[Windows编程] 如何捕捉程序异常/crash 并生成 dump 文件

前面介绍如如何用WinDBG 生成crash dump 《WinDBG 技巧：如何生成Dump 文件(.dump 命令) 》，但是用户机器上通常不安装WinDBG， 而且多数用户也不知道怎么使用WinDBG。 所以最好是自己程序里面能够捕捉exception/crash，并且生成crash dump，然后通过网络传回到自己服务器。

捕捉exception 可以用API 函数 SetUnhandledExceptionFilter 。生成crash dump 可以用DbgHelp.dll 里面的MiniDumpWriteDump 函数。

LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER WINAPI SetUnhandledExceptionFilter( __in LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER lpTopLevelExceptionFilter );

BOOL WINAPI MiniDumpWriteDump( __in HANDLE hProcess, __in DWORD ProcessId, __in HANDLE hFile, __in MINIDUMP_TYPE DumpType, __in PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExceptionParam, __in PMINIDUMP_USER_STREAM_INFORMATION UserStreamParam, __in PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION CallbackParam );

代码示例：

#include <dbghelp.h> #include <shellapi.h> #include <shlobj.h> // 自定义的exectpion filter LONG WINAPI MyUnhandledExceptionFilter(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *pExceptionPointers) { SetErrorMode( SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX ); //收集信息 CStringW strBuild; strBuild.Format(L"Build: %s %s", __DATE__, __TIME__); CStringW strError; HMODULE hModule; WCHAR szModuleName[MAX_PATH] = L""; GetModuleHandleEx(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS, (LPCWSTR)pExceptionPointers->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress, &hModule); GetModuleFileName(hModule, szModuleName, ARRAYSIZE(szModuleName)); strError.AppenedFormat(L"%s %d , %d ,%d.", szModuleName,pExceptionPointers->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode, pExceptionPointers->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionFlags, pExceptionPointers->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress); //生成 mini crash dump BOOL bMiniDumpSuccessful; WCHAR szPath[MAX_PATH]; WCHAR szFileName[MAX_PATH]; WCHAR* szAppName = L"AppName"; WCHAR* szVersion = L"v1.0"; DWORD dwBufferSize = MAX_PATH; HANDLE hDumpFile; SYSTEMTIME stLocalTime; MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExpParam; GetLocalTime( &stLocalTime ); GetTempPath( dwBufferSize, szPath ); StringCchPrintf( szFileName, MAX_PATH, L"%s%s", szPath, szAppName ); CreateDirectory( szFileName, NULL ); StringCchPrintf( szFileName, MAX_PATH, L"%s%s\\%s-%04d%02d%02d-%02d%02d%02d-%ld-%ld.dmp", szPath, szAppName, szVersion, stLocalTime.wYear, stLocalTime.wMonth, stLocalTime.wDay, stLocalTime.wHour, stLocalTime.wMinute, stLocalTime.wSecond, GetCurrentProcessId(), GetCurrentThreadId()); hDumpFile = CreateFile(szFileName, GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE|FILE_SHARE_READ, 0, CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, 0); MINIDUMP_USER_STREAM UserStream[2]; MINIDUMP_USER_STREAM_INFORMATION UserInfo; UserInfo.UserStreamCount = 1; UserInfo.UserStreamArray = UserStream; UserStream[0].Type = CommentStreamW; UserStream[0].BufferSize = strBuild.GetLength()*sizeof(WCHAR); UserStream[0].Buffer = strBuild.GetBuffer(); UserStream[1].Type = CommentStreamW; UserStream[1].BufferSize = strError.GetLength()*sizeof(WCHAR); UserStream[1].Buffer = strError.GetBuffer(); ExpParam.ThreadId = GetCurrentThreadId(); ExpParam.ExceptionPointers = pExceptionPointers; ExpParam.ClientPointers = TRUE; MINIDUMP_TYPE MiniDumpWithDataSegs = MiniDumpNormal | MiniDumpWithHandleData | MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules | MiniDumpWithIndirectlyReferencedMemory | MiniDumpScanMemory | MiniDumpWithProcessThreadData | MiniDumpWithThreadInfo; bMiniDumpSuccessful = MiniDumpWriteDump(GetCurrentProcess(), GetCurrentProcessId(), hDumpFile, MiniDumpWithDataSegs, &ExpParam, NULL, NULL); // 上传mini dump 到自己服务器（略） ... return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH; //或者 EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER 关闭程序 } int _tmain() { // 设置 execption filter SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(MyUnhandledExceptionFilter); .... return 0; }