穿着蓑衣斗笠拾菌子
Picking up fungus wearing a straw cape
原创：斧子
中译英：斧子的二当家
审校、朗诵：Michael
我们小孩子穿着大人的蓑衣，戴着斗笠，脚上一双大套鞋，即大人们穿的雨靴，成群结队去山里拾菌子。
乡下老家，都把蘑菇叫菌子。
In my hometown, the villagers use the name fungus to call mushrooms.
下雨天，特别是连续下了几天雨，野外就有很多蘑菇。这个时候，就是我们小孩子穿着大人的蓑衣，戴着斗笠，脚上一双大套鞋，即大人们穿的雨靴，成群结队去山里拾菌子。
On rainy days, especially after several days of continuous rain, many mushrooms show up in the wild. This is the time when our children wear adult’s straw capes, bamboo hats and large rain boots and go in groups up the mountains to pick up the fungus.
按照科学家的分类，蘑菇分为大约1域、2界、5门、12纲、14亚纲、800目、1400科和8500属左右，共计约36000种。
According to the classification made by the scientists, mushrooms are divided into 1 taxonomy, 2 kingdoms, 5 phyliums, 12 classes, 14 subclasses, 800 sections, 1400 families and 8500 genuses, a total of about 36,000 species.
按照美食家的说法，蘑菇营养丰富，能美容养颜，富含人体必需氨基酸、矿物质、维生素和多糖等营养成分，是一种高蛋白、低脂肪的营养保健食品，而且还含有抗癌或其他药用 成分，如香菇、双孢蘑菇、蜜环菌等，癌症患者多吃香菇能抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。
According to the food conoisseurs, mushrooms are good for beauty and are rich in nutrients such as essential amino acid, minerals, vitamins, and polysaccharides. They are a high protein, low fat, nutritional health food, also containing anticancer or other medical substances. It's useful to eat more mushrooms, such as Shiitake Mushrooms, AgaricusBisporus, Armillaria mellea, and so on, especially by cancer patients to inhibit the growth of tumor cells.
蘑菇除了酸甜苦辣咸以外有第六种味道——鲜。当它们与别的食品烹饪时，风味极佳，是很好的“鲜味补给”。
Except for sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty, mushrooms have a sixth flavor -- fresh. When they are cooked with other food, the flavor is excellent and it’s a good "fresh flavor provider".
我国已知可食用的蘑菇有1000多种，有毒蘑菇有400多种，其中含剧毒可对人有致死危险的蘑菇有40多种。许多毒蘑菇的外表同可食用蘑菇相差无几，比如正红菇与毒红菇，仅凭肉眼分辨，极易混淆。
In China there are more than 1000 kinds of edible mushrooms and 400 kinds of poisonous mushrooms known. Among them, there are more than 40 kinds of mushrooms that are highly toxic to human beings. Many poisonous mushrooms have the same appearance as edible mushrooms, such as RussulaVinosa and RussulaEmetica, which are easily confused by a naked eye.
树林是所有蘑菇生长地中产量最高的地方，由于树种的不同，产量也不同，形态和种类也不同。在林缘地区，常常有成片的杂木林和灌木丛，它们也是蘑菇们的理想地方，这里生 长的蘑菇采集起来最为容易。
The forest is the most productive place in all of the mushroom growing fields. Due to variety of spieces, the mushroom yield is different, as well as the shape and variety. In the forest edge area, there are often mixed forests and bushes, which are ideal places for mushrooms, and mushrooms growing there are the easiest ones to collect.
