Oracle流复制配置最佳实践

一、通用配置

1. 使用Oracle 10.2.0.4版本,并且安装所有关键补订包

 

2. 下游捕获需要源和目标库运行在相同平台上

 

3. 准备源和目标数据库的redo logs

(1) 配置源和目标库的archivelog模式

(2) 配置本地归档目标路径,log_archive_dest_1参数,不要使用flash recovery area。

 

4. 建立流转用表空间:对于下游捕获,只在下游捕获数据库建立;对于上游捕获,源和目标库都建立

CREATE TABLESPACE streams_ts DATAFILE '/ora_data1/migopt/stream01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED

LOGGING

PERMANENT

EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE

BLOCKSIZE 8K

SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO

FLASHBACK ON;

 

5. 建立流管理员数据库用户

create user streamsadmin identified by streamsadmin default tablespace streams_ts temporary tablespace temp;

 

6. 授予流管理权限和DBA权限

execute DBMS_STREAMS_AUTH.GRANT_ADMIN_PRIVILEGE('STREAMSADMIN');

grant DBA to streamsadmin;

 

7. 设置关键的初始化参数

AQ_TM_PROCESSES                                                       # 1

DB_NAME                                                                                            # SELECT NAME FROM V$DATABASE;

DB_DOMAIN                                                                              # com

GLOBAL_NAME                                                                         # TRUE

COMPATIBLE                                                                     # 10.2

JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES                                     # 建议最小值是4

_JOB_QUEUE_INTERVAL                                     # 1

TIMED_STATISTICS                                       # TRUE

STATISTICS_LEVEL                                         # TYPICAL

SHARED_POOL_SIZE                                             # 最小256M

STREAMS_POOL_SIZE                                           # 最小256M

 

8. 建立源和目标库之间的数据库链

(1) 用streamsadmin登录目标数据库确认全局数据库名

select * from global_name;

 

(2) 用streamsadmin登录源数据库建立从源到目标的数据库链,数据库链的名字是上一步的global_name

create database link <global_name_d>

connect to streamsadmin identified by streamsadmin

using '<TNSNAMES.ORA alias entry>';

 

(3) 在源数据库上运行下面的查询来验证数据库链连通

select * from dual@<db_link_name>;

 

(4) 用streamsadmin登录目标数据库

 

(5) 建立从目标到源的数据库链:下游捕捉需要建立;上游捕捉可选建立

create database link <global_name_s>

connect to streamsadmin identified by streamsadmin

using '<TNSNAMES.ORA alias entry>';

 

(6) 在目标数据库上运行下面的查询来验证数据库链连通

select * from dual@<db_link_name>;

 

9. 用streamsadmin登录在源和目标库上建立目录对象

CREATE DIRECTORY streams_dir as '/ora_data1';                   # 目标

CREATE DIRECTORY streams_dir as '/db';                                           # 源

 

10. 如果选择复制DDLs,需要处理源和目标库上对象或表空间名字不一致的问题

(1) 避免系统生成约束或索引的名字

(2) 数据库间保持相同的表空间名字或者使用一个DDL handler来显式的处理不一致的名字

 

 

二、建议的下流捕获配置

1. 确认步骤一的所有配置

 

2. 在源和目标库上修改初始化参数

源数据库:

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=

   'LOCATION=+ENG/streamssrc10g/

   VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)

   MANDATORY'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=

   'SERVICE=streamsdest10g_halinux06.us.oracle.com

   LGWR ASYNC NOREGISTER VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)

   DB_UNIQUE_NAME=streamsdest10g'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=DEFER

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, DG_CONFIG=(streamssrc10g,streamsdest10g)'

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4

 

# SERVICE是TNS服务名

# DG_CONFIG里面写两个库的db_unique_name

 

目的数据库:

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=

   'LOCATION=use_db_recovery_file_dest

   VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE)'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=

   'LOCATION=+ENG/streamsdest10g/arch_srl_streamss/

   VALID_FOR=(STANDBY_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE)'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='RECEIVE, DG_CONFIG=(streamssrc10g,streamsdest10g)'

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4

 

3. 在下游数据库配置standby redo logs

(1) 在源数据库上查询v$log视图找到redo log groups的个数,用下面的公式计算SRLs的数量

Number of SRLs = sum of all production online redo log groups for each thread + number of threads

# threads即instance

 

