php中serialize序列化与json性能测试的示例分析

最近需要对大数组做存储,需要在serialize序列化和json之间做了选择。因此需要做了性能测试。

在php5.2之前对数组存储的时候,大都使用serialize系列化。php5.2之后,开始内置了 JSON 的支持

在网上看到有些资料说:json_encode和json_decode比内置的serialize和unserialize函数要高效。耳闻不如眼见,眼见不一定为实。那就用实际数据测试吧.....

我们先理解概念:

一、 序列化

序列化是将对象状态转换为可保持或可传输的格式的过程。与序列化相对的是反序列化,它将流转换为对象。这两个过程结合起来,可以轻松地存储和传输数据。

将对象的状态信息转换为可以存储或传输的窗体的过程。 在序列化期间,对象将其当前状态写入到临时或持久性存储区。以后,可以通过从存储区中读取或反序列化对象的状态,重新创建该对象。

通常,对象实例的所有字段都会被序列化,这意味着数据会被表示为实例的序列化数据。这样,能够解释该格式的代码有可能能够确定这些数据的值,而不依赖于该成员的可访问性。类似地,反序列化从序列化的表示形式中提取数据,并直接设置对象状态,这也与可访问性规则无关。 对于任何可能包含重要的安全性数据的对象,如果可能,应该使该对象不可序列化。如果它必须为可序列化的,请尝试生成特定字段来保存不可序列化的重要数据。如果无法实现这一点,则应注意该数据会被公开给任何拥有序列化权限的代码,并确保不让任何恶意代码获得该权限。


二、 JSON

JSON,JavaScript Object Notation,一种更轻、更友好的用于接口(AJAX、REST等)数据交换的格式。 JSON是结构化数据串行化的文本格式,作为XML的一种替代品,用于表示客户端与服务器间数据交换有效负载的格式。它是从ECMAScript语言标准衍生而来的。JSON的设计目标是使它成为小的、轻便的、文本的,而且是JavaScript的一个子集。JSON采用完全独立于语言的文本格式,但是也使用了类似于C语言家族的习惯(包括C, C++, C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python等)。这些特性使JSON成为理想的数据交换语言。易于人阅读和编写,同时也易于机器解析和生成。

JSON建构有两种结构:
1. “名称/值”对的集合(A collection of name/value pairs)。不同的语言中,它被理解为对象(object),记录(record),结构(struct),字典(dictionary),哈希表(hash table),有键列表(keyed list),或者关联数组 (associative array)。


2.值的有序列表(An ordered list of values)。在大部分语言中,它被理解为数组(array)。

测试:

三、 实际测试

在PHP 5.3下执行:我们先使用小的数据做测试:

复制代码 代码如下:

        $target = array (   
       'battle_id'=> 257   
       ,'user_id'=> 41248   
       ,'user_id2'=> 23989   
       ,'player'=> 41248   
       ,'formation'=> Array   
            (   
               '41248'=> 1   
               ,'23989'=> 2   
            )   

       ,'result'=> 1   
       ,'battle_type'=> 1   
       ,'speed'=> Array   
            (   
               '41248'=> 0   
               ,'23989'=> 0   
            )   
            );   

    $json = json_encode($target);   
    $seri = serialize($target);   

    echo "json :" , strlen($json) ,'
';   
    echo "serialize :", strlen($seri) ,'
';   

    $stime = microtime(true);   
    for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i ++) {   
        json_encode($target);   
    }   
    $etime = microtime(true);   

    echo "json_encode :", ($etime - $stime) ,'
';   

    //----------------------------------   

    $stime = microtime(true);   
    for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i ++) {   
       json_decode($json,true);   
    }   
    $etime = microtime(true);   

    echo "json_decode :", ($etime - $stime),'
';   

    //----------------------------------   
    $stime = microtime(true);   
    for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i ++) {   
        serialize($target);   
    }   
    $etime = microtime(true);   

    echo "serialize :", ($etime - $stime) ,'
';   

    //----------------------------------   
    $stime = microtime(true);   
    for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i ++) {   
        unserialize($seri);   
    }   
    $etime = microtime(true);   

    echo "unserialize :", ($etime - $stime),'
';   

    ?>   

测试结果:

json :156
serialize :222
json_encode :0.1087498664856
json_decode :0.12652111053467
serialize :0.041656017303467
unserialize :0.040987968444824

测试结果看出json效率稍微比serialize差点,在php5.2可能会更差。应该是在php5.3之后,json扩展做了优化。

然后使用大数组做测试(代码放到最后,因为代码的数组比较长):

测试结果:

json :5350
serialize :8590
json_encode :0.90479207038879
json_decode :1.753741979599
serialize :1.3566699028015
unserialize :1.3003630638123

我们可以看出,serialize比json差了快一个数量级。

总结:

1) 空间的比较

serialize在编码后大概是json的1.5倍

原因:

  • serialize后字符串包含了子串的长度,这可能是速度方面的优化,但是测试结果不尽人意
  • serialize有更加详细的类型区分,而json只有四种类型,并且是以简单的符号表示。
  • 2)速度的比较
  • 在较小数据的情况下, serialize比json快数量级。

    在大数据量的情况下,json比serialize稍微差一点

    3)处理对象
    json无法处理对象方法等数据。

    4)使用范围

    • 序列化使用serialize,特别是对象的存储。这是其存在的意义。
    • 与对象无关的数据存储可以使用json,如包含大量数字的数组等。
      • 在前后端交互一般都使用JSON,另外,目前JSON只支持UTF-8编码的数据。

复制代码 代码如下:

 
$target = array ( 
   'battle_id'=> 257 
   ,'user_id'=> 41248 
   ,'user_id2'=> 23989 
   ,'player'=> 41248 
   ,'formation'=> Array ('41248'=> 1  ,'23989'=> 2) 
   ,'result'=> 1 
   ,'battle_type'=> 1 
   ,'speed'=> Array( '41248'=> 0,'23989'=> 0  ) 
   ,'attacker'=> Array( 
    '1'=> Array ( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'soldier_id'=> 28 
                   ,'prototype_id'=> 4 
                   ,'bid'=> 1 
                   ,'level'=> 1 
                   ,'rare'=> 1 
                   ,'skill_id'=> 1 
                   ,'totalhp'=> 3997 
                   ,'hp'=> 3997 
                   ,'attack_general'=> 346 
                   ,'attack_skill'=> 596 
                   ,'attack_explode'=> 458 
                   ,'attack_type'=> 1 
                   ,'defense'=> 0 
                   ,'anger'=> 50 
                   ,'dodge'=> 2 
                   ,'crit'=> 2 
                   ,'block'=> 2 
                   ,'block_effect'=> 0.5 
                   ,'crit_effect'=> 2 
                   ,'foramtion_effect'=> 0) 
           ,'4'=> Array ( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'soldier_id'=> 29 
                   ,'prototype_id'=> 2 
                   ,'bid'=> 1 
                   ,'level'=> 1 
                   ,'rare'=> 1 
                   ,'skill_id'=> 1 
                   ,'totalhp'=> 3555 
                   ,'hp'=> 3555 
                   ,'attack_general'=> 396 
                   ,'attack_skill'=> 581 
                   ,'attack_explode'=> 418 
                   ,'attack_type'=> 1 
                   ,'defense'=> 0 
                   ,'anger'=> 50 
                   ,'dodge'=> 2 
                   ,'crit'=> 2 
                   ,'block'=> 0 
                   ,'block_effect'=> 0.5 
                   ,'crit_effect'=> 2 
                   ,'foramtion_effect'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'5'=> Array                ( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'soldier_id'=> 30 
                   ,'prototype_id'=> 6 
                   ,'bid'=> 1 
                   ,'level'=> 1 
                   ,'rare'=> 1 
                   ,'skill_id'=> 1 
                   ,'totalhp'=> 3043 
                   ,'hp'=> 3043 
                   ,'attack_general'=> 351 
                   ,'attack_skill'=> 540 
                   ,'attack_explode'=> 474 
                   ,'attack_type'=> 1 
                   ,'defense'=> 0 
                   ,'anger'=> 50 
                   ,'dodge'=> 2 
                   ,'crit'=> 2 
                   ,'block'=> 0 
                   ,'block_effect'=> 0.5 
                   ,'crit_effect'=> 2 
                   ,'foramtion_effect'=> 0) 
           ,'7'=> Array ( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'soldier_id'=> 37 
                   ,'prototype_id'=> 2 
                   ,'bid'=> 1 
                   ,'level'=> 1 
                   ,'rare'=> 1 
                   ,'skill_id'=> 1 
                   ,'totalhp'=> 3491 
                   ,'hp'=> 3491 
                   ,'attack_general'=> 393 
                   ,'attack_skill'=> 532 
                   ,'attack_explode'=> 456 
                   ,'attack_type'=> 1 
                   ,'defense'=> 0 
                   ,'anger'=> 50 
                   ,'dodge'=> 2 
                   ,'crit'=> 2 
                   ,'block'=> 0 
                   ,'block_effect'=> 0.5 
                   ,'crit_effect'=> 2 
                   ,'foramtion_effect'=> 0   )) 
   ,'defender'=> Array( 
           '2'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 23989 
                   ,'soldier_id'=> 24 
                   ,'prototype_id'=> 1 
                   ,'bid'=> 1 
                   ,'level'=> 1 
                   ,'rare'=> 1 
                   ,'skill_id'=> 1 
                   ,'totalhp'=> 3230 
                   ,'hp'=> 3230 
                   ,'attack_general'=> 390 
                   ,'attack_skill'=> 567 
                   ,'attack_explode'=> 442 
                   ,'attack_type'=> 1 
                   ,'defense'=> 0 
                   ,'anger'=> 50 
                   ,'dodge'=> 2 
                   ,'crit'=> 2 
                   ,'block'=> 0 
                   ,'block_effect'=> 0.5 
                   ,'crit_effect'=> 2 
                   ,'foramtion_effect'=> 0) 
           ,'5'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 23989 
                   ,'soldier_id'=> 25 
                   ,'prototype_id'=> 2 
                   ,'bid'=> 1 
                   ,'level'=> 1 
                   ,'rare'=> 1 
                   ,'skill_id'=> 1 
                   ,'totalhp'=> 3400 
                   ,'hp'=> 3400 
                   ,'attack_general'=> 379 
                   ,'attack_skill'=> 536 
                   ,'attack_explode'=> 405 
                   ,'attack_type'=> 1 
                   ,'defense'=> 0 
                   ,'anger'=> 50 
                   ,'dodge'=> 2 
                   ,'crit'=> 2 
                   ,'block'=> 0 
                   ,'block_effect'=> 0.5 
                   ,'crit_effect'=> 2 
                   ,'foramtion_effect'=> 0 ) 
           ,'7'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 23989 
                   ,'soldier_id'=> 26 
                   ,'prototype_id'=> 6 
                   ,'bid'=> 1 
                   ,'level'=> 1 
                   ,'rare'=> 1 
                   ,'skill_id'=> 1 
                   ,'totalhp'=> 3669 
                   ,'hp'=> 3669 
                   ,'attack_general'=> 362 
                   ,'attack_skill'=> 549 
                   ,'attack_explode'=> 426 
                   ,'attack_type'=> 1 
                   ,'defense'=> 0 
                   ,'anger'=> 50 
                   ,'dodge'=> 2 
                   ,'crit'=> 2 
                   ,'block'=> 0 
                   ,'block_effect'=> 0.5 
                   ,'crit_effect'=> 2 
                   ,'foramtion_effect'=> 0 ) 
           ,'9'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 23989 
                   ,'soldier_id'=> 27 
                   ,'prototype_id'=> 1 
                   ,'bid'=> 1 
                   ,'level'=> 1 
                   ,'rare'=> 1 
                   ,'skill_id'=> 1 
                   ,'totalhp'=> 3618 
                   ,'hp'=> 3618 
                   ,'attack_general'=> 326 
                   ,'attack_skill'=> 510 
                   ,'attack_explode'=> 419 
                   ,'attack_type'=> 1 
                   ,'defense'=> 0 
                   ,'anger'=> 50 
                   ,'dodge'=> 2 
                   ,'crit'=> 2 
                   ,'block'=> 0 
                   ,'block_effect'=> 0.5 
                   ,'crit_effect'=> 2 
                   ,'foramtion_effect'=> 0) ) 
   ,'battle_process'=> Array( 
           '0'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'1'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'2'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'3'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'4'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'5'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'6'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'7'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'8'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'9'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'10'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'11'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'12'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'13'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'14'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'15'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'16'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'17'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'18'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
           ,'19'=> Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 