分辨蘑菇有毒还是无毒，常用的有几种方法：比如可食用的无毒蘑菇多生长在清洁的草地或松树、栎树上，有毒蘑菇往往生长在阴暗、潮湿的肮脏地带。无毒的菌盖较平，表面平 滑，菌面上无菌环，下部无菌托，有毒的菌盖中央呈凸状，形状怪异，菌面厚实板硬，菌柄上有菌环，菌柄细长或粗长，易折断，下部有菌托。毒蘑菇虫蚁不食，有虫子取食痕迹 的蘑菇是无毒的。
There are several ways to tell whether a mushroom is poisonous or not. For example, edible, non-poisonous mushrooms will grow on clean grass, on pine trees or oak trees, while poisonous mushrooms tend to grow in dark, damp and dirty areas. A non-toxic mushroom cover is flat, the surface is smooth, with no ring on the surface and no sheath in the lower part. A toxic mushroom cover has a convex shape in the center, usually a strange shape, a thick, hard plate on the surface, gills underneath the cover which are always long or thick and long, a bottom easy to break, and a sheath the in the lower part. Insects and ants won't eat toadstools, therefore if there are traces of insect bites, the mushroom is non-toxic.
将采摘的新鲜野蘑菇撕断菌株，无毒的分泌物清亮如水（个别为白色），菌面撕断不变色；有毒的分泌物稠浓，呈赤褐色，撕断后在空气中易变色。无毒蘑菇有特殊香味，有毒蘑菇有怪异味，如辛辣、酸涩、恶腥等味。
The fresh picked, wild mushrooms are torn off the strain, and the non-toxic secretion is as clear as water (white in some cases), the color of the fungus surface is unchanged. The toxic secretion is thick and russet, and discolored easily in the air after being torn off. Non-toxic mushrooms have a special fragrance and poisonous mushrooms have strange odors, such as spicy, sour, and sinful.
在采摘野蘑菇时，可用葱在蘑菇盖上擦一下，如果葱变成青褐色，证明有毒，反之不变色则无毒。
When picking wild mushrooms, you can use an onion on the top of the mushroom. If onion turns brown, it proves the mushroom is toxic, otherwise it’s non-toxic.
在煮野蘑菇时，放几根灯芯草，些许大蒜、大米或银器同煮，蘑菇煮熟，灯芯草变成青绿色或紫绿色则有毒，变黄者无毒；大蒜、大米或银器变色有毒，没变色仍保持本色则无毒 。
When cooking wild mushrooms, place some rushes, some garlic, rice or silverware, and cook them altogether. If the rushes turn green or purple-green, it's toxic, but if yellow then it’s non-toxic. If the color of the garlic, rice or silverware will change, it's toxic, but it’s non-toxic if their original color remained.
取采集或买回的可疑蘑菇，将其汁液取出，用纸浸湿后，立即在上面加一滴稀盐酸或白醋，若纸变成红色或蓝色的则有毒。
Take the suspicious mushroom that you have collected or bought, take out the juice and use some paper and let it be soaked with the juice. Then add a drop of dilute hydrochloric acid or white vinegar to the paper. If the paper turns red or blue, the mushroom is toxic.
土质贫瘠的红壤山地上，最多的蘑菇，软软的，我们叫鼻涕菇，是专门捡拾喂猪的。
On the barren red soil hills, most mushrooms are soft. We call them the nose mushrooms, and they are specially picked up for feeding pigs.
修道的人都知道一个秘密：蘑菇的抗氧化能力很强可以有效延缓衰老。
The Monastery people know a secret: Mushrooms are highly antioxidant which can effectively slow the aging process.
作者简介
斧子，出版著作有：散文诗集《等你归来》，湖南文艺出版社；散文诗集《欠债校长》，香港商务印书馆；中短篇小说集《月下天鹅与祝塘的绝版爱情》，团结出版社；中短篇小说集《隐身保镖》，团结出版社；中短篇小说集《财哥的第一次婚姻》，中国文联出版社......
Axe, published: Prose poetry collection "Waiting for you" , Hunan Literature and Art Publishing House; Prose poetry collection "Principal in debt", The Hong Kong commercial press (HKPC); A short and medium story collection, "The extinct edition of love between Swan under the Moon and Zhu Tang", United publishing house; A short and medium story collection, "Invisible bodyguard", United publishing house; A short and medium story collection, "The first marriage of brother Qian," and published by the China Federation of Literary Unions ...
Hi there! I’m Michael. Big fan of China, its culture and cuisine. Made a choice in 2017 to pack my things and come here from Europe. I love traveling, jogging and listening to music.