Android深入四大组件(三)Service的绑定过程

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Android深入理解四大组件系列

前言

我们可以通过调用Context的startService来启动Service,也可以通过Context的bindService来绑定Service,建议阅读此篇文章前请阅读Android深入四大组件(二)Service的启动过程这篇文章,知识点重叠的部分,本篇文章将不再赘述。

1.ContextImpl到ActivityManageService的调用过程

我们可以用bindService方法来绑定Service,它的实现在ContextWrapper中,代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java

   @Override
    public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
            int flags) {
        return mBase.bindService(service, conn, flags);
    }

这里mBase具体指向就是ContextImpl,不明白的请查看 Android深入四大组件(二)Service的启动过程这篇文章。接着查看ContextImpl的bindService方法:
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java

  @Override
    public boolean bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,
            int flags) {
        warnIfCallingFromSystemProcess();
        return bindServiceCommon(service, conn, flags, mMainThread.getHandler(),
                Process.myUserHandle());
    }

在bindService方法中,又return了bindServiceCommon方法,代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java

private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags, Handler
        handler, UserHandle user) {
    IServiceConnection sd;
    if (conn == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");
    }
    if (mPackageInfo != null) {
        sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), handler, flags);//1
    } else {
        throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");
    }
    validateServiceIntent(service);
    try {
     ...
     /** * 2 */
        int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(
            mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
            service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
            sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
      ...
    } catch (RemoteException e) {
        throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
    }
}

在注释1处调用了LoadedApk类型的对象mPackageInfo的getServiceDispatcher方法,它的主要作用是将ServiceConnection封装为IServiceConnection类型的对象sd,从IServiceConnection的名字我们就能得知它实现了Binder机制,这样Service的绑定就支持了跨进程。接着在注释2处我们又看见了熟悉的代码,最终会调用AMS的bindService方法。
ContextImpl到ActivityManageService的调用过程如下面的时序图所示。

2.Service的绑定过程

AMS的bindService方法代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

  public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
            String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, String callingPackage,
            int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
        enforceNotIsolatedCaller("bindService");
...
        synchronized(this) {
            return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service,
                    resolvedType, connection, flags, callingPackage, userId);
        }
    }

bindService方法最后会调用ActiveServices类型的对象mServices的bindServiceLocked方法:
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java

 int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service,
            String resolvedType, final IServiceConnection connection, int flags,
            String callingPackage, final int userId) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
 ...
 if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
                s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                /** * 1 */
                if (bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), callerFg, false,
                        permissionsReviewRequired) != null) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
          ...
            if (s.app != null && b.intent.received) {//2
                try {
                    c.conn.connected(s.name, b.intent.binder);//3
                } catch (Exception e) {
                ...
                }
                if (b.intent.apps.size() == 1 && b.intent.doRebind) {//4
                    requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, callerFg, true);//5
                }
            } else if (!b.intent.requested) {//6
                requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, callerFg, false);//7
            }
            getServiceMap(s.userId).ensureNotStartingBackground(s);
        } finally {
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
        }
        return 1;
}

在注释1处会bringUpServiceLocked方法,在bringUpServiceLocked方法中又会调用realStartServiceLocked方法,最终由ActivityThread来调用Service的onCreate方法启动Service,这一过程在Android深入四大组件(二)Service的启动过程这篇文章中已经讲过,这里不再赘述。
在注释2处s.app != null 表示Service已经运行,其中s是ServiceRecord类型对象,app是ProcessRecord类型对象。b.intent.received表示当前应用程序进程的Client端已经接收到绑定Service时返回的Binder,这样应用程序进程的Client端就可以通过Binder来获取要绑定的Service的访问接口。注释3处调用c.conn的connected方法,其中c.conn指的是IServiceConnection,它的具体实现为ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection,其中ServiceDispatcher是LoadedApk的内部类,InnerConnection的connected方法内部会调用H的post方法向主线程发送消息,从而解决当前应用程序进程和Service跨进程通信的问题,在后面会详细介绍这一过程。
在注释4处如果当前应用程序进程的Client端第一次与Service进行绑定的,并且Service已经调用过onUnBind方法,则需要调用注释5的代码。
注释6处如果应用程序进程的Client端没有发送过绑定Service的请求,则会调用注释7的代码,注释7和注释5的代码区别就是最后一个参数rebind为false,表示不是重新绑定。
接着我们查看注释7的requestServiceBindingLocked方法,代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java

private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r, IntentBindRecord i,
        boolean execInFg, boolean rebind) throws TransactionTooLargeException {
   ...
    if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) {//1
        try {
            bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "bind");
            r.app.forceProcessStateUpTo(ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE);
            r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind,
                    r.app.repProcState);//2
           ...
        } 
        ...
    }
    return true;
}

注释1处i.requested表示是否发送过绑定Service的请求,从前面的代码得知是没有发送过,因此,!i.requested为true。从前面的代码得知rebind值为false,那么(!i.requested || rebind)的值为true。如果IntentBindRecord中的应用程序进程记录大于0,则会调用注释2的代码,r.app.thread的类型为IApplicationThread,它的实现我们已经很熟悉了,是ActivityThread的内部类ApplicationThread,scheduleBindService方法如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

  public final void scheduleBindService(IBinder token, Intent intent,
                boolean rebind, int processState) {
            updateProcessState(processState, false);
            BindServiceData s = new BindServiceData();
            s.token = token;
            s.intent = intent;
            s.rebind = rebind;
            if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
                Slog.v(TAG, "scheduleBindService token=" + token + " intent=" + intent + " uid="
                        + Binder.getCallingUid() + " pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid());
            sendMessage(H.BIND_SERVICE, s);
        }

