sqlServer2005的操作语句
/*
--sql server 2005 无法连接到数据库引擎--
确定服务器器名称、帐号、密码无误后：
1.先开启服务器：开始-运行-输入“net start mssqlserver”，关闭为“net stop mssqlserver”；
或者开始- 所有程序 - micorsoft sql server 2005 - 配置工具 - SQL Server 外围应用配置器-服务和连接的外围应用配置器 - MSSQLSERVER - Database Engine - 服务 - 启动类型 - 改为“自动”，然后确定。
2.Database Engine 的远程连接：开始- 所有程序 - micorsoft sql server 2005 - 配置工具 - SQL Server 外围应用配置器 - 服务和连接的外围应用配置器 - MSSQLSERVER - Database Engine - 远程连接 - 按钮“本地连接和远程连接” - 按钮“仅使用TCP/IP” ，然后确定。
*/
-- 获取用户创建的对象信息--
SELECT [name],[id],crdate FROM sysobjects where xtype='V'
/*
xtype 的表示参数类型，通常包括如下这些
C = CHECK 约束
D = 默认值或 DEFAULT 约束
F = FOREIGN KEY 约束
L = 日志
FN = 标量函数
IF = 内嵌表函数
P = 存储过程
PK = PRIMARY KEY 约束（类型是 K）
RF = 复制筛选存储过程
S = 系统表
TF = 表函数
TR = 触发器
U = 用户表
UQ = UNIQUE 约束（类型是 K）
V = 视图
X = 扩展存储过程
*/
--建库--
use master
go
if exists (select * from sys.databases where name = 'pubs')
drop database pubs
go
create database pubs
go
--建表--
if exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'company')
drop table company
go
create table company
(
id int identity(2,2),--自动增长列(从2开始，每次增2个)
names varchar(10) ,--人员姓名
sex char(1) ,--性别
age int ,--年龄
birthday datetime ,--生日
explain text ,--个人说明
email varchar(40) ,--邮箱
telephone varchar(20) --电话
)
go
--查询--
select * from company
go
--插入--
insert into company (names,sex,birthday,explain,email,telephone) values('wendy','1','1989-10-04','sweet','[email protected]','13419626374');
insert into company (names,sex) values('wendy','1');
insert into company (names,birthday) values('wendy','1989/10/05');
---sql2008 r2中这样查年会有问题，年要插入四个数字
--insert into company (names,birthday) values('wendy','89/10/06');
--insert into company (names,birthday) values('wendy','89/10/06 10:56:30');
insert into company (names,birthday) values('wendy','2222/10/06 10:56:30');
insert into company (names,birthday) values('二','1900/10/06 10:56:30');
insert into company (names,birthday) values('一','1800/07/21 10:56:30');
insert into company (names,age) values('六',21);
insert into company (names,age) values('wendy2',22);
insert into company (names,age) values('wendy3',23);
insert into company (names,age) values('wendy4',24);
insert into company (names,age) values('wendy5',25);
insert into company values('wendy','1',23,'1989-10-04','sweet','[email protected]','13419626374');
insert into company values('wendy','1',23,'1989-10-04','sweet','[email protected]','13419626253');
insert into company values('wendy','1',23,'1989-10-04','beautiful','[email protected]','13419626253');
go
--初始化表--
truncate table company
go
--循环插入表数据--
declare @intName int
set @intName=1
while @intName<10
begin
insert into company (names) values (@intName)
set @intName=@intName+1
end
go
declare @remarkName varchar(10)
declare @intName int
set @remarkName='a'
set @intName=1
while @intName<10
begin
insert into company (names) values (@intName)
set @intName=@intName+@intName+1
end
go
--修改--
update company set names='apple' where id=1
update company set names='apple', sex='0' where id=1
update company set names='apple', sex='0',explain='strong' where id=1
update company set birthday='1989/11/04' where telephone='13419626374'
go
--删除--
delete from company where id=1
delete from company where id=2 and names='wendy'
delete from company where id in(0,3,4,5)--根据id批量删除
delete from company where id >= 6 and id <= 50
go
--查找--
select * from company where explain like '%beautiful%'
select * from company where explain like '%beautiful%' or telephone like '%253%'
go
--查询sex是空的数据--
select * from company where sex is null
--查询sex不是空的数据--
select * from company where sex is not null
go
--between的用法：between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值，not between 不包括--
select * from company where birthday between '1900/10/06 10:56:30' and '2222/10/06 10:56:30'
select * from company where birthday not between '1900/10/06 10:56:30' and '2222/10/06 10:56:30'
go
--in的使用方法--
select * from company where names not in('wendy');--查询names不是wendy的所有数据
go
--按姓氏笔画排序--
select * from company order by names collate Chinese_prc_stroke_ci_as
go
--排序--
select * from company order by id asc --升序（不写的话默认为升序）
select * from company order by id desc--降序
go
--查询表中31到第40个记录--
select top 10 * from company where id not in (select top 5 id from company)