(2) 在下游数据库里添加standby redo logs

ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4

('+ENG/streamsdest10g/standbylog/srl_m1.dbf', '+ENG/streamsdest10g/standbylog/srl_m2.dbf')

SIZE 1024M;

 

(3) 查询v$standby_log视图验证日志组和状态

SELECT GROUP#,SEQUENCE#,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;

初始状态下,sequence#为0,status为UNASSIGNED

 

4. 在源数据库上起用远程归档重做日志目标

(1) 开始传送redo数据

ALTER SYSTEM SET LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2='ENABLE' SCOPE=BOTH;

 

(2) 切换日志文件

ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

 

(3) 查询v$archive_dest_status验证归档日志目标

SELECT DEST_ID, DEST_NAME, DESTINATION, DATABASE_NAME, SRL, ERROR FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS;

 

5. 在下游库上复制模式,用streamsadmin在下游数据库上执行:

BEGIN

     DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.MAINTAIN_SCHEMAS(

          SCHEMA_NAMES                                                                                  => 'TEST1,TEST2,TEST3,TEST4,TEST5,TEST6',           # 复制的模式名

          SOURCE_DATABASE                                                           => 'STREAMSS.US.ORACLE.COM',                                                                            # 源库的GLOBAL_NAME

          SOURCE_DIRECTORY_OBJECT                     => 'STREAMS_DIR',

          DESTINATION_DATABASE                                => 'STREAMSD.US.ORACLE.COM',                                                                      # 目标库的GLOBAL_NAME

          DESTINATION_DIRECTORY_OBJECT  => 'STREAMS_DIR',

          CAPTURE_QUEUE_NAME                                                => 'DS_STREAMS_QUEUE',

          APPLY_QUEUE_NAME                                                                => 'DS_STREAMS_QUEUE',

          BI_DIRECTIONAL                                                                         => FALSE,

          INCLUDE_DDL                                                                              => FALSE );

END;

/

# 可以通过查询dba_recoverable_script视图和两个库上的alert.log文件来监控执行过程,也可以在过程运行时查询下游库上的STREAMS_BUILD_STATUS视图

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW STREAMS_BUILD_STATUS AS

      SELECT TO_CHAR(rs.creation_time,'HH24:Mi:SS MM/DD/YY') CREATE_DATE,

      rs.status, rs.done_block_num||' of '||rs.total_blocks||' Steps Completed' PROGRESS,

      TO_CHAR(to_number(sysdate-rs.creation_time)*86400,9999.99) ELAPSED_SECONDS,

      substr(to_char(rsb.forward_block),1,100) CURRENT_STEP,

      rs.invoking_package||'.'||rs.invoking_procedure PROCEDURE, rs.script_id

FROM DBA_RECOVERABLE_SCRIPT rs,

      DBA_RECOVERABLE_SCRIPT_BLOCKS rsb

WHERE rs.script_id = rsb.script_id AND rsb.block_num = rs.done_block_num + 1;

 

6. 在下游库上为捕获进程配置实时挖掘,用streamsadmin在下游数据库上执行:

BEGIN

  DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM.SET_PARAMETER(

  capture_name => 'DS_REALTIME_CAPTURE',

  parameter => 'downstream_real_time_mine',

  value => 'y');

END;

/

 

7. 验证下游数据库

(1) 在源库上切换日志

ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

 

(2) 查询下游库的v$standby_log视图

SELECT GROUP#,SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME, FIRST_CHANGE#, LAST_CHANGE#, ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;

# 如果FIRST_CHANGE#, LAST_CHANGE#变化,则说明实时挖掘下游捕捉正常配置

 

 

三、建议的上游捕捉配置

1. 确认步骤一的所有配置

 

2. 在源和目标库上修改初始化参数

源数据库:

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=

   'LOCATION=+ENG/streamssrc10g/archivelog/

   VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)

   MANDATORY'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=4

 

目的数据库:

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=

   'LOCATION=+CX700/streamsdestb10g/

   VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE)'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

 

3. 复制模式,用streamsadmin在源数据库上执行:

BEGIN

     DBMS_STREAMS_ADM.MAINTAIN_SCHEMAS(

          SCHEMA_NAMES                                                                                  => 'TEST1,TEST2,TEST3,TEST4,TEST5,TEST6',          # 复制的模式名

