iOS系统检测到手指触摸(Touch)操作时会将其放入当前活动Application的事件队列,UIApplication会从事件队列中取出触摸事件并传递给key window(当前接收用户事件的窗口)处理,window对象首先会使用hitTest:withEvent:方法寻找此次Touch操作初始点所在的视图(View),即需要将触摸事件传递给其处理的视图,称之为hit-test view。
window对象会在首先在view hierarchy的顶级view上调用hitTest:withEvent:,此方法会在视图层级结构中的每个视图上调用pointInside:withEvent:,如果pointInside:withEvent:返回YES,则继续逐级调用,直到找到touch操作发生的位置,这个视图也就是hit-test view。
hitTest:withEvent:方法的处理流程如下:
hitTest:withEvent:方法忽略隐藏(hidden=YES)的视图,禁止用户操作(userInteractionEnabled=YES)的视图,以及alpha级别小于0.01(alpha<0.01)的视图。如果一个子视图的区域超过父视图的bound区域(父视图的clipsToBounds 属性为NO,这样超过父视图bound区域的子视图内容也会显示),那么正常情况下对子视图在父视图之外区域的触摸操作不会被识别,因为父视图的pointInside:withEvent:方法会返回NO,这样就不会继续向下遍历子视图了。当然,也可以重写pointInside:withEvent:方法来处理这种情况。
对于每个触摸操作都会有一个UITouch对象,UITouch对象用来表示一个触摸操作,即一个手指在屏幕上按下、移动、离开的整个过程。UITouch对象在触摸操作的过程中在不断变化,所以在使用UITouch对象时,不能直接retain,而需要使用其他手段存储UITouch的内部信息。UITouch对象有一个view属性,表示此触摸操作初始发生所在的视图,即上面检测到的hit-test view,此属性在UITouch的生命周期不再改变,即使触摸操作后续移动到其他视图之上。
如果父视图需要对对哪个子视图可以响应触摸事件做特殊控制,则可以重写hitTest:withEvent:或pointInside:withEvent:方法。
这里有几个例子:
- (UIView *)hitTest:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
UIView *result = [super hitTest:point withEvent:event];
CGPoint buttonPoint = [underButton convertPoint:point fromView:self];
if ([underButton pointInside:buttonPoint withEvent:event]) {
return underButton;
}
return result;
}
这样如果触摸点在button的范围内,返回hittestView为button,从button按钮可以响应点击事件。
在测试中发现对每一次触摸操作实际会触发三次hitTest:withEvent:方法调用,有测试环境视图结构如下 UIWindow->UIScrollView->TapDetectingImageView
point:{356.25, 232.031} event:<UITouchesEvent: 0x8653ea0> timestamp: 25269.8 touches: {()}
point:{356.25, 232.031} event:<UITouchesEvent: 0x8653ea0> timestamp: 25269.8 touches: {()}
point:{356.25, 232.031} event:<UITouchesEvent: 0x8653ea0> timestamp: 25272 touches: {()}
三次调用的point参数完全相同,event从指针看为同一对象,但时间戳有变化,第一次和第二次的时间戳相同,第三次的与之前有区别。
typedef struct __GSEvent {
CFRuntimeBase _base;
GSEventRecord record;
} GSEvent; typedef struct __GSEvent* GSEventRef;
typedef struct GSEventRecord {
GSEventType type; // 0x8 //2
GSEventSubType subtype; // 0xC //3
CGPoint location; // 0x10 //4
CGPoint windowLocation; // 0x18 //6
int windowContextId; // 0x20 //8
uint64_t timestamp; // 0x24, from mach_absolute_time //9
GSWindowRef window; // 0x2C //
GSEventFlags flags; // 0x30 //12
unsigned senderPID; // 0x34 //13
CFIndex infoSize; // 0x38 //14 } GSEventRecord;
在GSEventRecord中我们可以获取到GSEvent事件类型type,windowLocation(在窗口坐标系中的位置)等参数。
访问UIEvent中的GSEventRecord可以使用以下代码
if ([event respondsToSelector:@selector(_gsEvent)]) {
#define GSEVENT_TYPE 2
#define GSEVENT_SUBTYPE 3
#define GSEVENT_X_OFFSET 6
#define GSEVENT_Y_OFFSET 7
#define GSEVENT_FLAGS 12
#define GSEVENTKEY_KEYCODE 15
#define GSEVENT_TYPE_KEYUP 11
int *eventMem;
eventMem = (int *)objc_unretainedPointer([event performSelector:@selector(_gsEvent)]);
if (eventMem) {
int eventType = eventMem[GSEVENT_TYPE];
int eventSubType = eventMem[GSEVENT_SUBTYPE];
float xOffset = *((float*)(eventMem + GSEVENT_X_OFFSET));
float yOffset = *((float*)(eventMem + GSEVENT_Y_OFFSET));
}
}
按照上文描述的方法我们获取到UIEvent内部的windowLocation数据,同时将接收到的point参数在window坐标系中的位置也打印出,这样三次调用的数据分别为
point:{356.25, 232.031} windowPoint:{152, 232} event:<UITouchesEvent: 0x8653ea0> timestamp: 25269.8 touches: {()} gsEventType:3001 gsXoffset:213.000000 gsYoffset:316.000000
