格式一: Oracle JDBC Thin using a Service_Name:
jdbc:oracle:thin:@//192.168.6.66:1521/rac （数据库的服务名Service_name:rac）
格式二: Oracle JDBC Thin using an SID:
jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.6.66:1521:rac1 （数据库的实例名SID:rac1）
格式三：Oracle JDBC Thin using 连接串 (一般在连接oracle RAC使用)
jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.6.66)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=rac)(INSTANCE_NAME=rac1)))
或者
jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.6.66)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.6.68)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=rac)))
或者
jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.6.66)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.6.68)(PORT=1521))(FAILOVER=on)(LOAD_BALANCE=on))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=rac)))
注意:使用SID和SERVICE_NAME方式的区别"/" 与 ":"很多人没有注意.
---------------------
作者：CHINA华军
来源：CSDN
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/chinahuanghuajun/article/details/79035092
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！
4.3 jdbc连接字符串引发问题:
l jdbc连接cdb数据库时,url兼容2种模式:
ü "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521:oracle12c"
ü "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521/oracle12c"
l jdbc连接pdb数据库时url必须使用:" jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521/oracle12c"格式,若使用传统格式" jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.75.131:1521:oracle12c"则会报一下错误:
java.sql.SQLException: Listenerrefused the connection with the following error:
ORA-12505, TNS:listener does notcurrently know of SID given in connect descriptor
先说基本用法：
先按11G之前进行
conn / as sysdba;
create user test identifed by test;
ORA-65096: 公用用户名或角色名无效.
查官方文档得知“试图创建一个通用用户，必需要用C##或者c##开头”，这时候心里会有疑问，什么是common user？不管先建成功了再说
create C##user test identifed by test;
创建成功
SQL>show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4066409480 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 2270995695 PDBORCL MOUNTED
SQL>alter session set container=PDBORCL;
这时再用create user test identifed by test;建立用户就可以了。
CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一个很亮的新特性,由于他们的引入导致传统的ORACLE数据库管理理念不少发生了改变,这里列举了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb关系图
ORACLE 12C版本
SQL>
select
*
from
v$version;
BANNER CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0
PL/SQL Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0
TNS
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
|
启动关闭pdb
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System
Global
Area 597098496 bytes
Fixed
Size
2291072 bytes
Variable
Size
272632448 bytes
Database
Buffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 7602176 bytes
Database
mounted.
Database
opened.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE
database
pdb1
open
;
Pluggable
database
altered.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1
READ
WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE
database
pdb1
close
;
Pluggable
database
altered.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE
database
all
open
;
Pluggable
database
altered.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1
READ
WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2
READ
WRITE
SQL>
alter
PLUGGABLE
database
all
close
;
Pluggable
database
altered.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
alter
session
set
container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> startup
Pluggable
Database
opened.
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
3 3313918585 PDB1
READ
WRITE
|
pdb的管理可以在cdb中进行也可以在pdb中进行,如果是cdb中进行,需要PLUGGABLE关键字,如果是pdb中直接和普通数据库一样
登录pdb
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
on
12-MAY-2013 08:07:02
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connecting
to
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS
of
the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
Start
Date
11-MAY-2013 18:30:54
Uptime 0 days 13 hr. 36
min
. 8 sec
Trace
Level
off
Security
ON
:
Local
OS Authentication
SNMP
OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(
KEY
=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))
(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service
"+ASM"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"+ASM"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
Service
"cdb"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"cdb"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
Service
"cdbXDB"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"cdb"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
Service
"pdb1"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"cdb"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
Service
"pdb2"
has 1 instance(s).
Instance
"cdb"
, status READY, has 1 handler(s)
for
this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1
TNS Ping Utility
for
Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
on
12-MAY-2013 08:07:09
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter
to
resolve the alias
Attempting
to
contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)
(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1
as
sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production
on
Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connected
to
:
Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With
the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
and
Real
Application Testing options
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus /
as
sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production
on
Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.
All
rights reserved.
