected:

            LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_Texture;

            LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 m_pDevice;

            D3DXVECTOR2 m_RotationCenter;

            D3DXVECTOR2 m_Translation;

            D3DXVECTOR2 m_Scaling;

            FLOAT m_Rotation;

            RECT m_SrcRect;

public:

            CXTexture(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice);

            ~CXTexture();

            LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 GetTexture() const {return m_Texture;}

            void SetTexture(LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 Texture) const {m_Texture = Texture;}

            LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 GetDevice() const {return m_pDevice;}

            void SetDevice(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice) const {m_pDevice = pDevice;}

            D3DXVECTOR2 GetRotationCenter() const {return m_RotationCenter;}

            void SetRotationCenter(D3DXVECTOR2 RotationCenter) {m_RotationCenter =

RotationCenter;}

            D3DXVECTOR2 GetTranslation() const {return m_Translation;}

            void SetTranslation (D3DXVECTOR2 Translation) const {m_Translation =

Translation;}

            D3DXVECTOR2 GetScaling() const {return m_Scaling;}

            void SetScaling(D3DXVECTOR2 Scaling) const {m_Scaling = Scaling;}

            FLOAT GetRotation() const {return m_Rotation;}

            void SetRotation (FLOAT Rotation) const {m_Rotation = Rotation;}

            RECT GetRect() const {return m_SrcRect;}

            void SetRect(RECT SrcRect) const {m_SrcRect = SrcRect;}

            HRESULT LoadFromFile(char* Path);

};

 

CXSprite的主要功能就是在屏幕上显示 CXTexture，因此需要有与 LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 接口和 CXTexture连接的函数。

class CX Sprite

{

protected:

            LPD3DXSPRITE m_Sprite;

            LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 m_pDevice;

public:

            CX Sprite (LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice);

            ~CX Sprite ();

            LPD3DXSPRITE GetSprite() const {return m_Sprite;}

            void SetSprite(LPD3DXSPRITE Sprite) const {m_Sprite = Sprite;}

            LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 GetDevice() const {return m_pDevice;}

            void SetDevice(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice) const {m_pDevice = pDevice;}

            HRESULT DrawTexture(CXTexture* Texture);

};

 

 

 

1.3 Keyboard & Mouse 之封装 CXKeyboard & CXMouse

[ http://blog.csdn.net/mythma]

 

1、  何为 Keyboard & Mouse

“地球人都知道”。DX9提供的接口 IDirectInputDevice8 。

 

2、  二者的功能

Keyboard：读取键盘的按键信息

Mouse：读取鼠标的按键、位置信息，设置光标属性(如用图片表示光标)。

 

3、  使用过程

创建 IDirectInput8 对象                     DirectInput8Create

创建 IDirectInput8 设备（键盘、鼠标等）CreateDevice

设置设备属性                                    SetCooperativeLevel

SetDataFormat

获取设备使用权                    Acquire

读取设备传入的数据                            GetDeviceState

释放设备及 IDirectInput8                    Release

 

设置鼠标光标过程 ：

        创建光标图片资源：                      参照surfaces

        设置光标为指定的图片              SetCursorProperties

        设置光标的初始位置                 SetCursorPosition

        显示光标                        ShowCursor

程序段如下 ：

LPDIRECTINPUT8 g_lpDI;

LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 g_Keyboard;

LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 g_Mouse

//========================================================

HRESULT Result = DirectInput8Create(g_hInst, DIRECTINPUT_VERSION,

IID_IDirectInput8, (void**)&g_lpDI, NULL);

if(SUCCEEDED(Result))

{

            // 创建键盘设备

            Result = g_lpDI->CreateDevice(GUID_SysKeyboard, &g_lpDIDevice, NULL);

            if(SUCCEEDED(Result))

            {

                        g_lpDIDevice->SetCooperativeLevel(g_hWnd, DISCL_FOREGROUND |

DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE);

                        g_lpDIDevice->SetDataFormat(&c_dfDIKeyboard);             }

}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// 获取按键信息

if(SUCCEEDED( g_Keyboard->Acquire() )) //Acquire the device

{

char KeyState[256];

g_Keyboard->GetDeviceState(sizeof(KeyState),(LPVOID)&KeyState);