--一条sql搞定数据库分页--
select top 10 * from (select top 20 id ,names from company order by names desc) company
go
--随机取出十条数据--
select top 10 * from company order by newId()
go
--随机数--
select newId()
go
--删除字段中字符个数为5的前五个字符--
select * from company
update company set names = substring(names, 6, len(names)) where len(names) = 5
go
--删除重复names,age--
delete from company where id not in (select max(id) from company group by names,age)
go
--删除重复names--
delete from company where id not in (select max(id) from company group by names)
go
---删除重复的记录，保留一条记录！
delete a from company a where id > (select min(id) from company b where a.names=b.names)
go
--判断列是否是自增列--
if
columnproperty(object_id('company'),'id','IsIdentity')=1
print '自增列'
else
print '不是自增列'
go
--判断表中是否存在索引
if exists(select * from sys.indexes where name=object_id('company') and name='id')
print '存在'
else
print '不存在'
go
--判断列是否存在,存在就删除--
if exists(select * from sys.columns where name='id') alter table company drop column id
go
--添加一个增长列--
alter table companyadd id int identity(1,1)
go
--修改某个表某列的类型--
alter table MD_Tank alter column EquipStatusId int null
--总数--
select count(names) as totalNames from companyselect count(*) totalNames from company where names='wendy'
go
--求和--
select sum(age) as 'sumAge' from company
go
--平均--
select avg(age) as 'avgAge' from company
go
--最大--
select max(age) from company
go
--最小--
select min(age) from company
go
--复制表：只复制表结构（源表：company，新表：newCompany）--
select * into newCompany from company where 1<>1
--不插入company表的数据
drop table newCompany
go
select * into newCompany from company where 1=1
--插入company表的数据
go
drop table newCompany
go
select top 0 * into newCompany from company
go
drop table newCompany
go
select top 2 * into newCompany from company
go
select * from newCompany
go
--两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中没有的数据--
delete from company where not exists (select * from newCompany where company.id=newCompany.id)
--两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中存在的数据--
delete from company where exists (select * from newCompany where company.id=newCompany.id)
go
select * into newCompanys from company where 1=1
go
--查询两张表里相同的数据--
Select company. * From newCompanys,company Where newCompany.id = company.id;
--根据条件查询两张表里相同的数据--
Select company.* From company Inner Join newCompany On company.id =newCompany.id where newCompany.id =1 ;
go
--包括所有在company中但不在newCompany中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表--
(select names from company) except (select names from newCompany)
go
--包括所有在company中但不在newCompany、newCompanys中的行并消除所有重复行而派生出一个结果表--
(select names from company) except (select names from newCompany) except (select names from newCompanys)
go --数据库的变量定义和赋值--
declare @dt1 datetimedeclare @dt2 datetimeset @dt1='1900/10/06 10:56:30'set @dt2='2222/10/06 10:56:30'
go
--生日年份到今年相差100的数据--
select * from company where datediff(Year,birthday,getdate())>100
go
--今年的第一天--
select DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate()),0) as '今年的第一天'
go
--计算一个月的第一天--
select DATEADD(mm,DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate()),0)
--本周的星期一--
select DATEADD(wk,DATEDIFF(wk,0,getdate()),0)
--在当前日期基础上添加两天--
select dateadd(dd,2,getdate())
/*DATEDIFF 语法简述： datediff(date-part,date-expression1,date-expression2) date-part :year | quarter | month | week | day | hour | minute | second | millisecond date-part
指定要计算其间隔的日期部分。
date-expression1 某一间隔的起始日期。
从 date-expression2 中减去该值，返回两个参数之间 date-parts 的数值。
date-expression2 某一间隔的结束日期。从该值中减去 Date-expression1，返回两个参数之间 date-parts 的数值。
功能：返回两个日期之间的间隔 */
/*DATEADD语法简述： DATEADD(datepart，number，date） datepart 年yy，yyyy | 季度qq，q | 月mm，m | 年中的日dy，y | 日dd，d | 周wk，ww | 星期dw，w | 小时hh | 分钟mi，n | 秒ss，s | 毫秒ms |微妙mcs |纳秒ns date
参数是合法的日期表达式 number 是您希望添加的间隔数；对于未来的时间，此数是正数，对于过去的时间，此数是负数。
功能：函数在日期中添加或减去指定的时间间隔。 */
--查询最近10天要过生日的会员---
select * from (select *,NextBD=case when dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,birthday,getdate()),birthday)> getdate() then dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,birthday,getdate()),birthday) else dateadd(yy,datediff(yy,birthday,getdate())+1,birthday) end from company) as tb where datediff(d,getdate(),NextBD) between 0 and 10 and datepart(d,birthday)=datepart(d,NextBD)