首先将Service的信息封装成BindServiceData对象,需要注意的BindServiceData的成员变量rebind的值为false,后面会用到它。接着将BindServiceData传入到sendMessage方法中。sendMessage向H发送消息,我们接着查看H的handleMessage方法。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
          if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
          switch (msg.what) {
          ...
              case BIND_SERVICE:
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "serviceBind");
                    handleBindService((BindServiceData)msg.obj);
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
                    break;
          ...
           }
        ...
        }
     ...   
}

H在接收到BIND_SERVICE类型消息时,会在handleMessage方法中会调用handleBindService方法:
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

 private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
        Service s = mServices.get(data.token);//1
        if (DEBUG_SERVICE)
            Slog.v(TAG, "handleBindService s=" + s + " rebind=" + data.rebind);
        if (s != null) {
            try {
                data.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(s.getClassLoader());
                data.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
                try {
                    if (!data.rebind) {//2
                        IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);//3
                        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService(
                                data.token, data.intent, binder);//4
                    } else {
                        s.onRebind(data.intent);//5
                        ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(
                                data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
                    }
                    ensureJitEnabled();
                } 
                ...
            } 
            ...
        }
    }

注释1处获取要绑定的Service 。注释2处的BindServiceData的成员变量rebind的值为false,这样会调用注释3处的代码来调用Service的onBind方法,这样Service处于绑定状态了。如果rebind的值为true就会调用注释5处的Service的onRebind方法,结合前文的bindServiceLocked方法的注释4处,我们得知如果当前应用程序进程的Client端第一次与Service进行绑定,并且Service已经调用过onUnBind方法,则会调用Service的onRebind方法。
接着查看注释4的代码,实际上是调用AMS的publishService方法。
讲到这,先给出这一部分的代码时序图(不包括Service启动过程)

我们接着来查看AMS的publishService方法,代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

public void publishService(IBinder token, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
  ...
    synchronized(this) {
        if (!(token instanceof ServiceRecord)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid service token");
        }
        mServices.publishServiceLocked((ServiceRecord)token, intent, service);
    }
}

publishService方法中,调用了ActiveServices类型的mServices对象的publishServiceLocked方法:
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActiveServices.java

 void publishServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r, Intent intent, IBinder service) {
        final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        try {
           ...
                    for (int conni=r.connections.size()-1; conni>=0; conni--) {
                        ArrayList<ConnectionRecord> clist = r.connections.valueAt(conni);
                        for (int i=0; i<clist.size(); i++) {
                         ...
                            try {
                                c.conn.connected(r.name, service);//1
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                             ...
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                serviceDoneExecutingLocked(r, mDestroyingServices.contains(r), false);
            }
        } finally {
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
        }
    }

注释1处的代码,我在前面介绍过,c.conn指的是IServiceConnection,它的具体实现为ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnection,其中ServiceDispatcher是LoadedApk的内部类,ServiceDispatcher.InnerConnectiond的connected方法的代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java

static final class ServiceDispatcher {
     ...
        private static class InnerConnection extends IServiceConnection.Stub {
            final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> mDispatcher;
            InnerConnection(LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd) {
                mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(sd);
            }
            public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) throws RemoteException {
                LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = mDispatcher.get();
                if (sd != null) {
                    sd.connected(name, service);//1
                }
            }
        }
 ...
 }       

在注释1处调用了ServiceDispatcher 类型的sd对象的connected方法,代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java

 public void connected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            if (mActivityThread != null) {
                mActivityThread.post(new RunConnection(name, service, 0));//1
            } else {
                doConnected(name, service);
            }
        }

注释1处调用Handler类型的对象mActivityThread的post方法,mActivityThread实际上指向的是H。因此,通过调用H的post方法将RunConnection对象的内容运行在主线程中。RunConnection的定义如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java

  private final class RunConnection implements Runnable {
        RunConnection(ComponentName name, IBinder service, int command) {
            mName = name;
            mService = service;
            mCommand = command;
        }
        public void run() {
            if (mCommand == 0) {
                doConnected(mName, mService);
            } else if (mCommand == 1) {
                doDeath(mName, mService);
            }
        }
        final ComponentName mName;
        final IBinder mService;
        final int mCommand;
    }

在RunConnection的run方法中调用了doConnected方法:
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/LoadedApk.java

public void doConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
  ...
    // If there was an old service, it is not disconnected.
    if (old != null) {
        mConnection.onServiceDisconnected(name);
    }
    // If there is a new service, it is now connected.
    if (service != null) {
        mConnection.onServiceConnected(name, service);//1
    }
}

在注释1处调用了ServiceConnection类型的对象mConnection的onServiceConnected方法,这样在客户端中实现了ServiceConnection接口的类的onServiceConnected方法就会被执行。至此,Service的绑定过程就分析到这。
最后给出剩余部分的代码时序图。

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