APUE 《UNIX环境高级编程》编译问题彻底解决方案

前些天,写了篇博客( 最后一年的时间,应该做些什么呢? )发誓要好好学一下《UNIX环境高级编译》(下面简称APUE),可一个小小的编译问题就悲剧了我好几天,比如APUE书上的第一个程序是这样的:

 

复制代码
    #include "apue.h"  
    #include <dirent.h>  
    int  
    main(int argc, char *argv[])  
    {  
        DIR *dp;  
        struct dirent *dirp;  
        if(argc != 2)  
        {  
            err_quit("usage: ls directory_name");  
        }  
        if((dp = opendir(argv[1])) == NULL)  
        {  
            err_sys("can`t open %s", argv[1]);  
        }  
        while((dirp = readdir(dp)) != NULL)  
        {  
            printf("%s/n", dirp->d_name);  
        }  
        closedir(dp);  
        exit(0);  
    }  
复制代码

直接这样用gcc编译会很悲剧的出现一大堆错误,错误这里就不罗列出来了。

     其实细心的朋友会发现本程序第一行包含了一个apue.h的头文件,这个头文件在/usr/include可是没有的哦,也就是说这不是标准头文件,其实从它用双引号包含也可以看出来。那这个头文件在哪呢?

 

     附录里。

 

