服务器端实现原理
Session在服务器端具体是怎么实现的呢?我们使用session的时候一般都是这么使用的:
request.getSession()或者request.getSession(true)。
这个时候,服务器就检查是不是已经存在对应的Session对象,见HttpRequestBase类doGetSession(boolean create)方法:
if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) session = null; if (session != null) return (session.getSession()); // Return the requested session if it exists and is valid Manager manager = null; if (context != null) manager = context.getManager(); if (manager == null) return (null); // Sessions are not supported if (requestedSessionId != null) { try { session = manager.findSession(requestedSessionId); } catch (IOException e) { session = null; } if ((session != null) && !session.isValid()) session = null; if (session != null) { return (session.getSession()); } }
requestSessionId从哪里来呢?这个肯定是通过Session实现机制的cookie或URL重写来设置的。见HttpProcessor类中的parseHeaders(SocketInputStream input):
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) { if (cookies[i].getName().equals(Globals.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME)) { // Override anything requested in the URL if (!request.isRequestedSessionIdFromCookie()) { // Accept only the first session id cookie request.setRequestedSessionId(cookies[i].getValue()); request.setRequestedSessionCookie(true); request.setRequestedSessionURL(false); } } }
或者HttpOrocessor类中的parseRequest(SocketInputStream input, OutputStream output)
// Parse any requested session ID out of the request URI int semicolon = uri.indexOf(match); // match 是";jsessionid="字符串 if (semicolon >= 0) { String rest = uri.substring(semicolon + match.length()); int semicolon2 = rest.indexOf(';'); if (semicolon2 >= 0) { request.setRequestedSessionId(rest.substring(0, semicolon2)); rest = rest.substring(semicolon2); } else { request.setRequestedSessionId(rest); rest = ""; } request.setRequestedSessionURL(true); uri = uri.substring(0, semicolon) + rest; if (debug >= 1) log(" Requested URL session id is " + ((HttpServletRequest) request.getRequest()).getRequestedSessionId()); } else { request.setRequestedSessionId(null); request.setRequestedSessionURL(false); }
里面的manager.findSession(requestSessionId)用于查找此会话ID对应的session对象。Tomcat实现
是通过一个HashMap实现,见ManagerBase.java的findSession(String id):
if (id == null) return (null); synchronized (sessions) { Session session = (Session) sessions.get(id); return (session); }
Session本身也是实现为一个HashMap,因为Session设计为存放key-value键值对,Tomcat里面Session实现类是StandardSession,里面一个attributes属性:
/** * The collection of user data attributes associated with this Session. */ private HashMap attributes = new HashMap();
所 有会话信息的存取都是通过这个属性来实现的。Session会话信息不会一直在服务器端保存,超过一定的时间期限就会被删除,这个时间期限可以在 web.xml中进行设置,不设置的话会有一个默认值,在tomcat目录下conf/web.xml中找到 <session-config> 元素,Tomcat的默认值是60分钟。那么服务器端是怎么判断会话过期的呢?原理服务器会启动一个线程,一 直查询所有的Session对象,检查不活动的时间是否超过设定值,如果超过就将其删除。见StandardManager类,它实现了Runnable 接口,里面的run方法如下:
/** * The background thread that checks for session timeouts and shutdown. */ public void run() { // Loop until the termination semaphore is set while (!threadDone) { threadSleep(); proces***pires(); } } /** * Invalidate all sessions that have expired. */ private void proces***pires() { long timeNow = System.currentTimeMillis(); Session sessions[] = findSessions(); for (int i = 0; i < sessions.length; i++) { StandardSession session = (StandardSession) sessions[i]; if (!session.isValid()) continue; int maxInactiveInterval = session.getMaxInactiveInterval(); if (maxInactiveInterval < 0) continue; int timeIdle = // Truncate, do not round up (int) ((timeNow - session.getLastUsedTime()) / 1000L); if (timeIdle >= maxInactiveInterval) { try { expiredSessions++; session.expire(); } catch (Throwable t) { log(sm.getString("standardManager.expireException"), t); } } } }
Session 信息在create,expire等事情的时候都会触发相应的Listener事件,从而可以对session信息进行监控,这些Listener只需要 继承HttpSessionListener,并配置在web.xml文件中。如下是一个监控在线会话数的Listerner:
public class MySessionListener implements HttpSessionListener { public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent event) { HttpSession session = event.getSession(); ServletContext application = session.getServletContext(); // 在application范围由一个HashSet集保存所有的session HashSet sessions = (HashSet) application.getAttribute("sessions"); if (sessions == null) { sessions = new HashSet(); application.setAttribute("sessions", sessions); } // 新创建的session均添加到HashSet集中 sessions.add(session); // 可以在别处从application范围中取出sessions集合 // 然后使用sessions.size()获取当前活动的session数,即为“在线人数” } public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent event) { HttpSession session = event.getSession(); ServletContext application = session.getServletContext(); HashSet sessions = (HashSet) application.getAttribute("sessions"); // 销毁的session均从HashSet集中移除 sessions.remove(session); } }