// 根据 KeyState 返回的数据就可以判断按下何键

}

//====================================================

// 创建鼠标

g_lpDI->CreateDevice( GUID_SysMouse , &g_Mouse , NULL);

g_Mouse ->SetDataFormat( &c_dfDIMouse );

g_Mouse ->SetCooperativeLevel(g_hWnd, DISCL_EXCLUSIVE | DISCL_FOREGROUND);

//------------------------------------------------------------------------

// 设置鼠标光标

// 获取光标图片

D3DXIMAGE_INFO ImageInfo;

D3DXGetImageInfoFromFile("C://Cursor.jpg”, &ImageInfo);

g_pd3dDevice->CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(ImageInfo.Width,

ImageInfo.Height,

ImageInfo.Format,

D3DPOOL_DEFAULT,

&g_MouseCursor,

NULL);

D3DXLoadSurfaceFromFile(g_MouseCursor, NULL, NULL, ("C://Cursor.jpg”,

NULL, D3DX_FILTER_NONE, 0xFF000000, NULL);

// 设置成指定的光标

g_pd3dDevice->SetCursorProperties(0,0, g_MouseCursor);

// 初试位置

g_pd3dDevice->SetCursorPosition(0,0,D3DCURSOR_IMMEDIATE_UPDATE);

// 显示光标

g_pd3dDevice->ShowCursor(true);

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

// 获取鼠标信息

if(SUCCEEDED( g_Mouse->Acquire() ))

{

DIMOUSESTATE State;

g_Mouse->GetDeviceState(sizeof(DIMOUSESTATE),(LPVOID)&State);

// 信息保存在 State 中。

}

//==============================================

// 释放设备

if(g_lpDI != NULL)

g_lpDI->Release();

 

4、  封装
CXKeyboard 的封装

class CXKeyboard

{

private:

            LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 m_pDevice;

            char m_KeyState[256];

public:

            CXKeyboard (LPDIRECTINPUT8 pInput, HWND hWnd);

            ~ CXKeyboard();

            bool IsKeyPressed(int Key);

            HRESULT Update();

};

CXMouse Surface 的封装

为了能制作出动画效果的光标，因此需要一个surfaces列表，因此从CXSurface继承一个CXMouseSurface类，使之能够操作多个图片。

class CXMouseSurface : public CXSurface

{

private:

            CXMouseSurface* m_pNext;

            int MouseSurfaceType;

            UINT HotSpotX;

            UINT HotSpotY;

public:

            CXMouseSurface* GetNext() {return m_pNext;}

            void SetNext(CXMouseSurface* Surf) {m_pNext = Surf;}

            int GetSurfaceType() {return MouseSurfaceType;}

            void SetSurfaceType(int Type) {MouseSurfaceType = Type;}

            UINT GetHotSpotX() {return HotSpotX;}

            UINT GetHotSpotY() {return HotSpotY;}

            void SetHotSpotX (UINT X) {HotSpotX = X;}

            void SetHotSpotY (UINT Y) {HotSpotY = Y;}

            CXMouseSurface(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice) : CXSurface(pDevice)

            {m_pNext = NULL;}

            CXMouseSurface() : CXSurface() {m_pNext = NULL;}

}；

CXMouse 的封装

class CXMouse

{

private:

            CXMouseSurface* m_Surface; // 指向光标列表

            CXMouseSurface* m_CurrentCursorSurface; // 当前光标

            LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8 m_pDevice;

            LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 m_p3DDevice;

            DIMOUSESTATE m_State;

            LONG m_iX;

            LONG m_iY;

public:

            CXMouse (LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice, LPDIRECTINPUT8 pInput, HWND hWnd,

bool Exclusive);

            ~ CXMouse();

            HRESULT Update();

            LONG GetXPos();

            LONG GetYPos();

            bool IsButtonPressed(int Button);

            HRESULT SetCursorImage();

            HRESULT SetMouseCursor(char* FilePath, UINT HotSpotX, UINT HotSpotY,

int Type);

            void AddCursorSurface(CXMouseSurface* Surface);

            CXMouseSurface* GetFirstSurface() {return m_Surface;}

            bool SetCursor(int Type);

            CXMouseSurface* GetCurrentCursor() {return m_CurrentCursorSurface;}

            void SetCurrentCursor(CXMouseSurface* Surface)

{m_CurrentCursorSurface = Surface;}

            void SetCursorPosition(int X, int Y);

            HRESULT SetCursorVisible(bool Show);

};