     找到了问题,解决就好办了,把附录里的apue.h和error.c敲进电脑里,我敲好了,懒得就直接复制吧。

复制代码
    /* Our own header, to be included before all standard system headers */  
    #ifndef _APUE_H  
    #define _APUE_H  
    #if defined(SOLARIS)  
    #define _XOPEN_SOURCE   500     /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 2  for Solaris 9 */  
    #define CMSG_LEN(x)     _CMSG_DATA_ALIGN(sizeof(struct cmsghdr)+(x))  
    #elif !defined(BSD)  
    #define _XOPEN_SOURCE   600     /* Single UNIX Specification, Version 3 */  
    #endif  
    #include <sys/types.h>          /* some systems still require this */  
    #include <sys/stat.h>  
    #include <sys/termios.h>        /* for winsize */  
    #ifndef TIOCGWINSZ  
    #include <sys/ioctl.h>  
    #endif  
    #include <stdio.h>              /* for convenience */  
    #include <stdlib.h>             /* for convenience */  
    #include <stddef.h>             /* for offsetof */  
    #include <string.h>             /* for convenience */  
    #include <unistd.h>             /* for convenience */  
    #include <signal.h>             /* for SIG_ERR */  
    #include <errno.h>  
    #include <stdarg.h>  
    #include <syslog.h>  
    #include <error.h>  
    #define MAXLINE 4096                    /* max line length */  
    /****/  
    /* 
     * Default file access permissions for new files. 
     */  
    #define FILE_MODE       (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH)  
    /* 
     * Default permissions for new directories. 
     */  
    #define DIR_MODE        (FILE_MODE | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH)  
    typedef void    Sigfunc(int);   /* for signal handlers */  
    #if     defined(SIG_IGN) && !defined(SIG_ERR)  
    #define SIG_ERR ((Sigfunc *)-1)  
    #endif  
    #define min(a,b)        ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))  
    #define max(a,b)        ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))  
    /* 
     * Prototypes for our own functions. 
     */  
    char    *path_alloc(int *);                             /* {Prog pathalloc} */  
    long     open_max(void);                                /* {Prog openmax} */  
    void     clr_fl(int, int);                              /* {Prog setfl} */  
    void     set_fl(int, int);                              /* {Prog setfl} */  
    void     pr_exit(int);                                  /* {Prog prexit} */  
    void     pr_mask(const char *);                 /* {Prog prmask} */  
    Sigfunc *signal_intr(int, Sigfunc *);   /* {Prog signal_intr_function} */  
    int              tty_cbreak(int);                               /* {Prog raw} */  
    int              tty_raw(int);                                  /* {Prog raw} */  
    int              tty_reset(int);                                /* {Prog raw} */  
    void     tty_atexit(void);                              /* {Prog raw} */  
    #ifdef  ECHO    /* only if <termios.h> has been included */  
    struct termios  *tty_termios(void);             /* {Prog raw} */  
    #endif  
    void     sleep_us(unsigned int);                        /* {Ex sleepus} */  
    ssize_t  readn(int, void *, size_t);            /* {Prog readn_writen} */  
    ssize_t  writen(int, const void *, size_t);     /* {Prog readn_writen} */  
    void     daemonize(const char *);                       /* {Prog daemoninit} */  
    int              s_pipe(int *);                                 /* {Progs streams_spipe sock_spipe} */  
    int              recv_fd(int, ssize_t (*func)(int,  
                             const void *, size_t));/* {Progs recvfd_streams recvfd_sockets} */  
    int              send_fd(int, int);                             /* {Progs sendfd_streams sendfd_sockets} */  
    int              send_err(int, int,  
                              const char *);                /* {Prog senderr} */  
    int              serv_listen(const char *);             /* {Progs servlisten_streams servlisten_sockets} */  
    int              serv_accept(int, uid_t *);             /* {Progs servaccept_streams servaccept_sockets} */  
    int              cli_conn(const char *);                /* {Progs cliconn_streams cliconn_sockets} */  
    int              buf_args(char *, int (*func)(int,  
                              char **));                    /* {Prog bufargs} */  
    int              ptym_open(char *, int);        /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */  
    int              ptys_open(char *);                     /* {Progs3 ptyopen_streams ptyopen_bsd ptyopen_linux} */  
    #ifdef  TIOCGWINSZ  
    pid_t    pty_fork(int *, char *, int, const struct termios *,  
                              const struct winsize *);              /* {Prog ptyfork} */  
    #endif  
    int             lock_reg(int, int, int, off_t, int, off_t); /* {Prog lockreg} */  
    #define read_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /  
                            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))  
    #define readw_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /  
                            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))  
    #define write_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /  
                            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))  
    #define writew_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /  
                            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLKW, F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))  
    #define un_lock(fd, offset, whence, len) /  
                            lock_reg((fd), F_SETLK, F_UNLCK, (offset), (whence), (len))  
    pid_t   lock_test(int, int, off_t, int, off_t);         /* {Prog locktest} */  
    #define is_read_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) /  
                            (lock_test((fd), F_RDLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)  
    #define is_write_lockable(fd, offset, whence, len) /  
                            (lock_test((fd), F_WRLCK, (offset), (whence), (len)) == 0)  
    void    err_dump(const char *, ...);            /* {App misc_source} */  
    void    err_msg(const char *, ...);  
    void    err_quit(const char *, ...);  
    void    err_exit(int, const char *, ...);  
    void    err_ret(const char *, ...);  
    void    err_sys(const char *, ...);  
    void    log_msg(const char *, ...);                     /* {App misc_source} */  
    void    log_open(const char *, int, int);  
    void    log_quit(const char *, ...);  
    void    log_ret(const char *, ...);  
    void    log_sys(const char *, ...);  
    void    TELL_WAIT(void);                /* parent/child from {Sec race_conditions} */  
    void    TELL_PARENT(pid_t);  
    void    TELL_CHILD(pid_t);  
    void    WAIT_PARENT(void);  
    void    WAIT_CHILD(void);  
    #endif  /* _APUE_H */  
复制代码
复制代码
    #include "apue.h"  
    #include <errno.h>      /* for definition of errno */  
    #include <stdarg.h>     /* ISO C variable aruments */  
    static void err_doit(int, int, const char *, va_list);  
    /* 
     * Nonfatal error related to a system call. 
     * Print a message and return. 
     */  
    void  
    err_ret(const char *fmt, ...)  
    {  
        va_list     ap;  
        va_start(ap, fmt);  
        err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);  
        va_end(ap);  
    }  
    /* 
     * Fatal error related to a system call. 
     * Print a message and terminate. 
     */  
    void  
    err_sys(const char *fmt, ...)  
    {  
        va_list     ap;  
        va_start(ap, fmt);  
        err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);  
        va_end(ap);  
        exit(1);  
    }  
    /* 
     * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. 
     * Error code passed as explict parameter. 
     * Print a message and terminate. 
     */  
    void  
    err_exit(int error, const char *fmt, ...)  
    {  
        va_list     ap;  
        va_start(ap, fmt);  
        err_doit(1, error, fmt, ap);  
        va_end(ap);  
        exit(1);  
    }  
    /* 
     * Fatal error related to a system call. 
     * Print a message, dump core, and terminate. 
     */  
    void  
    err_dump(const char *fmt, ...)  
    {  
        va_list     ap;  
        va_start(ap, fmt);  
        err_doit(1, errno, fmt, ap);  
        va_end(ap);  
        abort();        /* dump core and terminate */  
        exit(1);        /* shouldn't get here */  
    }  
    /* 
     * Nonfatal error unrelated to a system call. 
     * Print a message and return. 
     */  
    void  
    err_msg(const char *fmt, ...)  
    {  
        va_list     ap;  
        va_start(ap, fmt);  
        err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);  
        va_end(ap);  
    }  
    /* 
     * Fatal error unrelated to a system call. 
     * Print a message and terminate. 
     */  
    void  
    err_quit(const char *fmt, ...)  
    {  
        va_list     ap;  
        va_start(ap, fmt);  
        err_doit(0, 0, fmt, ap);  
        va_end(ap);  
        exit(1);  
    }  
    /* 
     * Print a message and return to caller. 
     * Caller specifies "errnoflag". 
     */  
    static void  
    err_doit(int errnoflag, int error, const char *fmt, va_list ap)  
    {  
        char    buf[MAXLINE];  
       vsnprintf(buf, MAXLINE, fmt, ap);  
       if (errnoflag)  
           snprintf(buf+strlen(buf), MAXLINE-strlen(buf), ": %s",  
             strerror(error));  
       strcat(buf, " ");  
       fflush(stdout);     /* in case stdout and stderr are the same */  
       fputs(buf, stderr);  
       fflush(NULL);       /* flushes all stdio output streams */  
    }  
复制代码