          SOURCE_DATABASE                                                           => 'STREAMSS.US.ORACLE.COM',                                                                            # 源库的GLOBAL_NAME

          SOURCE_DIRECTORY_OBJECT                     => 'STREAMS_DIR',

          DESTINATION_DATABASE                                       => 'STREAMSD.US.ORACLE.COM',                                                                          # 目标库的GLOBAL_NAME

          DESTINATION_DIRECTORY_OBJECT          => 'STREAMS_DIR',

          BI_DIRECTIONAL                                                                         => FALSE,

          INCLUDE_DDL                                                                              => FALSE );

END;

/

# 可以通过查询dba_recoverable_script视图和两个库上的alert.log文件来监控执行过程,也可以在过程运行时查询下游库上的STREAMS_BUILD_STATUS视图

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW STREAMS_BUILD_STATUS AS

      SELECT TO_CHAR(rs.creation_time,'HH24:Mi:SS MM/DD/YY') CREATE_DATE,

      rs.status, rs.done_block_num||' of '||rs.total_blocks||' Steps Completed' PROGRESS,

      TO_CHAR(to_number(sysdate-rs.creation_time)*86400,9999.99) ELAPSED_SECONDS,

      substr(to_char(rsb.forward_block),1,100) CURRENT_STEP,

      rs.invoking_package||'.'||rs.invoking_procedure PROCEDURE, rs.script_id

FROM DBA_RECOVERABLE_SCRIPT rs,

      DBA_RECOVERABLE_SCRIPT_BLOCKS rsb

WHERE rs.script_id = rsb.script_id AND rsb.block_num = rs.done_block_num + 1;

 

 

四、配置后任务

1. 设置捕获进程的CHECKPOINT_RETENTION_TIME参数

BEGIN

      DBMS_CAPTURE_ADM.ALTER_CAPTURE(

      capture_name => 'DS_REALTIME_CAPTURE',

      checkpoint_retention_time => 7 );                                  # 缺省为60

END;

 

2. 设置应用并行度为4

BEGIN

      DBMS_APPLY_ADM.SET_PARAMETER('APPLY$_STREAMSS_36,

      'PARALLELISM','4');

END;

/

 

3. 运行流健康检查脚本

Oracle Metalink Note 273674.1.

 

 

五、调整网络配置参数

1. 在所有服务器上设置TCP/IP网络参数

(1) 设置读写缓冲区最大值网络核心参数

net.core.rmem_max = 16777216

net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

 

(2) 设置TCP/IP最小、缺省、最大缓冲区大小

net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216

 

#编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件,执行sysctl –p命令生效

 

2. 设置Oracle Net Session Data Unit (SDU) 大小

修改源库的SQLNET.ORA文件,例如:

streamsdest10g_halinux06.us.oracle.com=

(DESCRIPTION=

    (SDU=32767)

      (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)

      (HOST=halinux06vip)

      (PORT=1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA=

     (SERVER = DEDICATED)

     (SERVICE_NAME = streamsd.us.oracle.com))

)

修改目标库的LISTENER.ORA文件,例如:

SID_LIST_listener_name=

  (SID_LIST=

   (SID_DESC=

    (SDU=32767)

    (GLOBAL_DBNAME=streamsd.us.oracle.com)

    (SID_NAME=STRM10g6)

    (ORACLE_HOME=/usr/oracle)))

   

3. 设置TCP Socket Buffer 大小

公式(例如 带宽1Gbps,RTT 25毫秒):

BDP= 1,000 Mbps * 25msec (.025 sec)1,000,000,000 * .02525,000,000 Megabits / 8 = 3,125,000 bytes

socket buffer size = 3 * bandwidth * delay

                                                                                     = 3,125,000 * 3

                                                                                     = 9,375,000 bytes

修改两个库的SQLNET.ORA文件

streamsdest10g_halinux06.us.oracle.com =

 (DESCRIPTION=

   (SDU=32767)

   (SEND_BUF_SIZE=9375000)

   (RECV_BUF_SIZE=9375000)

   (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)

   (HOST=halinux06vip)(PORT=1521))

 (CONNECT_DATA=

   (SERVER = DEDICATED)

   (SERVICE_NAME = streamsd.us.oracle.com)))

 

4. 设置网络设备队列大小

例如:

echo 20000 > /proc/sys/net/core/netdev_max_backlog

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/flush

ifconfig eth0 txqueuelen 10000

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