句子成分和时态

句子成分

• 主、谓、宾、表、补是主干，定、状是枝叶。

---

• 主语：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、主从、the+adj、as、it做形式主语、数词
• 谓语：情态动词、助动词、动词
• 宾语：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、宾从、the+adj、数词
• 表语：名词、动名词、不定式、现在/过去分词、表从、形容词、介词短语、副词、数词
• 补语：名词、动名词、不定式、现在/过去分词、形容词、副词
• 定语：名词、动名词、不定式、现在/过去分词、从句、形容词、介词短语、副词、数词
• 状语：不定式、现在/过去分词、形容词、介词短语、副词、数词

---

• 主语和宾语大都是名词性的词或句
• 表语和补语大都是名词性、形容词性、副词性的词或句
• 定语和状语大都是形容词性、副词性的词或句

句子时态（时间和动作）

• 一般式主要说明动作的一些事实（be）
• 一般现在时：I leave home for school at 7：00 every morning.
• 一般过去时：She often came to help us in those days.
• 一般将来时：He will get married.
• 一般过去将来时：He said he would come to see me

---

• 进行时主要说明动作的进行（be doing）
• 现在进行时：They are playing basketball now
• 过去进行时：We were having supper when the phone rang.
• 将来进行时：By this time tomorrow， I'll be lying on the beach.
• 过去将来进行时：They said they would be coming.

---

• 完成时主要说明动作的结果（have done）
• 现在完成时：He has already obtained a scholarship.
• 过去完成时：The bus had already left by the time I got there.
• 将来完成时：By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses
• 过去将来完成时：I thought Sophia would have told you something.

---

• 完成进行时主要说明动作的持续性（have been doing）
• 现在完成进行时：I have been learning English three years ago
• 过去完成进行时：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam
• 将来完成进行时：By the time John retires， James will have been practicing for 10 years
• 过去将来完成进行时：I heard by July you’d have been teaching here for ten years.