           ,'20'=>Array( 
                   'user_id'=> 41248 
                   ,'asid'=> 28 
                   ,'bsid'=> Array( '0'=> 26 ) 
                   ,'harm'=> Array('0'=> 1650) 
                   ,'dhp'=> Array('0'=> 2019  ) 
                   ,'attacker_anger'=> 66 
                   ,'defender_anger'=> Array('0'=> 94 ) 
                   ,'skill'=> 0 
                   ,'state'=> 0 
                ) 
        ) 

); 

  
$json = json_encode($target); 
$seri = serialize($target); 

echo "json :" , strlen($json) ,'
'; 
echo "serialize :", strlen($seri) ,'
'; 

$stime = microtime(true); 
for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i ++) { 
    json_encode($target); 

$etime = microtime(true); 

echo "json_encode :", ($etime - $stime) ,'
'; 

//---------------------------------- 

$stime = microtime(true); 
for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i ++) { 
   json_decode($json,true); 

$etime = microtime(true); 

echo "json_decode :", ($etime - $stime),'
'; 

//---------------------------------- 
$stime = microtime(true); 
for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i ++) { 
    serialize($target); 

$etime = microtime(true); 

echo "serialize :", ($etime - $stime) ,'
'; 

//---------------------------------- 
$stime = microtime(true); 
for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i ++) { 
    unserialize($seri); 

$etime = microtime(true); 

echo "unserialize :", ($etime - $stime),'
'; 

?>   

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