point:{356.25, 232.031} windowPoint:{152, 232} event:<UITouchesEvent: 0x8653ea0> timestamp: 25269.8 touches: {()} gsEventType:3001 gsXoffset:213.000000 gsYoffset:316.000000
point:{356.25, 232.031} windowPoint:{152, 232} event:<UITouchesEvent: 0x8653ea0> timestamp: 25272 touches: {()} gsEventType:3001 gsXoffset:152.000000 gsYoffset:232.000000
第一次和第二次调用的时间戳相同,GSEvent中的windowLocation也相同,但windowLocation并不是当前请求的point位置,第三次请求的时间戳与前两次不同,GSEvent中的windowLocation与当前请求的point位置一致。
多次点击可发现,第一次和第二次调用中的windowLocation数据实际上是上次点击操作的位置,猜测前两次hitTest是对上次点击操作的终结?第三次hitTest才是针对当前点击的。
[NSThread callStackSymbols];
可以获取到当前线程的调用栈数据,在TapDetectingImageView的hitTest:withEvent:中打印调用栈信息,分别为:
第一次调用:
0 RenrenPhoto 0x0002b52d -[TapDetectingImageView hitTest:withEvent:] + 93
1 UIKit 0x0047f4d5 __38-[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:]_block_invoke_0 + 132
2 CoreFoundation 0x01b515a7 __NSArrayChunkIterate + 359
3 CoreFoundation 0x01b2903f __NSArrayEnumerate + 1023
4 CoreFoundation 0x01b28a16 -[NSArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:] + 102
5 UIKit 0x0047f3d1 -[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:] + 640
6 UIKit 0x00497397 -[UIScrollView hitTest:withEvent:] + 79
7 UIKit 0x0047f4d5 __38-[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:]_block_invoke_0 + 132
8 CoreFoundation 0x01b515a7 __NSArrayChunkIterate + 359
9 CoreFoundation 0x01b2903f __NSArrayEnumerate + 1023
10 CoreFoundation 0x01b28a16 -[NSArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:] + 102
11 UIKit 0x0047f3d1 -[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:] + 640
12 RenrenPhoto 0x0002e01b -[UIEventProbeWindow hitTest:withEvent:] + 395
13 UIKit 0x00477a02 __47+[UIWindow _hitTestToPoint:pathIndex:forEvent:]_block_invoke_0 + 150
14 UIKit 0x00477888 +[UIWindow _topVisibleWindowPassingTest:] + 196
15 UIKit 0x00477965 +[UIWindow _hitTestToPoint:pathIndex:forEvent:] + 177
16 UIKit 0x0043cd06 _UIApplicationHandleEvent + 1696
17 GraphicsServices 0x01ff8df9 _PurpleEventCallback + 339
18 GraphicsServices 0x01ff8ad0 PurpleEventCallback + 46
19 CoreFoundation 0x01aa4bf5 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE1_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 53
20 CoreFoundation 0x01aa4962 __CFRunLoopDoSource1 + 146
21 CoreFoundation 0x01ad5bb6 __CFRunLoopRun + 2118
22 CoreFoundation 0x01ad4f44 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 276
23 CoreFoundation 0x01ad4e1b CFRunLoopRunInMode + 123
24 GraphicsServices 0x01ff77e3 GSEventRunModal + 88
25 GraphicsServices 0x01ff7668 GSEventRun + 104
26 UIKit 0x0043c65c UIApplicationMain + 1211
27 RenrenPhoto 0x000026b2 main + 178
28 RenrenPhoto 0x000025b5 start + 53
29 ??? 0x00000001 0x0 + 1
第二次调用
0 RenrenPhoto 0x0002b52d -[TapDetectingImageView hitTest:withEvent:] + 93
1 UIKit 0x0047f4d5 __38-[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:]_block_invoke_0 + 132
2 CoreFoundation 0x01b515a7 __NSArrayChunkIterate + 359
3 CoreFoundation 0x01b2903f __NSArrayEnumerate + 1023
4 CoreFoundation 0x01b28a16 -[NSArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:] + 102
5 UIKit 0x0047f3d1 -[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:] + 640
6 UIKit 0x00497397 -[UIScrollView hitTest:withEvent:] + 79
7 UIKit 0x0047f4d5 __38-[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:]_block_invoke_0 + 132
