在项目开发中经常会遇到调用第三方接口的情况,比如说调用第三方的天气预报接口。
使用流程
【1】准备工作:在项目的工具包下导入HttpClientUtil这个工具类,或者也可以使用Spring框架的restTemplate来调用,上面有调用接口的方法【分为Get和Post方式的有参和无参调用】:
package com.njsc.credit.util; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URI; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; public class HttpClientUtil { /** * 带参数的get请求 * @param url * @param param * @return String */ public static String doGet(String url, Mapparam) { // 创建Httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); String resultString = ""; CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { // 创建uri URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url); if (param != null) { for (String key : param.keySet()) { builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key)); } } URI uri = builder.build(); // 创建http GET请求 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri); // 执行请求 response = httpclient.execute(httpGet); // 判断返回状态是否为200 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (response != null) { response.close(); } httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; } /** * 不带参数的get请求 * @param url * @return String */ public static String doGet(String url) { return doGet(url, null); } /** * 带参数的post请求 * @param url * @param param * @return String */ public static String doPost(String url, Map param) { // 创建Httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; String resultString = ""; try { // 创建Http Post请求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); // 创建参数列表 if (param != null) { List paramList = new ArrayList<>(); for (String key : param.keySet()) { paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key))); } // 模拟表单 UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList); httpPost.setEntity(entity); } // 执行http请求 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { response.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; } /** * 不带参数的post请求 * @param url * @return String */ public static String doPost(String url) { return doPost(url, null); } /** * 传送json类型的post请求 * @param url * @param json * @return String */ public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) { // 创建Httpclient对象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; String resultString = ""; try { // 创建Http Post请求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); // 创建请求内容 StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON); httpPost.setEntity(entity); // 执行http请求 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { response.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; } }
【2】创建url和访问key 以及参数等:
代码如下:
/** * 聚合接口校验身份证 * @param idCard * @param realName * @return boolean */ public boolean identityCheck(String idCard, String realName){ logger.info("-----------------调用聚合数据 身份证验证API BEGIN--------------->"); String key = "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"; String url = "http://op.juhe.cn/idcard/query" + "?key=" + key + "&idcard=" + idCard + "&realname=" + realName; logger.info("请求url:" + url); boolean match = false; //是否匹配 try { String result = HttpClientUtil.doGet(url); System.out.println("请求结果:" + result); IdentityCheckResult identityCheckResult = JsonUtils.parse(result, IdentityCheckResult.class); IdentityCheck identityCheck = JsonUtils.parse(result, "result", IdentityCheck.class); logger.info(identityCheckResult); logger.info(identityCheck.toString()); if(identityCheckResult.correct() && identityCheck.getRes() == 1){ match = true; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } logger.info("<-----------------调用聚合数据 身份证验证API END---------------"); return match; }
【3】请求这个第三方接口:
使用HttpClientUtil工具类中的doGet方法来请求URL,得到结果,现在大多数是一个json字符串,类型为String
【4】根据接口返回数据格式来解析数据:
可以看到,返回参数有六个,所以在项目中新建一个bean,包含以上六个字段,用来接住返回数据,如下:
因为接口返回的数据是一个json的字符串,类型实际上是一个String字符串,要解析数据,用工具类JsonUtils的parse方法将字符串转换为Java对象,JsonUtils的代码如下:
