关于Locker doors 的算法

Locker doors

There are n lockers in a hallway numbered sequentially from 1 to n. Initially, all the locker doors are closed. You make n passes by the lockers, each time starting with locker #1. On the ith pass, i = 1, 2, ..., n, you toggle the door of every ith locker: if the door is closed, you open it, if it is open, you close it. For example, after the first pass every door is open; on the second pass you only toggle the even-numbered lockers (#2, #4, ...) so that after the second pass the even doors are closed and the odd ones are opened; the third time through you close the door of locker #3 (opened from the first pass), open the door of locker #6 (closed from the second pass), and so on. After the last pass, which locker doors are open and which are closed? How many of them are open? Your task is write a program to output How many doors are open after the last pass? Assumptions all doors are closed at first.

Input:

a positive numbers n, total doors. n<=100000

Output:

a positive numbers ,the total of doors opened after the last pass.

Ex.Input:

10

Ex.Output

3

 

其实这道题举几个例子就可以找出规律。

比如输入:4

最开始:0 0 0 0(0表示为closed,1表示为opened)

第一次:1 1 1 1

第二次:1 0 1 0

第三次:1 0 0 0

第四次:1 0 0 1

此时输出:2

再比如输入:9

最开始: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

第一次:1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

第二次:1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

第三次:1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0

第四次:1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0

第五次:1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0

第六次:1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0

第七次:1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

第八次:1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

第九次:1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

此时输出:3

那我们输入:10

最开始: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

第一次:1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

第二次:1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

第三次:1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

第四次:1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

第五次:1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1

第六次:1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1

第七次:1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

第八次:1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

第九次:1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

第十次:1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

观察以上数据:

 

输入 输出
4 2
9 3
10 3

 

 

 

 

 

输出数字代表了输入数字之前的平方数的个数,4之前的有1、4;9之前的有1、4、9;10之前的有1、4、9。

多次输入可以证明以上结论正确,即得算法。

#include
#include
#include

using namespace std;

 int main(){
    int n;
    int count = 0;
    cin >> n;
    for( int i = 1; i * i <= n; i++){
        count++;
    }
    cout << count << endl;
    return 0;
 }
 

认真观察结果,就会得出一些结论,而这些结论就是设计出算法的关键。

 

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