Connected
to
:
Oracle
Database
12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With
the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Advanced Analytics
and
Real
Application Testing options
SQL>
alter
session
set
container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
|
pdb可以通过alter session container进入也可以直接通过tns方式登录
创建用户
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL>
select
con_id,dbid,
NAME
,OPEN_MODE
from
v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID
NAME
OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED
READ
ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1
READ
WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTED
SQL>
create
user
xff identified
by
xifenfei;
create
user
xff identified
by
xifenfei
*
ERROR
at
line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common
user
or
role
name
SQL> !oerr ora 65096
65096, 00000,
"invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause: An attempt was made
to
create
a common
user
or
role
with
a
name
// that wass
not
valid
for
common users
or
roles.
In
addition
to
// the usual rules
for
user
and
role names, common
user
and
role
// names must start
with
C##
or
c##
and
consist
only
of
ASCII
// characters.
// *
Action
: Specify a valid common
user
or
role
name
.
//
SQL>
create
user
c##xff identified
by
xifenfei;
User
created.
SQL>
SELECT
USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID
FROM
CDB_USERS
WHERE
USERNAME=
'C##XFF'
;
USERNAME CON_ID USER_ID
---------- ---------- ----------
C##XFF 1 103
C##XFF 3 104
SQL>
alter
session
set
container=pdb1;
Session altered.
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL>
create
user
xff identified
by
xifenfei;
User
created.
SQL>
create
user
c##abc identified
by
xifenfei;
create
user
c##abc identified
by
xifenfei
*
ERROR
at
line 1:
ORA-65094: invalid
local
user
or
role
name
|
创建用户默认的是container=all,在cdb中只能创建全局用户(c##开头),会在cdb和所有的pdb中创建该用户(但是pdb中的全局用户需要另外授权才能够在pdb中访问)。在pdb中只能创建的用户为本地用户
用户授权
SQL>
grant
connect
to
c##xff;
Grant
succeeded.
SQL>
select
GRANTEE,con_id
from
cdb_ROLE_PRIVS
where
GRANTED_ROLE=
'CONNECT'
AND
GRANTEE=
'C##XFF'
;
GRANTEE CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##XFF 1
SQL>
grant
resource
to
c##xff container=
all
;
Grant
succeeded.
SQL>
select
GRANTEE,con_id
from
cdb_ROLE_PRIVS
where
GRANTED_ROLE=
'RESOURCE'
AND
GRANTEE=
'C##XFF'
;
GRANTEE CON_ID
------------------------------ ----------
C##XFF 1
C##XFF 3
|
用户授权默认情况下是只会给当前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,对所有open的pdb且存在该用户都进行授权
修改参数
SQL>
alter
system
set
open_cursors=500 container=
all
;
System altered.
SQL> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1
as
sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME
TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors
integer
500
SQL>
alter
system
set
open_cursors=100;
alter
system
set
open_cursors=100
*
ERROR
at
line 1:
ORA-01219:
database
or
pluggable
database
not
open
: queries allowed
on
fixed
tables
or
views
only
SQL>
alter
database
open
;
Database
altered.
SQL>
alter
system
set
open_cursors=100;
System altered.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME
TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors
integer
100
SQL> conn /
as
sysdba
Connected.
SQL> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME
TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
open_cursors
integer
500
|
这里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb会继承进去;如果在pdb中修改会覆盖pdb从cdb中继承的参数含义
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.1 Oracle12c新特性之cdb&pdb:
Oracle 12C引入了CDB与PDB的新特性，在ORACLE12C数据库引入的多租用户环境（Multitenant Environment）中，允许一个数据库容器（CDB）承载多个可插拔数据库（PDB）。CDB全称为ContainerDatabase，中文翻译为数据库容器，PDB全称为Pluggable Database，即可插拔数据库。在ORACLE 12C之前，实例与数据库是一对一或多对一关系（RAC）：即一个实例只能与一个数据库相关联，数据库可以被多个实例所加载。而实例与数据库不可能是一对多的关系。当进入ORACLE 12C后，实例与数据库可以是一对多的关系。下面是官方文档关于CDB与PDB的关系图。