这样涉及到两个文件的同时编译问题,如果你更懒,那么还有办法解决。

给个批处理用用吧。

 

复制代码
    #!/bin/sh  
    #gg  
    #以下是修改的gg脚本,添加了一个函数,indent每一个.c和.h的功能  
    #wraper the gcc  
    #set -x  
    #用indent所有的c文件和头文件(因为我向ssh中拷代码的时候缩进总是出问题,所以需要indent)  
    go2indent()  
    {  
       for tt in $*  
       do  
    char=`echo $tt|cut -d. -f2`  
    if [ $char = "c" -o $char = "h" ]; then  
       char=""  
       #此处indent格式自己修改。  
       indent -ts2 -bli0 $tt  
       rm $tt~ >/dev/null 2>&1  
    fi  
       done  
    }  
    #不需要indent的话,直接注释下面这条语句  
    go2indent $*  
    exec_obj=`echo $1|cut -d. -f1`  
    if gcc error.c $* -Wall -o $exec_obj; then  
       echo "gcc Done! Create executable file /"$exec_obj/"."  
    else  
       echo "gcc failed!"  
       exit 1  
    fi  
    #end  
复制代码

 

把批处理命名为gg,是不是迫不及待的想试试了?

 

不过,还有等一下,应该此时你还没有执行权限,敲命令sudo chmod 755 gg提升权限。然后别忘了用ls -l看一下,如果是该文件权限是-rwxr-xr-x,即本用户和超级用户读写执行,本组用户读执行,其他用户执行。

 

 


你可能感兴趣的:(APUE 《UNIX环境高级编程》编译问题彻底解决方案)