BZOJ2243——[SDOI2011]染色

1、题目大意：给个树，然后树上每个点都有颜色，然后会有路径的修改，有个询问，询问一条路径上的颜色分成了几段
2、分析：首先这个修改是树剖可以做的，对吧，但是这个分成了几段怎么搞呢，我们的树剖的不是要建线段树吗
我们的线段树存这样的几个值，一个是这个区间被分成了几段，另外就是这个区间的最左边的颜色和最右边的颜色
这样，我们在区间合并的时候把两个区间的段数加起来

然后用左区间的右端点和右区间的左端点如果相同就-1就可以了，那么这道题就做完了

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define M 1000000
struct node{
    int l, ans, r;
};
struct hehe{
    int Top[M], Size[M], High[M], Fa[M], num[M], value[M];
    node q[M];
    int lazy[M];
    int tot, head[M], Next[M], son[M];
    int ST_tot;
    int n;
    inline void init(){
        ST_tot = tot = 0;
        for(int i = 1; i < M; i ++) lazy[i] = -1;
        memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
        Top[1] = 1;
    }
    inline void pushdown(int o){
        if(lazy[o] != -1){
            lazy[2 * o] = lazy[2 * o + 1] = lazy[o];
            q[2 * o].l = q[2 * o].r = q[2 * o + 1].l = q[2 * o + 1].r = lazy[o];
            q[2 * o].ans = q[2 * o + 1].ans = 1;
            lazy[o] = -1;
        }
    }
    inline void add(int l, int r, int o, int x, int y, int k){
        if(x <= l && r <= y){
            q[o].l = q[o].r = k;
            q[o].ans = 1;
            lazy[o] = k;
            return;
        }
        int mid = (l + r) / 2;
        pushdown(o);
        if(x <= mid) add(l, mid, 2 * o, x, y, k);
        if(y > mid) add(mid + 1, r, 2 * o + 1, x, y, k);
        q[o].l = q[2 * o].l;
        q[o].r = q[2 * o + 1].r;
        q[o].ans = q[2 * o].ans + q[2 * o + 1].ans;
        if(q[2 * o].r == q[2 * o + 1].l) q[o].ans --;
    }
    inline node query(int l, int r, int o, int x, int y){
        if(x <= l && r <= y){
            return q[o];
        }
        pushdown(o);
        int mid = (l + r) / 2;
        if(x <= mid && y <= mid) return query(l, mid, 2 * o, x, y);
        else if(x > mid && y > mid) return query(mid + 1, r, 2 * o + 1, x, y);
        else{
            node ll = query(l, mid, 2 * o, x, y);
            node rr = query(mid + 1, r, 2 * o + 1, x, y);
            node ret;
            ret.l = ll.l;
            ret.r = rr.r;
            ret.ans = ll.ans + rr.ans;
            if(ll.r == rr. l) ret.ans --;
            return ret;
        } 
    }
    inline void insert(int x, int y){
        tot ++;
        son[tot] = y;
        Next[tot] = head[x];
        head[x] = tot;
    }
    inline void dfs1(int x, int fa, int height){
        Fa[x] = fa;
        High[x] = height;
        for(int i = head[x]; i != -1; i = Next[i]) if(son[i] != fa){
            dfs1(son[i], x, height + 1);
            Size[x] += Size[son[i]];
        }
        Size[x] ++;
    }
    inline void dfs2(int x, int fa){
        ++ ST_tot;
        num[x] = ST_tot;
        add(1, n, 1, ST_tot, ST_tot, value[x]);
        int o = -1, sos = 0;
        for(int i = head[x]; i != -1; i = Next[i]) if(son[i] != fa){
            if(Size[son[i]] > sos){
                sos = Size[son[i]];
                o = i;
            }
        }
        if(o != -1){
            Top[son[o]] = Top[x];
            dfs2(son[o], x);
        }
        for(int i = head[x]; i != -1; i = Next[i]) if(son[i] != fa && i != o){
            Top[son[i]] = son[i];
            dfs2(son[i], x);
        }
    }
    inline void real_add(int x, int y, int k){
        while(Top[x] != Top[y]){
            if(High[Top[x]] < High[Top[y]]) swap(x, y);
            add(1, n, 1, num[Top[x]], num[x], k);
            x = Fa[Top[x]];
        }    
        if(High[x] < High[y]) swap(x, y);
        add(1, n, 1, num[y], num[x], k);
        return;
    }
    inline int real_query(int x, int y){
        int tx = -1, ty = -1;
        int ret = 0;
        while(Top[x] != Top[y]){
            if(High[Top[x]] < High[Top[y]]){
                swap(x, y);
                swap(tx, ty);
            }
            node hh = query(1, n, 1, num[Top[x]], num[x]);
            ret += hh.ans;
            if(hh.r == tx) ret --;
            tx = hh.l;
            x = Fa[Top[x]];
        }
        if(High[x] < High[y]){
            swap(x, y);
            swap(tx, ty);
        }
        node hh = query(1, n, 1, num[y], num[x]);
        ret += hh.ans;
        if(hh.r == tx) ret --;
        if(hh.l == ty) ret --;
        return ret;
    }
} wt;
int main(){
    int n, m;
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    wt.n = n;
    wt.init();
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) scanf("%d", &wt.value[i]);
    for(int i = 1; i < n; i ++){
        int x, y;
        scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
        wt.insert(x, y);
        wt.insert(y, x);
    }
    wt.dfs1(1, -1, 1);
    wt.dfs2(1, -1);
    char str[2];
    int x, y, z;
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++){
        scanf("%s", str);
        if(str[0] == 'Q'){
            scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);
            printf("%d\n", wt.real_query(x, y));
        }
        else{
            scanf("%d%d%d", &x, &y, &z);
            wt.real_add(x, y, z);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}