package com.eqianxian.commons.utils.json; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.PropertyFilter; import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature; /** * 在系统中统一使用这个,以方便将来切换不同的JSON生成工具 * * @author KelvinZ * */ public class JsonUtils { public static final int TYPE_FASTJSON = 0; public static final int TYPE_GSON = 1; /** ** 对象转化为json字符串 * * @param obj 待转化对象 * @return 代表该对象的Json字符串 */ public static final String toJson(final Object obj) { return JSON.toJSONString(obj); // return gson.toJson(obj); } /** ** 对象转化为json字符串 * * @param obj 待转化对象 * @return 代表该对象的Json字符串 */ public static final String toJson(final Object obj, SerializerFeature... features) { return JSON.toJSONString(obj, features); // return gson.toJson(obj); } /** * 对象转化为json字符串并格式化 * * @param obj * @param format 是否要格式化 * @return */ public static final String toJson(final Object obj, final boolean format) { return JSON.toJSONString(obj, format); } /** * 对象对指定字段进行过滤处理,生成json字符串 * * @param obj * @param fields 过滤处理字段 * @param ignore true做忽略处理,false做包含处理 * @param features json特征,为null忽略 * @return */ public static final String toJson(final Object obj, final String[] fields, final boolean ignore, SerializerFeature... features) { if (fields == null || fields.length < 1) { return toJson(obj); } if (features == null) features = new SerializerFeature[] { SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames }; return JSON.toJSONString(obj, new PropertyFilter() { @Override public boolean apply(Object object, String name, Object value) { for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) { if (name.equals(fields[i])) { return !ignore; } } return ignore; } }, features); } /** ** 解析json字符串中某路径的值 * * @param json * @param path * @return */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static finalE parse(final String json, final String path) { String[] keys = path.split(","); JSONObject obj = JSON.parseObject(json); for (int i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) { obj = obj.getJSONObject(keys[i]); } return (E) obj.get(keys[keys.length - 1]); } /** * * json字符串解析为对象 * * @param json 代表一个对象的Json字符串 * @param clazz 指定目标对象的类型,即返回对象的类型 * @return 从json字符串解析出来的对象 */ public static finalT parse(final String json, final Class clazz) { return JSON.parseObject(json, clazz); } /** * * json字符串解析为对象 * * @param json json字符串 * @param path 逗号分隔的json层次结构 * @param clazz 目标类 */ public static finalT parse(final String json, final String path, final Class clazz) { String[] keys = path.split(","); JSONObject obj = JSON.parseObject(json); for (int i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) { obj = obj.getJSONObject(keys[i]); } String inner = obj.getString(keys[keys.length - 1]); return parse(inner, clazz); } /** * 将制定的对象经过字段过滤处理后,解析成为json集合 * * @param obj * @param fields * @param ignore * @param clazz * @param features * @return */ public static final List parseArray(final Object obj, final String[] fields, boolean ignore, final Class clazz, final SerializerFeature... features) { String json = toJson(obj, fields, ignore, features); return parseArray(json, clazz); } /** * * 从json字符串中解析出一个对象的集合,被解析字符串要求是合法的集合类型 * (形如:["k1":"v1","k2":"v2",..."kn":"vn"]) * * @param json - [key-value-pair...] * @param clazz * @return */ public static finalList parseArray(final String json, final Class clazz) { return JSON.parseArray(json, clazz); } /** * * 从json字符串中按照路径寻找,并解析出一个对象的集合,例如: * 类Person有一个属性name,要从以下json中解析出其集合: * { * "page_info":{ * "items":{ * "item":[{"name":"KelvinZ"},{"name":"Jobs"},...{"name":"Gates"}] * } * } * 使用方法:parseArray(json, "page_info,items,item", Person.class), * 将根据指定路径,正确的解析出所需集合,排除外层干扰 * * @param json json字符串 * @param path 逗号分隔的json层次结构 * @param clazz 目标类 * @return */ public static finalList parseArray(final String json, final String path, final Class clazz) { String[] keys = path.split(","); JSONObject obj = JSON.parseObject(json); for (int i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) { obj = obj.getJSONObject(keys[i]); } String inner = obj.getString(keys[keys.length - 1]); List ret = parseArray(inner, clazz); return ret; } /** * * 有些json的常见格式错误这里可以处理,以便给后续的方法处理 * 常见错误:使用了\" 或者 "{ 或者 }",腾讯的页面中常见这种格式 * * @param invalidJson 包含非法格式的json字符串 * @return */ public static final String correctJson(final String invalidJson) { String content = invalidJson.replace("\\\"", "\"").replace("\"{", "{").replace("}\"", "}"); return content; } /** * 格式化Json * * @param json * @return */ public static final String formatJson(String json) { Map, ?> map = (Map, ?>) JSON.parse(json); return JSON.toJSONString(map, true); } /** * 获取json串中的子json * * @param json * @param path * @return */ public static final String getSubJson(String json, String path) { String[] keys = path.split(","); JSONObject obj = JSON.parseObject(json); for (int i = 0; i < keys.length - 1; i++) { obj = obj.getJSONObject(keys[i]); System.out.println(obj.toJSONString()); } return obj != null ? obj.getString(keys[keys.length - 1]) : null; } }
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