8 CoreFoundation 0x01b515a7 __NSArrayChunkIterate + 359
9 CoreFoundation 0x01b2903f __NSArrayEnumerate + 1023
10 CoreFoundation 0x01b28a16 -[NSArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:] + 102
11 UIKit 0x0047f3d1 -[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:] + 640
12 RenrenPhoto 0x0002e01b -[UIEventProbeWindow hitTest:withEvent:] + 395
13 UIKit 0x00477a02 __47+[UIWindow _hitTestToPoint:pathIndex:forEvent:]_block_invoke_0 + 150
14 UIKit 0x00477888 +[UIWindow _topVisibleWindowPassingTest:] + 196
15 UIKit 0x00477965 +[UIWindow _hitTestToPoint:pathIndex:forEvent:] + 177
16 UIKit 0x0043cfd3 _UIApplicationHandleEvent + 2413
17 GraphicsServices 0x01ff8df9 _PurpleEventCallback + 339
18 GraphicsServices 0x01ff8ad0 PurpleEventCallback + 46
19 CoreFoundation 0x01aa4bf5 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE1_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 53
20 CoreFoundation 0x01aa4962 __CFRunLoopDoSource1 + 146
21 CoreFoundation 0x01ad5bb6 __CFRunLoopRun + 2118
22 CoreFoundation 0x01ad4f44 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 276
23 CoreFoundation 0x01ad4e1b CFRunLoopRunInMode + 123
24 GraphicsServices 0x01ff77e3 GSEventRunModal + 88
25 GraphicsServices 0x01ff7668 GSEventRun + 104
26 UIKit 0x0043c65c UIApplicationMain + 1211
27 RenrenPhoto 0x000026b2 main + 178
28 RenrenPhoto 0x000025b5 start + 53
29 ??? 0x00000001 0x0 + 1
第三次调用:
0 RenrenPhoto 0x0002b52d -[TapDetectingImageView hitTest:withEvent:] + 93
1 UIKit 0x0047f4d5 __38-[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:]_block_invoke_0 + 132
2 CoreFoundation 0x01b515a7 __NSArrayChunkIterate + 359
3 CoreFoundation 0x01b2903f __NSArrayEnumerate + 1023
4 CoreFoundation 0x01b28a16 -[NSArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:] + 102
5 UIKit 0x0047f3d1 -[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:] + 640
6 UIKit 0x00497397 -[UIScrollView hitTest:withEvent:] + 79
7 UIKit 0x0047f4d5 __38-[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:]_block_invoke_0 + 132
8 CoreFoundation 0x01b515a7 __NSArrayChunkIterate + 359
9 CoreFoundation 0x01b2903f __NSArrayEnumerate + 1023
10 CoreFoundation 0x01b28a16 -[NSArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:] + 102
11 UIKit 0x0047f3d1 -[UIView(Geometry) hitTest:withEvent:] + 640
12 RenrenPhoto 0x0002e01b -[UIEventProbeWindow hitTest:withEvent:] + 395
13 UIKit 0x0043d986 _UIApplicationHandleEvent + 4896
14 GraphicsServices 0x01ff8df9 _PurpleEventCallback + 339
15 GraphicsServices 0x01ff8ad0 PurpleEventCallback + 46
16 CoreFoundation 0x01aa4bf5 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE1_PERFORM_FUNCTION__ + 53
17 CoreFoundation 0x01aa4962 __CFRunLoopDoSource1 + 146
18 CoreFoundation 0x01ad5bb6 __CFRunLoopRun + 2118
19 CoreFoundation 0x01ad4f44 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 276
20 CoreFoundation 0x01ad4e1b CFRunLoopRunInMode + 123
21 GraphicsServices 0x01ff77e3 GSEventRunModal + 88
22 GraphicsServices 0x01ff7668 GSEventRun + 104
23 UIKit 0x0043c65c UIApplicationMain + 1211
24 RenrenPhoto 0x000026b2 main + 178
25 RenrenPhoto 0x000025b5 start + 53
26 ??? 0x00000001 0x0 + 1
从调用栈上看,三次调用的路径都不相同,关键区分点在_UIApplicationHandleEvent函数中,
第一次的调用位置为_UIApplicationHandleEvent + 1696
第二次的调用位置为_UIApplicationHandleEvent + 2413
第三次的调用位置为_UIApplicationHandleEvent + 4896