Net 异步处理温习

这几天,看WF本质论,里面提到了.net的异步处理。由于里面使用的是代码片段,所以有点看不懂。于是下定决心,温习一下.net中的异步处理。

使用C#在.net开发已经有5年了,最初使用.net中的异步处理大约是在4年前。当时,只是为了实现要求的功能,没有详细研究。这也难怪看WF时会头晕(基础不牢的后果呀)。

首先,我们分析一下异步处理的环境

  1. 需要在当前线程中获取返回值
  2. 不需要在当前线程中获取返回值,但是仍然需要对返回值做处理

对于第1中情况,还可以继续细分

  1. 在当前线程中启动线程T,然后继续执行当前线程中的其它任务,最后在当前线程中获取T的返回值
  2. 在当前线程中启动线程T,然后继续执行当前线程中的其它任务R1,等待T执行完成,当T执行完成后,继续执行当前线程中的其它任务R2,最后获取T的返回值
  3. 在当前线程中启动线程T,只要T在执行就执行任务R,最后获取T的返回值

下面,我将一一给出例子:

1.1 在当前线程中启动线程T,然后继续执行当前线程中的其它任务,最后在当前线程中获取T的返回值

view source
print ?
01 using System;
02 using System.Collections.Generic;
03 using System.Linq;
04 using System.Windows.Forms;
05 using System.Threading;
06 using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;
07 namespace FirstWF
08 {
09     static class Program
10     {
11         /// <summary>
12         /// The main entry point for the application.
13         /// </summary>
14         [STAThread]
15         static void Main()
16         {
17             AsyncFuncDelegate caller = new AsyncFuncDelegate(Func);
18             Console.WriteLine("Input number please...");
19             IAsyncResult result = caller.BeginInvoke(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()), null, null);
20             Console.WriteLine("Implement other tasks");
21             Thread.Sleep(7000);
22             Console.WriteLine("Implement other tasks end ...");
23             Console.WriteLine("Get user's input");
24             Console.WriteLine(caller.EndInvoke(result));
25             Console.ReadLine();
26         }
27         delegate string AsyncFuncDelegate(int userInput);
28         static string Func(int userInput)
29         {
30             Console.WriteLine("Func start to run");
31             Console.WriteLine("...");
32             Thread.Sleep(5000);
33             Console.WriteLine("Func end to run");
34             return userInput.ToString();
35         }
36     }
37 }

输出结果如下:

Implement other tasks

Func start to run

...

Func end to run

Implement other tasks end ...

Get user's input

56

1.2 在当前线程中启动线程T,然后继续执行当前线程中的其它任务R1,等待T执行完成,当T执行完成后,继续执行当前线程中的其它任务R2,最后获取T的返回值

view source
print ?
01 static void Main()
02         {
03             AsyncFuncDelegate caller = new AsyncFuncDelegate(Func);
04             Console.WriteLine("Input number please...");
05             IAsyncResult result = caller.BeginInvoke(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()), null, null);
06             Console.WriteLine("Implement task 1");
07             result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne();
08             result.AsyncWaitHandle.Close();
09             Console.WriteLine("Implment task 2");
10             Console.WriteLine("Get user's input");
11             Console.WriteLine(caller.EndInvoke(result));
12             Console.ReadLine();
13         }

输出结果如下:

Input number please...

25

Implement task 1

Func start to run

...

Func end to run

Implment task 2

Get user's input

25

 

1.3 在当前线程中启动线程T,只要T在执行就执行任务R,最后获取T的返回值

view source
print ?
01 [STAThread]
02         static void Main()
03         {
04             AsyncFuncDelegate caller = new AsyncFuncDelegate(Func);
05             Console.WriteLine("Input number please...");
06             IAsyncResult result = caller.BeginInvoke(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()), null, null);
07             while (!result.IsCompleted)
08             {
09                 Thread.Sleep(1000);
10                 Console.Write(">");
11             }
12             Console.WriteLine("");
13             Console.WriteLine("Implement other task2");
14             Console.WriteLine("Get user's input");
15             Console.WriteLine(caller.EndInvoke(result));
16             Console.ReadLine();
17         }

输出结果如下:

Func start to run

...

>>>>>Func end to run

>

Implement other task2

Get user's input

23

 

2 不需要在当前线程中获取返回值,但是仍然需要对返回值做处理

 

view source
print ?
01 using System;
02 using System.Collections.Generic;
03 using System.Linq;
04 using System.Windows.Forms;
05 using System.Threading;
06 using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging;
07 namespace FirstWF
08 {
09     static class Program
10     {
11         /// <summary>
12         /// The main entry point for the application.
13         /// </summary>
14         [STAThread]
15         static void Main()
16         {
17             AsyncFuncDelegate caller = new AsyncFuncDelegate(Func);
18             Console.WriteLine("Input number please...");
19             caller.BeginInvoke(Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()), new AsyncCallback(CallBackFunc), "Message from Main thread.");
20             Console.WriteLine("Main thread ends");
21             Console.ReadLine();
22         }
23         delegate string AsyncFuncDelegate(int userInput);
24         static string Func(int userInput)
25         {
26             Console.WriteLine("Func start to run");
27             Console.WriteLine("...");
28             Thread.Sleep(5000);
29             Console.WriteLine("Func end to run");
30             return userInput.ToString();
31         }
32         static void CallBackFunc(IAsyncResult ar)
33         {
34             AsyncResult result = ar as AsyncResult;
35             string inputMessage = result.AsyncState as string;
36             AsyncFuncDelegate caller = result.AsyncDelegate as AsyncFuncDelegate;
37             Console.WriteLine("call back starts");
38             Console.WriteLine(inputMessage);
39             Console.WriteLine("The input number is : " + caller.EndInvoke(ar));
40             Console.WriteLine("call back ends");
41         }
42     }
43 }

 

输出结果如下:

Input number please...

23

Main thread ends

Func start to run

...

Func end to run

call back starts

Message from Main thread.

The input number is : 23

call back ends

 

记得以前的代码,写的都不是很好。虽然call.BeginInvoke可以开始异步调用,但几乎就没有使用过EndInvoke。EndInvoke可以保证异步调用被正常结束,使代码更加健康。

异步调用,可以使代码具有更高的执行效率,但是在异步调用时,应该有一个健康的使用习惯。

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